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| 1 | Autoimmune liver serology:Current diagnostic and clinical challenges显示文摘Liver-related autoantibodies are crucial for the correct diagnosis and classification of autoimmune liver diseas-es(AiLD),namely autoimmune hepatitis types 1 and 2(AIH-1 and 2),primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),and the sclerosing cholangitis variants in adults and children.AIH-1 is specified by anti-nuclear antibody(ANA) and smooth muscle antibody(SMA).AIH-2 is specified by antibody to liver kidney microsomal antigen type-1(anti-LKM1) and anti-liver cytosol type 1(anti-LC1).SMA,ANA and anti-LKM antibodies can be present in de-novo AIH following liver transplantation.PBC is specified by antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA) react-ing with enzymes of the 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complexes(chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E2 subunit) and disease-specific ANA mainly react-ing with nuclear pore gp210 and nuclear body sp100.Sclerosing cholangitis presents as at least two variants,first the classical primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) mostly affecting adult men wherein the only(and non-specific) reactivity is an atypical perinuclear antineutro-phil cytoplasmic antibody(p-ANCA),also termed peri-nuclear anti-neutrophil nuclear antibodies(p-ANNA) and second the childhood disease called autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis(ASC) with serological features resembling those of type 1 AIH.Liver diagnostic serol-ogy is a fast-expanding area of investigation as new purified and recombinant autoantigens,and automatedtechnologies such as ELISAs and bead assays,become available to complement(or even compete with) tradi-tional immunofluorescence procedures.We survey for the first time global trends in quality assurance impact-ing as it does on(1) manufacturers/purveyors of kits and reagents,(2) diagnostic service laboratories that fulfill clinicians' requirements,and(3) the end-user,the physician providing patient care,who must properly interpret test results in the overall clinical context. | Dimitrios P Bogdanos Diego Vergani Pietro Invernizzi Ian R Mackay | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 40 |
| 2 | Etiopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is an autoimmune disease of the liver characterized by progressive bile duct destruction eventually leading to cirrhosis and liver failure.The serological hallmark of the disease is the presence of circulating antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA).These reflect the presence of autoreactive T and B cells to the culprit antigens,the E2 subunits of mitochondrial 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase enzymes,chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDC-E2).The disease results from a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors.Genetic predisposition is indicated by the higher familial incidence of the disease particularly among siblings and the high concordance rate among monozygotic twins.Environmental triggering events appear crucial to disrupt a pre-existing unstable immune tolerance of genetic origin allowing,after a long latency,the emergence of clinical disease.Initiating mimetopes of the vulnerable epitope of the PDC-E2 autoantigen can be derived from microbes that utilize the PDC enzyme or,alternatively,environmental xenobiotics/chemical compounds that modify the structure of native proteins to make them immunogenic.A further alternative as a source of antigen is PDC-E2 derived from apoptotic cells.In the effector phase the biliary ductular cell,by reason of itsproclivity to express the antigen PDC-E2 in the course of apoptosis,undergoes a multilineage immune attack comprised of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and antibody.In this article,we critically review the available evidence on etiopathogenesis of PBC and present interpretations of complex data,new developments and theories,and nominate directions for future research. | Ana Lleo Pietro Invernizzi Ian R Mackay Harry Prince Ren-Qian Zhong M Eric Gershwin | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 9 |
| 3 | Acute promyelocytic leukemia:morphological and clinical features显示文摘 | Invernizzi R Iannone AM Bernuzzi S | 1993 | Haematologica1993，78，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Importance of classical morphology in the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome 显示文摘 | Invernizzi R Quaglia F Porta MG | 2015 | Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis2015，7，20： | 1 |
| 5 | Clinical and biological effects of treatment with amifostine in myelodysplastic syndromes显示文摘 | Invernizzi R Pecci A Travaglino E | 2002 | BrJ Haematol2002，118，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Particulate matter from tobacco versus diesel car eXhaust:an educational perspective 显示文摘 | Invernizzi G Ruprecht A Mazza R | 2004 | Tob Control2004，13，： | 1 |
| 7 | Primary biliary cirrhosis in monozygotic and dizygotic twins:genetics,epigeneties,and environment显示文摘 | Selmi C Mayo M J Bach N Ishibashi H Invernizzi P Gish R G | 2004 | Gastroenterology2004，127，： | 1 |
| 8 | Importance of classical morphology in the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome 显示文摘 | Invernizzi R Quaglia F Porta MG | 2015 | Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis2015，7，20： | 1 |
| 9 | Survivin expression,apoptosis and proliferation in chronic mylomonocytic leukem ia显示文摘 | Invernizzi R Travaglino E Benatti C | 2006 | Eur J Haematol2006，76，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Heavy metal pollution in topsoils near a cement plant:the role of organic matter and distance to the source to predict total and HCl-extracted heavy metal concentrations 显示文摘 | Bermudez G M A Moreno M Invernizzi R | 2010 | Chemosphere2010，78，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Ring sideroblasts and sideroblastic anemias显示文摘 | Cazzola M Invernizzi R | 2011 | Haematologica2011，96，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Survivin expression in acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes显示文摘 | Invernizzi R Travaglino E Lunghi M | 2004 | Leuk Lympho-ma2004，45，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Survivin expression, apoptosis and proliferation in chronic myelomonoeytic leukemia 显示文摘 | Invernizzi R Travaglino E Benatti C | 2006 | Eur J Haematol2006，76，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Mitochondrial ferritin: a new player in iron metabolism显示文摘 | Drysdale J Arosio P Invernizzi R | 2002 | Blood Cells Mol Dis2002，29，3： | 1 |
| 15 | survivin expression,apoptosis and proliferation in chronic myelomonocytic leukem ia显示文摘 | Invernizzi R Travaglino E Benatti C | 2006 | Eur J Haematol2006，76，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Survivin expression in acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes显示文摘 | Invernizzi R Travaglino E Lunghi M | 2004 | Leukemia and Lymphoma2004，45，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Role ofpresynaptic alpha2- adernoceptors in antidepresant action: recen t findings from microdialysis studies 显示文摘 | Invernizzi R W GarattiniS | 2004 | Porg Neuor Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry2004，28，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Survivin expression in acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes 显示文摘 | Invernizzi R Travagline E Lunghi M | 2004 | Leuk Lymphoma2004，45，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Flow cytometry evaluation of erythroid dysplasia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome 显示文摘 | DELLA PORTA M G MALCOVATI R INVERNIZZI R | 2006 | Leukemia2006，20，： | 1 |
| 20 | Flow cytometry evaluation of erythroid dysplasia in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome 显示文摘 | Della Porta M G Malcovati L Invernizzi R | 2006 | Leukemia2006，20，4： | 1 |
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