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| 1 | 中国的健康人力资本与收入增长显示文摘文首次将人口健康作为人力资本的一种形式,探讨其在中国经济奇迹中的作用。基于中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据,我们估计了以家庭为基础的个人收入生产函数,发现以下主要结论。首先,个人健康是决定中国家庭人均收入的重要因素。第二.,相对而言,农村人口比城市人口的健康经济回报更大。第三,女性比男性的健康经济回报更大。 | 刘国恩 William H.Dow 傅正泓 John Akin | 2004 | 经济学(季刊)2004,4,1: | 213 |
| 2 | 沁水盆地南部注二氧化碳提高煤层气采收率微型先导性试验研究显示文摘在沁水盆地南部TL-003井进行了单井注入CO2提高煤层气采收率试验。采用间歇式注入方式,共向3号煤层注入192.8t液态CO2。生产和储层模拟评价结果表明,大部分CO2被煤层吸附,能显著提高单井产量和采收率。多井试验模拟显示,在沁南无烟煤煤层中注入CO2,能显著地提高煤层气采收率,同时实现了埋藏CO2的目标。 | 叶建平 冯三利 范志强 王国强 William D.Gunter Sam Wong John R.Robinson | 2007 | 石油学报2007,28,4: | 88 |
| 3 | 美国国立神经疾病和卒中研究所-加拿大卒中网血管性认知障碍统一标准显示文摘背景和目的:1/3的个体会罹患卒中和(或)痴呆,而且,除卒中或痴呆外,2倍于此数的人会出现认知障碍。常用的卒中量表并不能评价认知功能,而痴呆的诊断标准则集中在认知障碍的晚期阶段,且在很大程度上偏向Alzheimer病(AD)的诊断。尚缺乏普遍公认的标准用于识别和描述存在认知障碍的个体,尤其是在早期阶段,而且特别是与血管因素有关的认知障碍或血管性认知障碍。方法:美国国立神经疾病和卒中研究所(MINDS)与加拿大卒中网(CSN)召集临床诊断、流行病学、神经心理学、脑影像学、神经病理学、试验模型、生物标记物、遗传学和临床试验方面的研究人员,为血管性认知障碍的描述和研究推荐一些最低限度的常用的临床和研究标准。结果:将这些讨论的结果发表于此。结论:一个统一标准的制定代表着使用、确认和改进过程中的第一步。使用相同的标准将有助于在认知障碍的早期阶段识别患者,使不同的研究具有可比性,并且通过整合知识来加速研究进展的步伐。 | Vladimir Hachinski Costantino Iadecola Ron C.Petersen Monique M.Breteler David L.Nyenhuis Sandra E.Black William J.Powers Charles DeCarli Jose G.Merino Raj N.Kalaria Harry V.Vinters David M.Holtzman Gary A.Rosenberg Martin Dichgans John R.Marler Gabrielle G.Leblanc 李焰生(译) 俞羚(译) 高枚春(译) 张静芳(译) 熊昕丽(译) 邹静(译) 林岩(译) 潘元美(译) | 2007 | 国际脑血管病杂志2007,15,1: | 63 |
| 4 | 美国临床肿瘤学会IV期非小细胞肺癌化疗的临床实践指南更新显示文摘本文旨在为IV期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗提供更新版推荐。本文资料检索源自2002年以来公布的相关随机试验文献。此指南范围限于化疗与生物治疗。更新委员会对这些文献进行了总结并提供了推荐更新。162篇文献符合标准被纳入参考。本推荐基于可改善总生存期的治疗方法。仅改善无进展生存期的治疗方法推动了对毒性及生存质量的监测。对于体力状态评分为0分或1分患者的一线治疗,可推荐以铂类为基础的细胞毒性药物的两药联用。对铂类治疗有禁忌的患者,可采用非铂类细胞毒性两药联合。对于体力状态评分为2分的患者,单一细胞毒性药物即可。对于疾病进展或经过4个周期的治疗仍对治疗无反应的患者,应停止一线细胞毒性化疗。即使在6个周期后患者对治疗仍有反应,亦应停止两药细胞毒性化疗。对于伴有明确的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的患者,可推荐一线采用吉非替尼治疗;对于EGFR突变为阴性或不明确的患者,细胞毒性化疗更佳。除具有特定临床特征的患者外,可推荐贝伐单抗与卡铂-紫杉醇联用。对于通过免疫组化证实EGFR阳性的肿瘤患者,可推荐西妥昔单抗与顺铂-长春瑞滨联用。多西紫杉醇、厄洛替尼、吉非替尼或培美曲塞被推荐作为二线治疗。对于未曾接受过厄洛替尼或吉非替尼治疗的患者,可推荐厄洛替尼作为三线治疗。现有数据不足以推荐常规三线采用细胞毒性药物。已有的证据也不足以推荐常规应用分子标记物选择化疗。 | Christopher G. AZZOLI Sherman Baker JR Sarah TEMIN William PAO Timothy ALIFF Julie BRAHMER David H. JOHNSON Janessa L. LASKIN Gregory MASTERS Daniel MILTON Luke NORDQUIST David G. PFISTER Steven PIANTADOSI Joan H. SCHILLER Reily SMITH Thomas J. SMITH John R. STRAWN David TRENT Giuseppe GIACCONE 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(翻译) 周清华(校对) 陈军(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010,13,3: | 43 |
| 5 | Crop Phenomics and High-Throughput Phenotyping:Past Decades,Current Challenges,and Future Perspectives显示文摘Since whole-genome sequencing of many crops has been achieved,crop functional genomics studies have stepped into the big-data and high-throughput era.However,acquisition of large-scale phenotypic data has become one of the major bottlenecks hindering crop breeding and functional genomics studies.Nevertheless,recent technological advances provide us potential solutions to relieve this bottleneck and to explore advanced methods for large-scale phenotyping data acquisition and processing in the coming years.In this article,we review the major progress on high-throughput phenotyping in controlled environments and field conditions as well as its use for post-harvest yield and quality assessment in the past decades.We then discuss the latest multi-omics research combining high-throughput phenotyping with genetic studies.Finally,we propose some conceptual challenges and provide our perspectives on how to bridge the phenotype-genotype gap.It is no doubt that accurate high-throughput phenotyping will accelerate plant genetic improvements and promote the next green revolution in crop breeding. | Wanneng Yang Hui Feng Xuehai Zhang Jian Zhang John H.Doonan William David Batchelor Lizhong Xiong Jianbing Yan | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020,13,2: | 38 |
| 6 | The Plant Vascular System: Evolution, Development and Functions显示文摘The emergence of the tracheophyte-based vascular system of land plantshad major impacts on the evolution of terrestrial biology, in general,through its role in facilitating the development of plants with increasedstature, photosynthetic output, and ability to colonize a greatly expandedrange of environmental habitats. Recently, considerable progress hasbeen made in terms of our understanding of the developmental andphysiological programs involved in the formation and function of theplant vascular system. In this review, we first examine the evolutionaryevents that gave rise to the tracheophytes, followed by analysis of thegenetic and hormonal networks that cooperate to orchestrate vasculardevelopment in the gymnosperms and angiosperms. The two essentialfunctions performed by the vascular system, namely the delivery of resources (water, essential mineralnutrients, sugars and amino acids) to the various plant organs and provision of mechanical support arenext discussed. Here, we focus on critical questions relating to structural and physiological propertiescontrolling the delivery of material through the xylem and phloem. Recent discoveries into the role ofthe vascular system as an effective long-distance communication system are next assessed in termsof the coordination of developmental, physiological and defense-related processes, at the whole-plantlevel. A concerted effort has been made to integrate all these new findings into a comprehensive pictureof the state-of-the-art in the area of plant vascular biology. Finally, areas important for future researchare highlighted in terms of their likely contribution both to basic knowledge and applications to primaryindustry. | William J. Lucas Andrew Groover Raffael Lichtenberger Kaori Furuta Shri-Ram Yadav Yk Helariutta Xin-Qiang He Hiroo Fukuda Julie Kang Siobhan M. Brady John W. Patrick John Sperry Akiko Yoshida Ana-Flor López-Millan Michael A. Grusak Pradeep Kachroo | 2013 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2013,55,4: | 30 |
| 7 | Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B: a 5-year open-label follow-up study显示文摘 | Patrick Marcellin Edward Gane Maria Buti Nezam Afdhal William Sievert Ira M Jacobson Mary Kay Washington George Germanidis John F Flaherty Raul Aguilar Schall Jeffrey D Bornstein Kathryn M Kitrinos G Mani Subramanian John G McHutchison E Jenny Heathcote | 2012 | The Lancet2012,,: | 14 |
| 8 | 肺癌危险度与室内氡关系研究:中国两项研究的汇总分析结果显示文摘目的 居室氡暴露是导致肺癌死亡的第二位重要原因,这是地下矿工氧暴露研究的外推结果。本分析就是为了验证此预测的正确性。方法 中国进行的两项居室氡暴露肺癌病例-对照研究共包括1050肺癌病例和1996名对照,把这些数据汇总在一起进行分析。结果 根据线性模型,在95%置信区间情况下,每100Bq/m^3的附加比值比(EOR)为0.133(0.01,0.036)。对在现住所居住30a以上的调查对象进行分析,EOR值为0.315(0.07,0.91)。此估算值与矿工数据外推值及北美和欧洲室内氡研究结果类似。结论 在众多居室中普遍存在的氡浓度长期暴露,会使肺癌危险度增加。 | Jay H.Lubin 王作元 John D.Boice Jr 徐肇翊 William J.Blot 王陇德 Ruth A.Kleinerman | 2003 | 中国辐射卫生2003,12,4: | 13 |
| 9 | Quantitative Evaluation of Pain with Pain Index Extractecl from Electroencephalogram显示文摘 | Jian-Xiong An Yong Wang Doris K Cope John P Williams | 2017 | Chinese Medical Journal2017,,16: | 13 |
| 10 | Ovarian Damages Produced by Aerosolized Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Pollution in Mice: Possible Protective Medications and Mechanisms显示文摘 | Hui-Fang Gai Jian-Xiong An Xiao-Yan Qian Yong-Jie Wei John P Williams Guo-Lan Gao | 2017 | Chinese Medical Journal2017,,12: | 13 |
| 11 | Modulation of Root Signals in Relation to Stomatal Sensitivity to Root-sourced Abscisic Acid in Drought-affected Plants显示文摘到弄干的土壤导致的根信号的有气孔的敏感可以在环境和植物种类之间变化。这是可能的在根信号之中是相互作用和调整的结果。作为一个压力信号, abscisic 酸(骆驼毛的织物) 在根起一个中央作用射击发信号。pH 和水力的信号可以与骆驼毛的织物信号交往并且这样,联合调整有气孔的回答到改变的土壤水地位。pH 本身能被几个因素,在木部的化学组成在之中流修改,包围容器的实时房间起关键作用。除了木部 pH,更多的注意应该对叶 apoplastic pH 的直接调整被给予,因为当没在木部 pH 上有重要效果时,许多化学组成可能强烈修改叶 apoplastic pH。ABA 信号紧张的直接调整可能是更重要的让有气孔的回答的规定玷污比 ABA 信号本身弄干。如果射击弄干的土壤的通讯的一条持续的根在整个植物水平操作,骆驼毛的织物信号被 ABA 分解代谢和先锋的供应也调整到根。更重要地,骆驼毛的织物分解代谢能在 ABA 信号的命运的决心起关键作用并且从而控制采购根的骆驼毛的织物信号的有气孔的行为。 | Huibo Ren Kaifa Wei Wensuo Jia William John Davies Jianhua Zhang | 2007 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2007,49,10: | 11 |
| 12 | Numerical investigation of particle saltation in the bed-load regime显示文摘This paper numerically investigates particle saltation in a turbulent channel flow having a rough bed consisting of 2–3 layers of densely packed spheres.In this study,we combined three the state-of-the-art technologies,i.e.,the direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow,the combined finite-discrete element modelling of the deformation,movement and collision of the particles,and the immersed boundary method for the fluid-solid interaction.Here we verify our code by comparing the flow and particle statistical features with the published data and then present the hydrodynamic forces acting on a particle together with the particle coordinates and velocities,during a typical saltation.We found strong correlation between the abruptly decreasing particle stream-wise velocity and the increasing vertical velocity at collision,which indicates that the continuous saltation of large grain-size particles is controlled by collision parameters such as particle incident angle,local rough bed packing arrangement,and particle density,etc.This physical process is different from that of particle entrainment in which turbulence coherence structures play an important role.Probability distribution functions of several important saltation parameters and the relationships between them are presented.The results show that the saltating particles hitting the windward side of the bed particles are more likely to bounce off the rough bed than those hitting the leeside.Based on the above findings,saltation mechanisms of large grain-size particles in turbulent channel flow are presented. | JI ChunNing ANTE Munjiza ELDAD Avital XU Dong JOHN Williams | 2014 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2014,57,8: | 10 |
| 13 | 急性阑尾炎显示文摘截止至 2 0 0 2年 6月 ,有关阑尾炎治疗的临床证据如下 :①辅助性抗生素治疗 :1项RCT和 1项回顾性RCT发现 ,经阑尾切除术的复杂性和单纯性阑尾炎的成人和儿童 ,预防性使用抗生素可显著减少伤口感染和腹腔内脓肿。②辅助性抗生素治疗 (儿童复杂性阑尾炎 ) :1项系统评价的亚组分析发现 ,使用抗生素可显著减少伤口感染。③辅助性抗生素治疗 (儿童单纯性阑尾炎 ) :1项系统评价的亚组分析发现 ,使用抗生素不减少伤口感染。 1项儿童单纯性阑尾炎的回顾性RCT发现 ,预防性使用抗生素不能减少伤口感染 ,但该RCT的样本量太小 ,不能排除有临床差别。④抗生素治疗和手术 :1项成人疑诊阑尾炎的RCT发现 ,与手术治疗比较 ,抗生素保守治疗可减少治疗开始后 12h到 10d的疼痛和吗啡的使用。但采取抗生素保守治疗的患者有 35 %在 1年内再次因急性阑尾炎入院 ,并行阑尾切除术。⑤腹腔镜手术和开腹手术 (成人 ) :1项系统评价发现 ,腹腔镜手术可以减少伤口的感染 ,减轻手术后第 1天的疼痛 ,减少住院时间以及恢复工作的时间 ,但增加手术后腹腔内脓肿的发生。⑥腹腔镜手术和开腹手术 (儿童 ) :1项系统评价发现 ,腹腔镜手术可以减少伤口的感染 ,减少住院时间 ,但不能减轻手术后第 1天的疼痛 ,不能减少恢复的时间和腹腔内脓肿的发? | John Simpson William Speake 王慧 周焱 董碧蓉 | 2004 | 中国循证医学杂志2004,4,5: | 10 |
| 14 | Postoperative pancreatic fistula: An international study group (ISGPF) definition显示文摘 | Claudio Bassi Christos Dervenis Giovanni Butturini Abe Fingerhut Charles Yeo Jakob Izbicki John Neoptolemos Michael Sarr William Traverso Marcus Buchler | 2005 | Surgery2005,,1: | 9 |
| 15 | Intraoperative cardiac arrest during anesthesia: a retrospective study of 218 274 anesthetics undergoing non-cardiac surgery in a US teaching hospital显示文摘背景耐心的安全更被获得了在最近的 years.The 作者的注意考察了在在匹兹堡大学医学中心经历在1989年1月和2001年12月之间的 noncardiac 外科的操作房间里有心脏的拘捕的病人,学习的 USA.The 主要目的是决定 intraoperative 的发生心脏的拘捕,识别心脏的拘捕的可能的原因并且由匹兹堡大学与赞同探索顺从的 modifications.Methods | AN Jian-xiong Li-Ming Zhang Erin A. Sullivan GUO Qu-lian John E Williams | 2011 | Chinese Medical Journal2011,,2: | 9 |
| 16 | 多模式睡眠:慢性失眠的创新疗法显示文摘麻醉术不仅能保障手术无痛,在其发展过程中所产生的新发明和新理念如血库的建立、心肺复苏术的发明和推广、疼痛诊疗的普及等,还为人类健康做出了更多的重大贡献。被誉为'疼痛医学之父'的Bonica教授和'心肺复苏术之父'的Safar教授早已跨越时空和国界,成为全世界麻醉医师的骄傲。把麻醉技术用于失眠治疗一直是有远见的麻醉医务工作者探索的热点。美国著名麻醉学家、发明家和教育家Ralph Waters(1883—1979)教授,也是我国麻醉学科奠基者之一吴珏教授的导师,在1927年被聘任为世界首位麻醉学教授的仪式上,威斯康新大学校长幽默地称赞:Waters是大学聘任的第一位能让人睡觉的教授。事实上时至今日,即使最发达国家的公众,对一位麻醉医师的理解,也是能让人睡觉的人,这种现象揭示了公众对失眠问题的深刻认知和关注。据统计我国目前约有3.3亿人患有不同程度的失眠,其治疗是当今世界的医学难题。安建雄教授领衔的科研团队经过近10年的探索,率先提出并践行以病人自控睡眠为主导的多模式睡眠疗法,尽管在推广和广泛临床应用之前,还需要更多的研究和科学证据,但这种尝试不仅可以丰富麻醉学科内涵,还为严重失眠病人带来新的治疗选择。 | 安建雄 张建峰 赵倩男 张文浩 刘辉 钱晓焱 刘颖 王永 方七五 Williams John P | 2020 | 中华麻醉学杂志2020,40,5: | 9 |
| 17 | The Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Eocene Series in the Dababiya section (Egypt)显示文摘 | Marie-Pierre Aubry Khaled Ouda Christian Dupuis William A., Berggren John A. Van Couvering 无 | 2007 | Episodes2007,30,4: | 8 |
| 18 | 国际专家组关于超声内镜引导下胰腺囊性肿瘤消融的立场声明显示文摘背景和目的最近,一些有关胰腺囊性肿瘤(pancreatic cystic neoplasms,PCNs)治疗的指南建议已经发表,但是超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasound,EUS)引导下PCNs消融的作用在这些指南中尚未明确。本文的目的是通过提出一系列临床问题并根据可获得的最佳科学证据提供答案来探讨围绕EUS引导下PCNs消融的问题。方法我们从亚洲EUS学组和一个国际专家组中招募了一个EUS引导下PCNs消融专家小组。创建了一个临床问题列表,并将每个问题分配给一个成员以产生一个陈述。然后在2016年10月至2017年10月的三次互联网会议上讨论了这些陈述。之后相互协商对这些陈述进行修改,直到取得协商一致意见。之后,将完整的陈述总结集体发送给所有小组成员,以对陈述的强度进行投票,对陈述进行分类,对证据进行分级。结果制定了关于EUS引导下PCNs的23个陈述。这些陈述涉及操作步骤、操作技术、操作前和操作后管理,并发症的管理以及手术中所需能力和培训。结论在所有内镜学会中,本共识是关于EUS引导下PCNs消融的首篇共识。有兴趣进行这项技术的临床医生应参考这些共识,未来的研究应设法解决本共识中提出的重要问题。 | Anthony Yuen-Bun Teoh DongWan Seo William Brugge John Dewitt Pradermchai Kongkam 令狐恩强(文/译) Matthew T.Moyer JiKon Ryu Khek Yu Ho 杜晨(翻译) 李惠凯(翻译) | 2019 | 中华胃肠内镜电子杂志2019,6,4: | 8 |
| 19 | 诊断性试验和策略的证据质量和推荐强度的分级显示文摘GRADE系统能对诊断性试验或策略的证据质量和推荐强度进行分级。本文旨在阐释在此过程中如何考虑患者的重要结局, | Holger J Schünemann Andrew D Oxman Jan Brozek Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Gunn E Vist John W Williams Jr Regina Kunz Jonathan Craig Victor M Montori Patrick Bossuyt Gordon H Guyatt 李晓 黄程 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009,9,5: | 7 |
| 20 | Thunderclap Headache Caused by an Inadvertent Epidural Puncture During Oxygen-ozone Therapy for Patient with Cervical Disc Herniation显示文摘To the Editor: A 54-year-old woman with no significant history of a headache or hypertension underwent epidural oxygen-ozone injection at a concentration of 30 μg/ml (3 ml) for cervical disc herniation at cervical vertebra (C6-C7) level.Throughout the procedure, the routine monitorings of blood pressure, heart rate, and blood oxygen saturation were performed.One minute following the end of the injection, the patient developed a high-intensity headache mimicking symptoms of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm. | Hui Liu Yong Wang Jian-Xiong An John P Williams Doris K Cope | 2016 | Chinese Medical Journal2016,,4: | 7 |