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| 1 | Carotenoid Metabolism in Plants: The Role ol Plastids显示文摘 | Tianhu Sun Hui Yuan Hongbo Cao Mohammad Yazdani Yaakov Tadmor Li Li | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，1： | 33 |
| 2 | Clp Protease and OR Directly Control the Proteostasis of Phytoene Synthase, the Crucial Enzyme for Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis显示文摘Phytoene synthase (PSY ) 是在类胡萝卜素 biosynthetic 小径的关键 plastidial 酶。然而,它的 translational 以后规定留下逃犯。同样, Clp 朊酶组成质体朊酶网络的中央部分,但是它为降级的底层不是众所周知的。在这研究,我们报导 PSY 是 Clp 朊酶的底层。PSY 被揭开身体上与各种各样的 Clp 朊酶子单元交往(即, ClpS1, ClpC1,和 ClpD ) 。在 clpc1, clpp4,和 clpr1-2 异种的 PSY 和几另外的 carotenogenic 酶蛋白质 overaccumulate 高级。overaccumulated PSY 被发现部分酶地活跃。在 clpc1 的 Clp 活动的缺陷导致 PSY 蛋白质周转的减少的率,进一步在降级的 PSY 支持 Clp 朊酶的角色蛋白质。在另一方面, ORANGE (或) 蛋白质,有 holdase 女伴活动的 PSY 的一个主要 translational 以后管理者,提高 PSY 蛋白质稳定性并且在 clpc1 增加 PSY 的酶地活跃的比例, counterbalancing 在维持 PSY 蛋白质动态平衡的调停 Clp 的解朊作用。一起,这些调查结果提供新奇卓见进质体局部性的蛋白质的质量控制并且建立迄今未辩别出的 translational 以后在在植物的 modulating 类胡萝卜素生合成的 carotenogenic 酶的规章的机制。 | Ralf Welsch Xiangjun Zhou Hui Yuan Daniel Alvarez Tianhu Sun Dennis Schlossarek Yong Yang Guoxin Shen Hong Zhang Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion Theodore W. Thannhauser Li Li | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，1： | 10 |
| 3 | OR^His, a Natural Variant of OR, Specifically Interacts with Plastid Division Factor ARC3 to Regulate Chromoplast Number and Carotenoid Accumulation显示文摘Chromoplasts are colored plastids that synthesize and store massive amounts of carotenoids.Chromoplast number and size define the sink strength for carotenoid accumulation in plants.However,nothing is known about the mechanisms controlling chromoplast number.Previously,a natural allele of Orange(OR),OR^His,was found to promote carotenoid accumulation by activating chromoplast differentiation and increasing carotenoid biosynthesis,but cells in orange tissues in melon fruit and cauliflower OR mutant have only one or two enlarged chromoplasts.In this study,we investigated an OR^His variant of Arabidopsis OR,genetically mimicking the melon OR^His allele,and found that it also constrains chromoplast number in Arabidopsis calli.Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that OR^His specifically interacts with the Membrane Occupation and Recognition Nexus domain of ACCUMULATION AND REPLICATION OF CHLOROPLASTS 3(ARC3),a crucial regulator of chloroplast division.We further showed that OR^His interferes with the interaction between ARC3 and PARALOG OF ARC6(PARC6),another key regulator of chloroplast division,suggesting a role of OR^His in competing with PARC6 for binding to ARC3 to restrict chromoplast number.Overexpression or knockout of ARC3 in Arabidopsis OR^His plants significantly alters total carotenoid levels.Moreover,overexpression of the plastid division factor PLASTID DIVISION 1 greatly enhances carotenoid accumulation.These division factors likely alter carotenoid levels via their influence on chromoplast number and/or size.Taken together,our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the machinery controlling chromoplast number and highlight a potential new strategy for enhancing carotenoid accumulation and nutritional value in food crops. | Tianhu Sun Hui Yuan Cheng Chen Deena K.Kadirjan-Kalbach Michael Mazourek Katherine W.Osteryoung Li Li | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，6： | 4 |
| 4 | Comparative transcriptome analyses shed light on carotenoid production and plastid development in melon fruit显示文摘Carotenoids,such asβ-carotene,accumulate in chromoplasts of various fleshy fruits,awarding them with colors,aromas,and nutrients.The Orange(CmOr)gene controlsβ-carotene accumulation in melon fruit by posttranslationally enhancing carotenogenesis and repressingβ-carotene turnover in chromoplasts.Carotenoid isomerase(CRTISO)isomerizes yellow prolycopene into red lycopene,a prerequisite for further metabolism intoβ-carotene.We comparatively analyzed the developing fruit transcriptomes of orange-colored melon and its two isogenic EMS-induced mutants,low-β(Cmor)and yofi(Cmcrtiso).The Cmor mutation in low-βcaused a major transcriptomic change in the mature fruit.In contrast,the Cmcrtiso mutation in yofi significantly changed the transcriptome only in early fruit developmental stages.These findings indicate that melon fruit transcriptome is primarily altered by changes in carotenoid metabolic flux and plastid conversion,but minimally by carotenoid composition in the ripe fruit.Clustering of the differentially expressed genes into functional groups revealed an association between fruit carotenoid metabolic flux with the maintenance of the photosynthetic apparatus in fruit chloroplasts.Moreover,large numbers of thylakoid localized photosynthetic genes were differentially expressed in low-β.CmOR family proteins were found to physically interact with light-harvesting chlorophyll a–b binding proteins,suggesting a new role of CmOR for chloroplast maintenance in melon fruit.This study brings more insights into the cellular and metabolic processes associated with fruit carotenoid accumulation in melon fruit and reveals a new maintenance mechanism of the photosynthetic apparatus for plastid development. | Noam Chayut Hui Yuan Yuval Saar Yi Zheng Tianhu Sun Xuesong Zhou Anna Hermanns Elad Oren Adi Faigenboim Maixia Hui Zhangjun Fei Michael Mazourek Joseph Burger Yaakov Tadmor Li Li | 2021 | Horticulture Research2021，8，1： | 3 |
| 5 | Transformation relationship among different magnetic minerals within loess-paleosol sediments of the Chinese Loess Plateau显示文摘The dominant magnetic minerals and carriers of magnetic signals within the Chinese Loess Plateau are magnetite, maghemite, hematite, and goethite. In this study, we investigated the provenance and evo- lution of magnetic minerals during loess pedogenesis, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical and electron microscopy, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high- resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results reveal that single- and multiphase mineral assemblages among magnetic minerals in the loess-paleosol sequence have been formed. Partial oxidation of coarse eolian magnetite has occurred in the desert source area and the oxidation degree is enhanced after deposition of the dust upon the Chinese Loess Plateau. This mode of origin resulted in a microtexture consisting of an inner magnetite core surrounded by a hematite rim, and strongly affected the magnetic characteristics of the loess. Goethite coexists with hematite in the loess and paleosol, and nanometer-scale hematite is formed upon goethite rims via dehydration. Our study provides direct mineralogical evidence of the magnetic record and paleoclimatic implications of the loess–paleosol sequence of the Chinese Loess Plateau. | XIE QiaoQin CHEN TianHu XU XiaoChun QING ChengSong XU HuiFang SUN YuBing JI JunFeng | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，3： | 2 |
| 6 | Plant carotenoids: recent advances and future perspectives显示文摘Carotenoids are isoprenoid metabolites synthesized de novo in all photosynthetic organisms.Carotenoids are essential for plants with diverse functions in photosynthesis,photoprotection,pigmentation,phytohormone synthesis,and signaling.They are also critically important for humans as precursors of vitamin A synthesis and as dietary antioxidants.The vital roles of carotenoids to plants and humans have prompted significant progress toward our understanding of carotenoid metabolism and regulation.New regulators and novel roles of carotenoid metabolites are continuously revealed.This review focuses on current status of carotenoid metabolism and highlights recent advances in comprehension of the intrinsic and multi-dimensional regulation of carotenoid accumulation.We also discuss the functional evolution of carotenoids,the agricultural and horticultural application,and some key areas for future research. | Tianhu Sun Sombir Rao Xuesong Zhou Li Li | 2022 | Molecular Horticulture2022，2，1： | 2 |
| 7 | Multi-strategy engineering greatly enhances provitamin A carotenoid accumulation and stability in Arabidopsis seeds显示文摘Staple grains with low levels of provitamin A carotenoids contribute to the global prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and therefore are the main targets for provitamin A biofortification.However,carotenoid stability during both seed maturation and postharvest storage is a serious concern for the full benefits of carotenoid biofortified grains.In this study,we utilized Arabidopsis as a model to establish car-otenoid biofortification strategies in seeds.We discovered that manipulation of carotenoid biosynthetic activity by seed-specific expression of Phytoene synthase(PSY)increases both provitamin A and total carotenoid levels but the increased carotenoids are prone to degradation during seed maturation and storage,consistent with previous studies of provitamin A biofortified grains.In contrast,stacking with Orange(OR^(His)),a gene that initiates chromopl ast biogenesis,dramatically enhances provitamin A and total carotenoid content and stability.Up to 65-and 10-fold increases of β-carotene and total car-otenoids,res pectively,with provitamin A carotenoids composing over 63%were observed in the seeds containing OR^(His) and PSY.Co-expression of Homogen tisate geranylgeranyl transferase(HGGT)with OR^(His) and PSY further increases carotenoid accumulation and stability during seed maturation and storage.Moreover,knocking-out of B-carotene hydroxylase 2(BCH2)by CRISPR/Cas9 not only potentially facilitates β-carotene accumulation but also minimizes the negative effect of carotenoid over production on seed germi nation.Our findings provide new insights into various processes on carotenoid accu-mulation and stability in seeds and establish a multiplexed strategy to simultaneously target carotenoid biosynthesis,turnover,and stable storage for carotenoid biofortification in crop seeds. | Tianhu Sun Qinlong Zhu Ziqing Wei Lauren AOwens Tara Fish Hyojin Kim Theodore W.Thannhauser Edgar B.Cahoon Li Li | 2021 | aBIOTECH2021，2，3： | 2 |
| 8 | Genesis of Strata-bound Sulfide Orebodies in the Tongling Polymetallic Mineralization Cluster, SE China: Evidence from Colloform Pyrite显示文摘Colloform pyrite(CPy)is widely distributed in the Tongling mineralization cluster of the Middle-Lower Yangtze River Mineralization Belt(MLYRMB),China.There have many debates as to whether such CPy is associated with Late Mesozoic igneous or Carboniferous sedimentation.CPy from the Xinqiao deposit,a representative of the stratabound sulfide deposits in the MLYRMB,was studied by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results show that CPy mainly comprises pyrite,pyrrhotite,quartz,and illite.Pyrite in CPy shows cubic,globule,and xenomorphic morphologies.No octahedral or pyritohedron was observed.Most of the quartz crystals display xenomorphic morphology,where pyrite mold are popular on the surface.Organic matter(OM),which is usually bound to illite,is an important component in CPy.Morphological investigations which exhibit detrital features of quartz and clay minerals indicate that they were derived from continental weathering.Specially,some hexagonal pyrrhotite nanoparticles which show mackinawite morphology are coexisted with OM.The results indicate that the transformation process of sulfides possibly is mackinawite(the precursor)—hexagonal pyrrhotite-pyrite.Thus,compositional and micro-textural characteristics of CPy in Xinqiao deposit suggest it to be a sedimentary origin rather than a hydrothermal origin which is associated with Yanshanian magmatism.Moreover,the coexistence of CPy and stratabound sulfide orebodies in the MLYRMB suggests a causal link between the two.It is considered that CPy might have served as a Cu mineralization geochemical barrier for the Cu-bearing ore-forming fluids,which originated from the Mesozoic magma in the MLYRMB. | XU Liang XIE Qiaoqin CHEN Tianhu XU Xiaochun ZHOU Yuefei SUN Shaohua CHEN Ping | 2020 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2020，94，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Co-chaperoning of chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis by ORANGE family proteins in plants显示文摘Chlorophylls and carotenoids are essential photosynthetic pigments.Plants spatiotemporally coordinate the needs of chlorophylls and carotenoids for optimal photosynthesis and fitness in response to diverse environmental and developmental cues.However,how the biosynthesis pathways of these two pigments are coordinated,particularly at posttranslational level to allow rapid control,remains largely unknown.Here,we report that the highly conserved ORANGE(OR)family proteins coordinate both pathways via posttranslationally mediating the first committed enzyme in each pathway.We demonstrate that OR family proteins physically interact with magnesium chelatase subunit I(CHLI)in chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway in addition to phytoene synthase(PSY)in carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and concurrently stabilize CHLI and PSY enzymes.We show that loss of OR genes hinders both chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis,limits light-harvesting complex assembly,and impairs thylakoid grana stacking in chloroplasts.Overexpression of OR safeguards photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis and enhances thermotolerance in both Arabidopsis and tomato plants.Our findings establish a novel mechanism by which plants coordinate chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis and provide a potential genetic target to generate climate-resilient crops. | Tianhu Sun Peng Wang Sombir Rao Xuesong Zhou Emalee Wrightstone Shan Lu Hui Yuan Yong Yang Tara Fish Theodore Thannhauser Jiping Liu Michael Mazourek Bernhard Grimm Li Li | 2023 | Molecular Plant2023，16，6： | 0 |
| 10 | Involvement of cytokinins in STOP1-mediated resistance to proton toxicity显示文摘STOP1(sensitive to proton rhizotoxicity1)is a master transcription factor that governs the expression of a set of regulatory and structural genes involved in resistance to aluminum and low pH(i.e.,proton)stresses in Arabidopsis.However,the mechanisms and regulatory networks underlying STOP1-mediated resistance to proton stresses are largely unclear.Here,we report that low-pH stresses severely inhibited root growth of the stop1 plants by suppressing root meristem activities.Interestingly,the stop1 plants were less sensitive to exogenous cytokinins at normal and low pHs than the wild type.Significantly,low concentrations of cytokinins promoted root growth of the stop1 mutant under low-pH stresses.Moreover,lateral and adventitious root formation was stimulated in stop1 and by low-pH stresses but suppressed by cytokinins.Further studies of the expression patterns of a cytokinin signaling reporter suggest that both the loss-of-function mutation of STOP1 and low-pH stresses suppressed cytokinin signaling outputs in the root.Furthermore,the expression of critical genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis,biodegradation,and signaling is altered in the stop1 mutant in response to low-pH stresses.In conclusion,our results reveal a complex network of resistance to low-pH stresses,which involves coordinated actions of STOP1,cytokinins,and an additional low-pH-resistant mechanism for controlling root meristem activities and root growth upon proton stresses. | Fei Jiang Sangbom M.Lyi Tianhu Sun Li Li Tao Wang Jiping Liu | 2022 | Stress Biology2022，2，1： | 0 |
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