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| 1 | Aetiology of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease:A systematic review显示文摘BACKGROUND Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease(LCPD) is a clinical condition affecting the femoral head of children during their growth. Its prevalence is set to be between 0.4/100000 to 29.0/100000 children less than 15 years of age with a peak of incidence in children aged from 4 years to 8 years. LCPD aetiology has been widely studied, but it is still poorly understood.AIM To analyse the available literature to document the up-to-date evidence on LCPD aetiology.METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed regarding LCPD aetiology,using the following inclusion criteria: studies of any level of evidence, reporting clinical or preclinical results and dealing with the aetiology or pathogenesis of LCPD. Two reviewers searched the PubMed and Science Direct databases from their date of inception to the 20th of May 2018 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. To achieve the maximum sensitivity of the search strategy, we combined the terms: ‘‘Perthes disease OR LCPD OR children avascular femoral head necrosis' with 'pathology OR aetiology OR biomechanics OR genetics' as either key words or MeSH terms.RESULTS We include 64 articles in this review. The available evidence on LCPD aetiology is still debated. Several hypotheses have been researched, but none of them was found decisive. While emerging evidence showed the role of environmental risk factors and evidence from twin studies did not support a major role for genetic factors, a congenital or acquired predisposition cannot be excluded in disease pathogenesis. One of the most supported theories involved mechanical induced ischemia that evolved into avascular necrosis of the femoral head in sensible patients.CONCLUSION The literature available on the aetiology of LCPD presents major limitations in terms of great heterogeneity and a lack of high-profile studies. Although a lot of studies focused on the genetic, biomechanical and radiological background of the disease, there is a lack of consensus on one or multiple major actors of the etiopathogenesis. More studies are needed to understand the complex and multifactorial genesis of the avascular necrosis characterizing the disease. | Vito Pavone Emanuele Chisari Andrea Vescio Claudio Lizzio Giuseppe Sessa Gianluca Testa | 2019 | World Journal of Orthopedics2019，10，3： | 7 |
| 2 | Marine propellers performance and flow-field prediction by a free-wake panel method显示文摘A Boundary Element Method(BEM) hydrodynamics combined with a flow-alignment technique to evaluate blades shed vorticity is presented and applied to a marine propeller in open water. Potentialities and drawbacks of this approach in capturing propeller performance, slipstream velocities, blade pressure distribution and pressure disturbance in the flow-field are highlighted by comparisons with available experiments and RANSE results. In particular, correlations between the shape of the convected vortexsheet and the accuracy of BEM results are discussed throughout the paper. To this aim, the analysis of propeller thrust and torque is the starting point towards a detailed discussion on the capability of a 3-D free-wake BEM hydrodynamic approach to describe the local features of the flow-field behind the propeller disk, in view of applications to propulsive configurations where the shed wake plays a dominant role. | GRECO Luca MUSCARI Roberto TESTA Claudio DI MASCIO Andrea | 2014 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2014，26，5： | 4 |
| 3 | Arthroereisis in juvenile flexible flatfoot:Which device should we implant?A systematic review of literature published in the last 5 years显示文摘BACKGROUND Flexible flatfoot(FFF)is a very common condition in children,characterized by the loss of the medial arch and by an increase in the support base with valgus of the hindfoot.Arthroereisis(AR)procedures are widely performed corrective surgeries and are classified as subtalar AR and calcaneo-stop(CS).AIM We investigated the literature published in the last 5 years with the aim of providing an update on the evidence related to AR treatment in FFF patients.We report the principal findings of subtalar AR and CS procedures concerning clinical and radiological outcomes and complication rates in the general population,young athletes,and obese people according to material device.METHODS Following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses,a systematic review of studies published in the past 5 years and included the PubMed and Science Direct databases was performed on May 6,2020.The research string used was(pediatric OR children OR Juvenile NOT adult)AND(flexible NOT rigid)AND(flat foot OR pes planus)AND(calcaneo-Stop OR arthroereisis OR subtalar extra-articular screw OR SESA OR subtalar arthroereisis OR endosinotarsal).The risk of bias assessment was performed using the Dutch checklist form for prognosis.RESULTS A total of 47 articles were found.Ultimately,after reading the full text and checking reference lists,we selected 17 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.A total of 1864 FFFs were identified.Eight studies concerned the subtalar AR(47.1%)and nine concerning CS(52.9%).The average age of patients at start of treatment was 11.8 years,the average follow-up of the studies was 71.9 mo(range 29.1-130).Globally,complications occurred in 153 of the 1864 FFF treated,with a rate of 8.2%.CONCLUSION Both AR procedures are valid surgical techniques for treating FFF.Surgeon experience,implant cost,and cosmetic correction are the most common considerations included in the orthopedic device decision-making process.In obese patients,the subtalar AR is not recommended.In adolescents who need to improve sports performance,the CS screw had better results compared with other implants. | Andrea Vescio Gianluca Testa Mirko Amico Claudio Lizzio Marco Sapienza Piero Pavone Vito Pavone | 2021 | World Journal of Orthopedics2021，12，6： | 3 |
| 4 | Vitreous Substitutes: The Present and the Future显示文摘 | Simone Donati Simona Maria Caprani Giulia Airaghi Riccardo Vinciguerra Luigi Bartalena Francesco Testa Cesare Mariotti Giovanni Porta Francesca Simonelli Claudio Azzolini Mario R. Romano | 2014 | BioMed Research International2014，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Germinal center dysregulation by histone methyltransferase EZH2 promotes lymphomagenesis显示文摘 | Caganova Marieta Carrisi Chiara Varano Gabriele Mainoldi Federica Zanardi Federica Germain Pierre-Luc George Laura Alberghini Federica Ferrarini Luca Talukder Asoke K Ponzoni Maurilio Testa Giuseppe Nojima Takuya Doglioni Claudio Kitamura D | 2013 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2013，，： | 1 |
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