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| 1 | Contrasting trends of PM2.5 and surface-ozone concentrations in China from 2013 to 2017显示文摘Although much attention has been paid to investigating and controlling air pollution in China,the trends of air-pollutant concentrations on a national scale have remained unclear.Here,we quantitatively investigated the variation of air pollutants in China using long-term comprehensive data sets from 2013 to 2017,during which Chinese government made major efforts to reduce anthropogenic emission in polluted regions.Our results show a significant decreasing trend in the PM2.5 concentration in heavily polluted regions of eastern China,with an annual decrease of〜7%compared with measurements in 2013.The measured decreased concentrations of SO2>NO2 and CO(a proxy for anthropogenic volatile organic compounds)could explain a large fraction of the decreased PM2.5 concentrations in different regions.As a consequence;the heavily polluted days decreased significantly in corresponding regions.Concentrations of organic aerosol;nitrate;sulfate,ammonium and chloride measured in urban Beijing revealed a remarkable reduction from 2013 to 2017;connecting the decreases in aerosol precursors with corresponding chemical components closely.However;surface-ozone concentrations showed increasing trends in most urban stations from 2013 to 2017;which indicates stronger photochemical pollution.The boundary-layer height in capital c让ies of eastern China showed no significant trends over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions from 2013 to 2017;which confirmed the reduction in anthropogenic emissions.Our results demonstrated that the Chinese government was successful in the reduction of particulate matter in urban areas from 2013 to 2017,although the ozone concentration has increased significantly;suggesting a more complex mechanism of improving Chinese air quality in the future. | Yonghong Wang Wenkang Gao Shuai Wang Tao Song Zhengyu Gong Dongsheng Ji Lili Wang Zirui Liu Guiqian Tang Yanfeng Huo Shili Tian Jiayun Li Mingge Li Yuan Yang Biwu Chu Tuukka Petaja Veli-Matti Kerminen Hong He Jiming Hao Markku Kulmala Yuesi Wang Yuanhang Zhang | 2020 | National Science Review2020,7,8: | 51 |
| 2 | Surface modification of nanozymes显示文摘Nanoparticles and proteins are similar in a number of aspects, and using nanoparticles to mimic the catalytic function of enzymes is an interesting yet challenging task. Impressive developments have been made over the past two decades on this front. The term nanozyme was coined to refer to nanoparticlebased enzyme mimics. To date, many different types of nanozymes have been reported to catalyze a broad range of reactions for chemical, analytical, and biomedical applications. Since chemical reactions happen mainly on the surface of nanozymes, an interesting aspect for investigation is surface modification. In this review, we summarize three types of nanozyme materials catalyzing various reactions with a focus on their surface chemistry. For metal oxides, cerium oxide and iron oxide are discussed as they are the most extensively studied. Then, gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide are reviewed to represent metallic and carbon nanomaterials, respectively. Types of modifications include ions, small molecules, and polymers mainly by physisorption, while in a few cases, covalent modifications were also employed. The functional aspect of such modification is to improve catalytic activity, substrate specificity, and stability. Future perspectives of this field are speculated at the end of this review. | Biwu Liu Juewen Liu | 2017 | Nano Research2017,10,4: | 22 |
| 3 | Role of ammonia in forming secondary aerosols from gasoline vehicle exhaust显示文摘Ammonia(NH3) plays vital roles in new particle formation and atmospheric chemistry. Although previous studies have revealed that it also influences the formation of secondary organic aerosols(SOA) from ozonolysis of biogenic and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs), the influence of NH3 on particle formation from complex mixtures such as vehicle exhausts is still poorly understood. Here we directly introduced gasoline vehicles exhausts(GVE) into a smog chamber with NH3 absorbed by denuders to examine the role of NH3 in particle formation from GVE. We found that removing NH3 from GVE would greatly suppress the formation and growth of particles. Adding NH3 into the reactor after 3 h photo-oxidation of GVE, the particle number concentration and mass concentrations jumped explosively to much higher levels, indicating that the numbers and mass of particles might be enhanced when aged vehicle exhausts are transported to rural areas and mixed with NH3-rich plumes. We also found that the presence of NH3 had no significant influence on SOA formation from GVE. Very similar oxygen to carbon(O:C) and hydrogen to carbon(H:C) ratios resolved by aerosol mass spectrometer with and without NH3 indicated that the presence of NH3 also had no impact on the average carbon oxidation state of SOA from GVE. | Tengyu Liu Xinming Wang Wei Deng Yanli Zhang Biwu Chu Xiang Ding Qihou Hu Hong He Jiming Hao | 2015 | Science China Chemistry2015,58,9: | 7 |
| 4 | Hygroscopicity of particles generated from photooxidation of α-pinene under diferent oxidation conditions in the presence of sulfate seed aerosols显示文摘Smog chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the hygroscopicity of particles generated from photooxidation of α-pinene/NOx with diferent sulfate seed aerosols or oxidation conditions. Hygroscopicity of particles was measured by a tandem diferential mobility analyzer(TDMA) in terms of hygroscopic growth factor(Gf), with a relative humidity of 85%. With sulfate seed aerosols present, Gf of the aerosols decreased very fast before notable secondary organic aerosols(SOA) formation was observed, indicating a heterogeneous process between inorganic seeds and organic products might take place as soon as oxidation begins, rather than only happening after gas-aerosol partition of organic products starts. The final SOA-coated sulfate particles had similar or lower Gf than seed-free SOA. The hygroscopicity of the final particles was not dependent on the thickness but on the hygroscopicity properties of the SOA, which were influenced by the initial sulfate seed particles. In the two designed aging processes, Gf of the particles increased more significantly with introduction of OH radical than with ozone. However, the hygroscopicity of SOA was very low even after a long time of aging, implying that either SOA aging in the chamber was very slow or the Gf of SOA did not change significantly in aging. Using an aerosol composition speciation monitor(ACSM) and matrix factorization(PMF) method, two factors for the components of SOA were identified, but the correlation between SOA hygroscopicity and the proportion of the more highly oxidized factor could be either positive or negative depending on the speciation of seed aerosols present. | Biwu Chu Kun Wang Hideto Takekawa Junhua Li Wei Zhou Jingkun Jiang Qinxing Ma Hong He Jiming Hao | 2014 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2014,26,1: | 6 |
| 5 | Distinct potential aerosol masses under different scenarios of transport at a suburban site of Beijing显示文摘In order to evaluate the secondary aerosol formation potential at a suburban site of Beijing,in situ perturbation experiments in a potential aerosol mass(PAM) reactor were carried out in the winter of 2014.The variations of secondary aerosol formation as a function of time,OH exposure,and the concentrations of gas phase pollutants and particles were reported in this study.Two periods with distinct secondary aerosol formation potentials,marked as Period Ⅰ and Period Ⅱ,were identified during the observation.In Period Ⅰ,the secondary aerosol formation potential was high,and correlated well to the air pollutants,i.e.,SO_2,NO_2,and CO.The maximal secondary aerosol formation was observed with an aging time equivalent to about 3 days of atmospheric oxidation.In period Ⅱ,the secondary aerosol formation potential was low,with no obvious correlation with the air pollutants.Meanwhile,the aerosol mass decreased,instead of showing a peak,with increasing aging time.Backward trajectory analysis during the two periods confirmed that the air mass in Period Ⅰwas mainly from local sources,while it was attributed mostly to long distance transport in Period Ⅱ.The air lost its reactivity during the long transport and the particles became highly aged,resulting in a low secondary aerosol formation potential.Our experimental results indicated that the in situ measurement of the secondary aerosol formation potential could provide important information for evaluating the contributions of local emission and long distance transport to the aerosol pollution. | Biwu Chu Yongchun Liu Qingxin Ma Jinzhu Ma Hong He Gang Wang Shuiyuan Cheng Xinming Wang | 2016 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2016,28,1: | 5 |
| 6 | Polyaniline-coated selenium/carbon composites encapsulated in graphene as efficient cathodes for Li-Se batteries显示文摘 | Biwu Wang Jingjing Zhang Zhigang Xia Meiqiang Fan Chunju Lv Guanglei Tian Xiaona Li | 2018 | Nano Research2018,11,5: | 5 |
| 7 | Differences of the oxidation process and secondary organic aerosol formation at low and high precursor concentrations显示文摘Current atmospheric quality models usually underestimate the level of ambient secondary organic aerosol(SOA), one of the possible reasons is that the precursors at different concentrations may undergo different oxidation processes and further affect SOA formation. Therefore, there is a need to perform more chamber studies to disclose the influence. In this work, SOA formation over a wide range of initial precursor concentrations(tens of ppb to hundreds of ppb levels) was investigated in a 30 m3 indoor smog chamber,and mainly through the analysis of multiple generations of VOCs detected from HR-To FPTRMS to expound the difference in the oxidation process between low and high precursor concentrations. Compared to high initial concentrations, gas-phase intermediates formed at low concentrations had a higher intensity by about one order of magnitude, and the lowvolatility compounds also had a higher formation potential due to the competition between semi-volatile intermediates and precursors with oxidants. In addition, the formed SOA was more oxidized with higher f44 value(0.14 ± 0.02) and more relevant to real atmosphere than that formed at high concentrations. This work should help to deeply understand SOA formation and improve the performance of air quality models for SOA simulation. | Tianzeng Chen Yongchun Liu Biwu Chu Changgeng Liu Jun Liu Yanli Ge Qingxin Ma Jinzhu Ma Hong He | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019,31,5: | 4 |
| 8 | Synthesis of a Novel UV-curable Prepolymer Polypropyleneglycol Diglycidyl Ether Diacrylate显示文摘A novel UV-curable prepolymer polypropyleneglycol diglycidyl ether diacrylate(PPGGEA) was synthesized by utilizing polypropyleneglycol diglycidyl ether(PPGGE)and acrylic acid(AA)as starting materials,N,N-dimethylbenzylamine as catalyst and p-hydroxyanisole as inhibitor.The optimum synthetic conditions were in the following:the concentration of N,N-dimethylbenzylamine was 0.80 wt%of reactants,the concentration of p-hydroxyanisole was 0.3 wt%of reactants,the reaction temperature was 90-110℃,and the molar ratio of PPGGE to AA was 1:2.2.Meanwhile,1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone of a UV-cured initiator was added to the synthesized PPGGEA to prepare a kind of UV-cured coating.The mechanical properties of the UV-cured films were determined,giving 29.99 MPa of tensile strength,834.27 MPa of the Young's modulus and 5.66% of elongation at tear. | HUANG Biwu HUANG Bofen DU Guoping CHEN Weiqing | 2008 | Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)2008,23,4: | 3 |
| 9 | Continuous and comprehensive atmospheric observations in Beijing:a station to understand the complex urban atmospheric environment显示文摘Due to profound impact on climate and human health,air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil society.The key step in the provision of required tools for the society to tackle the complex air quality problem is to characterize it in a comprehensive manner with a long-term perspective.Here,we describe a continuous and comprehensive observation station and its accompanying state-ofthe-art instrumentation that was established to investigate the complex urban atmospheric environment in a rapidly developing Chinese Megacity.The station,located in downtown Beijing,aims to study air quality by identifying the major atmospheric pollutants and key processes determining their formation and loss mechanisms.A few hundreds of parameters are continuously measured with the state-of-the-art instruments,including trace gas concentrations,aerosol particle size distributions,and mass concentrations,covering aerosol particle chemical composition from molecules to micrometer-sized aerosol particles.This produced long-term,comprehensive big data with around 1�10^(11)bytes per year.In this paper,we provide an overview on the facilities of the station,the instrumentation used,the workflow of continuous observations and examples of results from 2018 to 2019 and a basis for establishing a modern long-term,comprehensive atmospheric urban observation station in other megacities. | Yongchun Liu Chao Yan Zemin Feng Feixue Zheng Xiaolong Fan Yusheng Zhang Chang Li Ying Zhou Zhuohui Lin Yishou Guo Ying Zhang Li Ma Wenshuo Zhou Zhikun Liu Lubna Dada Kaspar Dallenbach Jenni Kontkanen Runlong Cai Tommy Chan Biwu Chu Wei Du Lei Yao Yonghong Wang Jing Cai Juha Kangasluoma Tom Kokkonen Joni Kujansuu Anton Rusanen Chenjuan Deng Yueyun Fu Rujing Yin Xiaoxiao Li Yiqun Lu Yiliang Liu Chaofan Lian Dongsen Yang Weigang Wang Maofa Ge Yuesi Wang Douglas R.Worsnop Heikki Junninen Hong He Veli-Matti Kerminen Jun Zheng Lin Wang Jingkun Jiang Tuukka Petaja Federico Bianchi Markku Kulmala | 2020 | Big Earth Data2020,4,3: | 3 |
| 10 | Comparisons of measured nitrous acid(HONO) concentrations in a pollution period at urban and suburban Beijing, in autumn of 2014显示文摘To study the HONO formation mechanisms during a pollution period, a continuous measurement was performed in both urban and suburban aeras of Beijing. During this period, the PM2.5 concentrations increased to 201 and 137 ?g/m3 in urban and suburban areas, respectively. The concentrations of HONO, CO, SO2, O3, NO, NO2, NOx were 1.45 ppbv, 0.61 ppmv, 8.7 ppbv, 4.3 ppbv, 44.4 ppbv, 37.4 ppbv, 79.4 ppbv and 0.72 ppbv, 1.00 ppmv, 1.2 ppbv, 7.9 ppbv, 3.7 ppbv, 8.2 ppbv, 11.9 ppbv, in urban and suburban areas, respectively. To compare possible pathways of HONO formation in both sites, the contributions of direct emissions, heterogeneous formations, and homogeneous productions were studied. HONO/NO2 ratios in the two sites indicated that heterogeneous reactions of NO2 were more efficient in suburban areas. And in both urban and suburban areas, the increase of PM2.5 concentrations and RH would promote the conversion efficiency in RH that ranged from 0% to 85%. However, when RH was above 85%, the HONO formation slowed down. Moreover, the study of direct emissions and homogeneous reactions showed that they contributed to a majority of HONO increase in urban areas than the 20% contributions in suburban areas. It implied that the high NOx concentrations and NO concentrations in urban areas or in pollution periods would make direct emissions and homogeneous reactions become dominant in HONO formations. | Shengrui Tong Siqi Hou Ying Zhang Biwu Chu Yongchun Liu Hong He Pusheng Zhao Maofa Ge | 2015 | Science China Chemistry2015,58,9: | 3 |
| 11 | Secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity in photooxidation in the presence of Al_2O_3 seed particles and SO_2显示文摘To investigate the sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation and oxidation capacity to NOx in homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, a series of irradiated toluene/NOx/air and ?-pinene/NOx/air experiments were conducted in smog chambers in the absence or presence of Al2O3 seed particles. Various concentrations of NOx and volatile organic compounds(VOCs) were designed to simulate secondary aerosol formation under different scenarios for NOx. Under 'VOC-limited' conditions, the increasing NOx concentration suppressed secondary aerosol formation, while the increasing toluene concentration not only contributed to the increase in secondary aerosol formation, but also led to the elevated oxidation degree for the organic aerosol. Sulfate formation was suppressed with the increasing NOx due to a decreased oxidation capacity of the photooxidation system. Secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation also decreased with the presence of high concentration of NOx, because organo-peroxy radicals(RO2) react with NOx instead of with peroxy radicals(RO2 or HO2), resulting in the formation of volatile organic products. The increasing concentration of NOx enhanced the formation of sulfate, nitrate and SOA under 'NOx-limited' conditions, in which the heterogeneous reactions played an important role. In the presence of Al2O3 seed particles, a synergetic promoting effect of mineral dust and NOx on secondary aerosol formation in heterogeneous reactions was observed in the photooxidation. This synergetic effect strengthened the positive relationship between NOx and secondary aerosol formation under 'NOx-limited' conditions but weakened or even overturned the negative relationship between NOx and secondary aerosol formation under 'VOC-limited' conditions. Sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation to NOx seemed different in homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, and should be both taken into account in the sensitivity study. The sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation to NOx was further investigated under 'winter-like' and NH3-rich conditions. No obvious difference for the sensitivity of secondary aerosol formation except nitrate to NOx was observed. | Biwu Chu Tengyu Liu Xiao Zhang Yongchun Liu Qingxin Ma Jinzhu Ma Hong He Xinming Wang Junhua Li Jiming Hao | 2015 | Science China Chemistry2015,58,9: | 3 |
| 12 | Analysis of microcrystal formation in DS-silicon ingot显示文摘The DS(directional solidification) polycrystalline silicon ingot is the most important photovoltaic material today,and the conversion efficiency of solar cells is affected by the morphology and organization of the crystal.Uniform grains with larger size are conducive to get high-quality wafer,so improving the cell conversion efficiency.However,grains sizes that are less than 1 mm2 can be observed frequently in the central district of mc-Si ingots,which bring negative effect to the quality of the mc-Si ingot and decrease the electrical performance of wafer.In this paper,we make an attempt to explain the formation mechanism and influence factors of microcrystal in mc-Si ingot with computer simulation technology and theory of component supercooling.It was found that:to avoid production of microcrystal,it's better to increase the value of G/V(V is the growth rate and G is the near-interface temperature gradient),strengthen the melt convection front in the solidification interface and keep a fairly flat solid/melt interface in producing mc-Si ingot. | ZHANG ZhiQiang HUANG Qiang HUANG ZhenFei LI BiWu CHEN Xue | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011,54,6: | 3 |
| 13 | Unveiling the mechanical response and accommodation mechanism of pre-rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy under high-speed impact loading显示文摘Split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)tests were conducted on pre-rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy at 150–350℃ with strain rates of 2150s-1,3430s^(-1) and 4160s-1.The mechanical response,microstructural evolution and accommodation mechanism of the pre-rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy under high-speed impact loading were investigated.The twin and shear band are prevailing at low temperature,and the coexistence of twins and recrystallized grains is the dominant microstructure at medium temperature,while at high temperature,dynamic recrystallization(DRX)is almost complete.The increment of temperature reduces the critical condition difference between twinning and DRX,and the recrystallized temperature decreases with increasing strain rate.The mechanical response is related to the competition among the shear band strengthen,the twin strengthen and the fine grain strengthen and determined by the prevailing grain structure.The fine grain strengthen could compensate soften caused by the temperature increase and the reduction of twin and shear band.During high-speed deformation,different twin variants,introduced by pre-rolling,induce different deformation mechanism to accommodate plastic deformation and are in favor for non-basal slip.At low temperature,the high-speed deformation is achieved by twinning,dislocation slip and the following deformation shear band at different deformation stages.At high temperature,the high-speed deformation is realized by twinning and dislocation slip of early deformation stage,transition shear band of medium deformation stage and DRX of final deformation stage. | Xiao Liu Hui Yang Biwu Zhu Yuanzhi Wu Wenhui Liu Changping Tang | 2022 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2022,10,4: | 2 |
| 14 | 董必武与中国人民银行的创建和人民币的发行——《董必武传》节选显示文摘今年3月5日,是中国共产党和中华人民共和国的创始人和缔造者之一,伟大的马克思主义政治家、法学家,新中国人民民主与法制建设的主要奠基人董必武同志诞辰120周年。为纪念这位伟人,我们从中央文献出版社出版的《董必武传》中选取了一章转载于此,以飨读者。 | Writing Group of Biography of Dong Biwu | 2006 | 当代中国史研究2006,13,2: | 2 |
| 15 | Unveiling the underlying mechanism of forming edge cracks upon high strain-rate rolling of magnesium alloy显示文摘In the current study,high strain-rate rolling(≥10 s-1) has been successfully employed to produce Mg-3 A1-1 Zn alloy sheets to a high reduction of 82% with a fine grain structure in a single pass.The underlying mechanism of forming primary and secondary edge cracks has been investigated.It is found that dynamic recrystallization(DRX) induced by subgrains tends to blunt cracks,while twinning-induced D RX is mainly observed around sharp crack tips.The motion of emitted dislocations from blunted cracks is inhibited by the DRX grain boundaries.This,on one hand,increases local work hardening,and on the other hand,causes stress concentration alo ng grain boundaries especially in the triple junctions leading to the formation of secondary cracks. | Biwu Zhu Xiao Liu Chao Xie Jing Su Pengcheng Guo Changping Tang Wenhui Liu | 2020 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2020,47,15: | 2 |
| 16 | Effect of aluminium dust on secondary organic aerosol formation in m-xylene/NO_x photo-oxidation显示文摘As an important anthropogenic volatile organic compound(VOC), m-xylene has attracted numerous attentions due to its potential in secondary organic aerosol(SOA) formation. In this study, effects of aluminium dust seeds(boehmite and alumina) on SOA yield and aerosol size in m-xylene/NOx photo-oxidation were investigated in a 2 m3 smog chamber at 30°C and 50% relative humidity. Compared to the seed-free system, the presence of aluminium seeds resulted in an increase in the SOA yield, and also enhanced the O3 concentration in the chamber. The photolysis of O3 is a major source of OH radical, which is the most important oxidant of m-xylene. The increase in O3 concentration could result in the generation of more OH radicals, and finally contribute to the SOA formation. Seed particles influence the SOA size mainly by acting as condensation nuclei. Semi-volatile organic compounds(SVOCs) were condensed onto these nuclei, resulting in the increase in SOA size. However, when aluminium seeds with high concentrations were introduced into the system, SVOCs that had been condensed onto each particle were dispersed by these seeds, leading to the reduction in aerosol size. | LIU Chang MA QingXin CHU BiWu LIU YongChun HE Hong ZHANG XiaoYe LI JunHua HAO JiMing | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015,58,2: | 2 |
| 17 | Effects of two transition metal sulfate salts on secondary organic aerosol formation in toluene/NOx photooxidation显示文摘Aerosol phase reactions play a very important role on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and metal-containing aerosols are important components in the atmosphere. In this study, we tested the effects of two transition metal sulfate salts, manganese sulfate (MnSO4) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4), on the photochemical reactions of a toluene/NOx photooxidation system in a 2 m3 smog chamber. By comparing photochemical reaction products of experiments with and without transition metal sulfate seed aerosols, we evaluated the effects of transition metal sulfate seed aerosols on toluene consumption, NOx conversion and the formation of ozone and SOA. MnSO4 and ZnSO4 seed aerosols were found to have similar effects on photochemical reactions, both enhance the SOA production, while showing negligible effects on the gas phase compounds. These observations are consistent when varying metal sulfate aerosol concentrations. This is attributed to the catalytic effects of MnSO4 and ZnSO4 seed aerosols which may enhance the formation of condensable semivolatile compounds. Their subsequent partitioning into the aerosol phase leads to the observed SOA formation enhancement. | Biwu CHU Jiming HAO Junhua LI Hideto TAKEKAWA Kun WANG Jingkun JIANG | 2013 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2013,7,1: | 2 |
| 18 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Sun Y Noel C Hiroshi K Biwu M Thompson M E Forrest S R | | 0,,: | 1 |
| 19 | Pho-tocrosslinkable polythiophenes for efficient,thermally stable,organic Photovoltaics显示文摘 | Kim B J Miyamoto Y Ma Biwu | | 0,,14: | 1 |
| 20 | Pressure-induced robust emission in a zero-dimensional hybrid metal halide (C_(9)NH_(20))_(6)Pb_(3)Br_(12)显示文摘Zero-dimensional(0D)hybrid metal halides are under intensive investigation owing to their unique physical properties,such as the broadband emission from highly localized excitons that is promising for white-emitting lighting.However,fundamental understanding of emission variations and structure–property relationships is still limited.Here,by using pressure processing,we obtain robust exciton emission in 0D(C_(9)NH_(20))_(6)Pb_(3)Br_(12) at room temperature that can survive to 80 GPa,the recorded highest value among all the hybrid metal halides.In situ experimental characterization and first-principles calculations reveal that the pressure-induced emission is mainly caused by the largely suppressed phonon-assisted nonradiative pathway.Lattice compression leads to phonon hardening,which considerably weakens the exciton–phonon interaction and thus enhances the emission.The robust emission is attributed to the unique structure of separated spring-like[Pb_(3)Br_(12)]^(6−)trimers,which leads to the outstanding stability of the optically active inorganic units.Our findings not only reveal abnormally robust emission in a 0D metal halide,but also provide new insight into the design and optimization of local structures of trimers and oligomers in lowdimensional hybrid materials. | Mengting Chen Songhao Guo Kejun Bu Sujin Lee Hui Luo Yiming Wang Bingyan Liu Zhipeng Yan Hongliang Dong Wenge Yang Biwu Ma Xujie Lü | 2021 | Matter and Radiation at Extremes2021,6,5: | 1 |