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| 1 | Structural and optical properties of thermally reduced graphene oxide for energy devices显示文摘Natural intercalation of the graphite oxide, obtained as a product of Hummer's method, via ultra-sonication of water dispersed graphite oxide has been carried out to obtain graphene oxide(GO) and thermally reduced graphene oxide(RGO).Here we report the effect of metallic nitrate on the oxidation properties of graphite and then formation of metallic oxide(MO) composites with GO and RGO for the first time. We observed a change in the efficiency of the oxidation process as we replaced the conventionally used sodium nitrate with that of nickel nitrate Ni(NO_3)_2, cadmium nitrate Cd(NO_3)_2,and zinc nitrate Zn(NO_3)_2. The structural properties were investigated by x-ray diffraction and observed the successful formation of composite of MO–GO and MO–RGO(M = Zn, Cd, Ni). We sought to study the effect on the oxidation process through optical characterization via UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy.Moreover, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA) was carried out to confirm > 90% weight loss in each process thus proving the reliability of the oxidation cycles. We have found that the nature of the oxidation process of graphite powder and its optical and electrochemical characteristics can be tuned by replacing the sodium nitrate(NaNO_3) by other metallic nitrates as Cd(NO_3)_2, Ni(NO_3)_2, and Zn(NO_3)_2. On the basis of obtained results, the synthesized GO and RGO may be expected as a promising material in antibacterial activity and in electrodes fabrication for energy devices such as solar cell, fuel cell,and super capacitors. | Ayesha Jamil Faiza Mustafa Samia Aslam Usman Arshad Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmad | 2017 | Chinese Physics B2017，26，8： | 3 |
| 2 | Reverse vaccinology assisted designing of multiepitope-based subunit vaccine against SARS-CoV-2显示文摘Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)linked with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)cause severe illness and life-threatening pneumonia in humans.The current COVID-19 pandemic demands an effective vaccine to acquire protection against the infection.Therefore,the present study was aimed to design a multiepitope-based subunit vaccine(MESV)against COVID-19.Methods:Structural proteins(Surface glycoprotein,Envelope protein,and Membrane glycoprotein)of SARS-CoV-2 are responsible for its prime functions.Sequences of proteins were downloaded from GenBank and several immunoinformatics coupled with computational approaches were employed to forecast B-and T-cell epitopes from the SARS-CoV-2 highly antigenic structural proteins to design an effective MESV.Results:Predicted epitopes suggested high antigenicity,conserveness,substantial interactions with the human leukocyte antigen(HLA)binding alleles,and collective global population coverage of 88.40%.Taken together,276 amino acids long MESV was designed by connecting 3 cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTL),6 helper T lymphocyte(HTL)and 4 B-cell epitopes with suitable adjuvant and linkers.The MESV construct was non-allergenic,stable,and highly antigenic.Molecular docking showed a stable and high binding affinity of MESV with human pathogenic toll-like receptors-3(TLR3).Furthermore,in silico immune simulation revealed significant immunogenic response of MESV.Finally,MEV codons were optimized for its in silico cloning into the Escherichia coli K-12 system,to ensure its increased expression.Conclusion:The MESV developed in this study is capable of generating immune response against COVID-19.Therefore,if designed MESV further investigated experimentally,it would be an effective vaccine candidate against SARS-CoV-2 to control and prevent COVID-19. | Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar Farah Shahid Sadia Aslam Usman Ali Ashfaq Sidra Aslam Israr Fatima Muhammad Mazhar Fareed Ali Zohaib Ling-Ling Chen | 2020 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2020，9，5： | 2 |
| 3 | Treatment outcomes and adverse drug reactions among patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis receiving all-oral,long-term regimens:First record viewing report from Pakistan显示文摘Objective:To assess the effectiveness and adverse drug reactions of all-oral regimens for patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.Methods:This retrospective study was conducted at 10 Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant Tuberculosis sites in Punjab province of Pakistan.Patients receiving treatment for drug resistant tuberculosis from July 2019 to December 2020 with at least interim result i.e.6th month culture conversion or final outcomes(cured,complete,lost to follow-up,failure,death)available,were included in the study.Data was extracted from electronic data management system.For the reporting and management of adverse drug events,active tuberculosis drug safety monitoring and management was implemented across all sites.All the data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results:Out of 947 drug resistant tuberculosis patients included in this study,579(68%)of the patients had final outcomes available.Of these,384(67.9%)successfully completed their treatment.Out of 368(32%)patients who had their interim results available,all had their 6th month culture negative.Combining new medications was thought to result in serious adverse outcomes such as QT prolongation.However,this study did not record any severe adverse events among patients.Conclusions:All-oral regimens formulation guided by overall treatment effectiveness resulted in treatment outcomes comparable to those obtained with traditional injectable treatment. | Hira Aslam Asad Omar Razia Fatima Usman Rasool Aashifa Yaqoob Waseem Ullah Aamir Khan Yusra Habib Khan Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi | 2023 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2023，16，2： | 0 |
| 4 | Identification and characterization of plasma membrane aquaporins isolated from fiber cells of Calotropis procera显示文摘Calotropis procera, commonly known as 'milkweed', possesses long seed trichomes for seed dispersal and has the ability to survive under harsh conditions such as drought and salinity. Aquaporins are water channel proteins expressed in all land plants, divided into five subfamilies plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs), tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs), NOD26-like proteins (NIPs), small basic intrinsic proteins (SIPs), and the unfamiliar X intrinsic proteins (XIPs). PIPs constitute the largest group of water channel proteins that are involved in different developmental and regulatory mechanisms including water permeability, cell elongation, and stomata opening. Aquaporins are also involved in abiotic stress tolerance and cell expansion mechanisms, but their role in seed trichomes (fiber cells) has never been investigated. A large number of clones isolated from C. procera fiber cDNA library showed sequence homology to PIPs. Both expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies revealed that the transcript abundance of this gene family in fiber cells of C. procera is greater than that of cotton. Full-length cDNAs of CpPIP1 and CpPIP2 were isolated from C. procera fiber cDNA library and used for constructing plant expression vectors under constitutive (2×35S) and trichome-specific (GhLTP3) promoters. Transgenic tobacco plants were developed via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The phenotypic characteristics of the plants were observed after confirming the integration of transgene in plants. It was observed that CpPIP2 expression cassette under 2×35S and GhLTP3 promoter enhanced the numbers of stem and leave trichomes. However, 2×35S::CpPIP2 has a more amplified effect on trichome density and length than GhLTP3::CpPIP2 and other PIP constructs. These findings imply the role of C. procera PIP aquaporins in fiber cell elongation. The PIPs-derived cell expansion mechanism may be exploited through transgenic approaches for improvement of fiber staple length in cotton and boosting of defense against sucking insects by enhancing plant pubescence. | Usman ASLAM Asia KHATOON Hafiza Masooma Naseer CHEEMA Aftab BASHIR | 2013 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2013，14，7： | 0 |
| 5 | SI Engine Fueled with Gasoline, CNG and CNG-HHO Blend: Comparative Evaluation of Performance, Emission and Lubrication Oil Deterioration显示文摘Hydroxy gas (HHO) is one of the potential alternative fuels for spark ignition (SI) engine,notably due to simultaneous increase in engine performance and reduction in exhaust emissions.However,impact of HHO gas on lubrication oil for longer periods of engine operation has not yet been studied.Current study focuses on investigation of the effect of gasoline,CNG and CNG-HHO blend on lubrication oil deterioration along with engine performance and emissions in SI engine.HHO unit produces HHO gas at 4.72 L/min by using 6 g/L of KOH in the aqueous solution.CNG was supplied to the test engine at a pressure of 0.11 MPa using an electronically controlled solenoid valve.Engine tests were carried out at different speeds at 80%open throttle condition and various performance parameters such as brake power (BP),brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC),brake thermal efficiency (BTE),exhaust gas temperature and exhaust emissions (HC,CO_(2),CO and NO_(x))were investigated.In addition,various lubrication oil samples were extracted over 120 h of engine running while topping for drain out volume and samples were analyzed as per ASTM standards.CNG-HHO blend exhibited better performance i.e.,15.4%increase in average BP in comparison to CNG,however,15.1%decrease was observed when compared to gasoline.CNG-HHO outperformed gasoline and CNG in the case of HC,CO_(2),CO and brake specific fuel consumption (31.1%decrease in comparison to gasoline).On the other hand,CNG-HHO produced higher average NO_(x) (12.9%) when compared to CNG only.Furthermore,lubrication oil condition(kinematic viscosity,water contents,flash point and total base number (TBN)),wear debris (Iron (Fe),Aluminum(Al),Copper (Cu),Chromium (Cr)) and additives depletion (Zinc (Zn),Calcium (Ca)) presented a significant degradation in the case of CNG-HHO blend as compared to gasoline and CNG.Lubrication oil analyses illustrated 19.6%,12.8%and 14.2%decrease in average viscosity,flash point and TBN for CNG-HHO blend respectively.However,average water contents,Fe,Al and Cu mass concentration appeared 2.7%,25×10^(-6),19×10^(-6),and 22×10^(-6) in lubrication oil for CNG-HHO respectively. | USMAN Muhammad HAYAT Nasir BHUTTA Muhammad Mahmood Aslam | 2021 | Journal of Thermal Science2021，30，4： | 0 |
| 6 | Energy and flux measurements of laser-induced silver plasma ions by using Faraday cup显示文摘Silver(Ag)plasma has been generated by employing Nd:YAG laser(532 nm,6 ns)laser irradiation.The energy and flux of ions have been evaluated by using Faraday cup(FC)using time of flight(TOF)measurements.The dual peak signals of fast and slow Ag plasma ions have been identified.Both energy and flux of fast and slow ions tend to increase with increasing irradiance from 7 GW cm-2 to 17.9 GW cm-2 at all distances of FC from the target surface.Similarly a decreasing trend of energies and flux of ions has been observed with increasing distance of FC from the target.The maximum value of flux of the fast component is21.2×10^(10) cm^(-2),whereas for slow ions the maximum energy and flux values are 8.8 keV,8.2×10^(10) cm^(-2) respectively.For the analysis of plume expansion dynamics,the angular distribution of ion flux measurement has also been performed.The overall analysis of both spatial and angular distributions of Ag ions revealed that the maximum flux of Ag plasma ions has been observed at an optimal angle of~15°.In order to confirm the ion acceleration by ambipolar field,the self-generated electric field(SGEF)measurements have also been performed by electric probe;these SGEF measurements tend to increase by increasing laser irradiance.The maximum value of 232 V m^(-1) has been obtained at a maximum laser irradiance of 17.9 GW cm^(-2). | Muhammad Usman Aslam BHATTI Shazia BASHIR Asma HAYAT Khaliq MAHMOOD Rana AYUB Mubashir JAVED Muhammad Shahzad KHAN | 2021 | Plasma Science and Technology2021，23，8： | 0 |
| 7 | Tocilizumab in severe COVID-19-A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial显示文摘Background:The therapeutic effectiveness of interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor in critically ill hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is uncertain.Methods:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the outcome as recovery or death of tocilizumab for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)infection,we conducted a randomized,double-blinded,placebo-controlled phase 2 trial in critically ill COVID-19 adult patients.The patients were randomly assigned in a 4:1 ratio to receive standard medical treatment plus the recommended dose of either tocilizumab or the placebo drug.Randomization was stratified.The primary outcome was the recovery or death after administration of tocilizumab or a placebo drug.The secondary outcomes were clinical recovery or worsening of the patients’symptoms and inflammatory markers and discharge from the hospital.Results:Of 190 patients included in this study,152 received tocilizumab,and 38 received a placebo.The duration of hospital stay of the interventional group was 12.9±9.2,while the placebo group had a more extended hospital stay(15.6±8.8).The mortality ratio for the primary outcome,ie,mortality or recovery in the tocilizumab group was 17.8%;p=0.58 by log-rank test).The mortality ratio in the placebo group was 76.3%;p=0.32 by log-rank test).The inflammatory markers in the tocilizumab group significantly declined by day 16 compared to the placebo group.Conclusions:The use of tocilizumab was associated with decreased mortality,earlier improvement of inflamma-tory markers,and reduced hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19. | Muhammad Irfan Malik Sardar Al Fareed Zafar Fabiha Qayyum Muna Malik Muhammad Sohaib Asghar Muhammad Junaid Tahir Ammarah Arshad Fatima Khalil Hafiza Shafia Naz Mudassar Aslam Jodat Saleem Abdul Aziz Mustafa Usman Azhar Muhammad Naqash Zohaib Yousaf | 2022 | Infectious Medicine2022，1，2： | 0 |
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