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| 1 | Apple dwarfing rootstocks exhibit an imbalance in carbohydrate allocation and reduced cell growth and metabolism显示文摘Apple dwarfing rootstocks cause earlier shoot termination and reduced root and shoot mass.To identify physiological factors responsible for rootstock-induced growth restriction,we compared vascular-enriched gene expression between two dwarfing rootstocks(‘M27’and‘M9’)and the vigorous rootstock‘M793’using RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.Differentially expressed genes common to both dwarfing rootstocks belonged to five main biological processes:(1)primary metabolism,(2)cell wall synthesis and modification,(3)secondary metabolism,(4)hormone signalling and response and(5)redox homeostasis.Genes promoting the biosynthesis of amino acids,lipids and cell walls were downregulated in dwarfing rootstocks,whereas genes promoting the breakdown of these compounds were upregulated.The only exception to this trend was the upregulation of starch synthesis genes in dwarfing rootstocks.Non-structural carbohydrate analysis demonstrated that starch concentrations in‘M9’roots,stems and grafted‘Royal Gala’(‘RG’)scions were double that of equivalent tissues from‘RG’homo-grafted trees(‘RG’/‘RG’).Fructose and glucose concentrations were much lower in all three tissues of the‘RG’/‘M9’trees.Together,these data indicate that dwarfing rootstocks are in a state of sugar depletion and reduced cellular activity despite having large starch reserves.Another significant finding was the over-accumulation of flavonoids and the downregulation of auxin influx transporters MdAUX1 and MdLAX2 in dwarfing rootstocks.We propose that both factors reduce polar auxin transport.The results of this study contribute novel information about the physiological state of dwarfing rootstocks. | Toshi M Foster Peter A McAtee Chethi N Waite Helen L Boldingh Tony K McGhie | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 4 |
| 2 | Observation of ground movements guring tunnel construction by slurry shield method at the Docklands light railway Lewisham extension-east London 显示文摘 | Tadashi S Toshituki H Toshi N | 1999 | Soils and foundations1999，39，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Shield tunnel construc- tion in centrifuge 显示文摘 | Toshi N Shiniehiro I Toshiyuki H | 1999 | Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenviron-mental Engineering1999，125，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Riming growth process contributing to the formation of snowfall in orographic areas of Japan facing the Japan Sea显示文摘 | Toshi H Yasumi N | 1999 | Journal of the Meteo Sic of Japan1999，77，1： | 1 |
| 5 | New Passive Traffic Detector显示文摘 | Erik B Park G Toshi N | 1997 | IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference1997，，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Five isoprenoid-substi- tuted flavonoids from Glycyrrhiza eurycarpa 显示文摘 | TOSHI F JUNKO N TARO N | 1994 | Phy- tochemistry1994，35，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Induction of protective immunity to Listeria monocytogenes with dendritic cells retrovirally transduced with a cytotoxic T lymphocyte显示文摘 | Takafumi S Toshi N | 2003 | Epitope Minigene Infect Immun2003，71，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Optimal Backup Policies for a Database System with Incremental Backup显示文摘 | Qian Cunhua Syouji N ToshI/O N | 2002 | Fundamental Electronic Science2002，85，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Shield tunnel constructionin centrifuge 显示文摘 | Toshi N Shinichiro I Toshiyuki H | 1999 | Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering1999，125，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Shield tunnel construction in centrifuge 显示文摘 | TOSHI N SHINICHIRO I TOSHIYUKI H | 1999 | Journal of Geotechnical and Geoemironmental Engineering1999，125，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Molecular cloning and characterization of a novel UDP-GlcNAc:GalNAc-peptide β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyhransferase (β3Gn-T6), an enzyme synthesizing the core 3 structure of O-Glycans显示文摘 | Toshie I Niro I Andreas N | 2002 | J Biol Chem2002，277，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Shield tunnel construction in centrifuge显示文摘 | Shinichiro I Toshiyuki H | 1999 | Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering1999，125，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Observation of ground movements during tunnel construction by slurry shield method at the Docklands light railway Lewisham extensioneast London 显示文摘 | TADASHI S TOSHITUKI H TOSHI N | 1999 | Soils and Foundations1999，39，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Optimal Backup Policies for a Database System with Incremental Backup显示文摘 | Qian Cunhua Syouji N ToshI/O N | 2002 | Fundamental Electronic Science2002，85，4： | 1 |
| 15 | An Electromagnetically Actuated Vacuum Circuit Breaker Developed by Electromagnetic Analysis Coupled with Motion 显示文摘 | TOSHIE T TAKAFUMI N MITSURU T | 2004 | IEEJ Trans PE2004，124，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Role of interlerkin--4 and vascular call adhesion molecule-1 in selective ecsinophil migration into the airways in allergic asthma 显示文摘 | Takeshi F Yaxutsugu F Toshi N | 1996 | Amj Respir Cell Mol Biol1996，14，： | 1 |
| 17 | Structural variation in manganase complexes: synthesis and characterization of manganese complexes from carboxylate-containing chelating ligands 显示文摘 | Hitoshi I Toshi N | 1998 | Inorganic Chemistry1998，37，18： | 1 |
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