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| 1 | Phyto-availability and speciation change of heavy metals in soils amended with lignin as micro-fertilizer显示文摘Lignin is a primary byproduct from the black liquor treatment in paper making industries, its application as micro-fertilizer in agricultural land might provide a promising alternative to sewage discharge. However, application of such a micro-fertilizer might affect the soil properties and result in soil pollution. In this study, the effects of lignin application on phytoavailability and speciation change of heavy metals in soils were investigated. Greenhouse experiments showed that lignin application improved the growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in all three soils investigated. The increase of the biomass for wheat shoot was 59.7%, 39.8% and 12.3% for Beijing soil, Jiangxi soil and Dongbei soil, respectively. In contrast, lignin amendment decreased the concentrations of heavy metals in wheat shoots from 2.2% to 61.0%. Sequential extraction procedure of a three-step BCR was used to investigate the fraction distribution. The extractable fractions were specified as fraction B1: water soluble, exchangeable and carbonate bound or weakly specifically adsorbed; B2: Fe-Mn oxide bound; B3: organic matter and sulfide bound. The results showed that lignin application led to the redistribution of heavy metals in each fraction. Generally, heavy metals decreased in B1 and B2 fractions and increased in B3 fraction. Upon the results short-term application of lignin in agricultural land not only improves the growth of wheat but also reduces the phyto-abailability of heavy metal in wheat. | WANG Songxue, ZHANG Shuzhen, SHAN Xiaoquan & MU Huanzhen Stale Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China Science Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing 100037, China | 2005 | Science China(Life Sciences)2005，48，z1： | 3 |
| 2 | The environmental fate of phthalate esters: a literature review显示文摘 | Stales C A Peterson D R Parkerton T F Adams W J | 1997 | Chemosphere1997，35，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Feed intake, growth, and protein utilisation by post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in response to graded levels of fish protein hydrolysate in the diet显示文摘 | Stale R Jan J | 2004 | Aquaculture2004，，： | 1 |
| 4 | The environmental fate of phthalate esters: a literature review 显示文摘 | Stales C A Peterson D R Parkerton T F Adams W J | 1997 | Chemosphere1997，35，4： | 1 |
| 5 | The environmental fate of phthalate esters-a literature review 显示文摘 | stales C A Peterson D R Parkerton T F | 1997 | Chemosphere1997，35，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Decreased seizure activity in a human neonate treated with bumetanide, an inhibitor of thc Na( + )-K( + )-2Cl(-) eotransporter NKCCI 显示文摘 | Kahle KT Barnett SM Sassower KC Stale' KJ | 2009 | J Child Neurol2009，24，5： | 1 |
| 7 | A review of instruments assessing creative and innovative environments with in organizations 显示文摘 | Gro Ellen Mathisen Stale Einarsen | 2004 | Creativity Research Journal2004，16，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Potato protein concentrate with low content of solanidine glycoalkaloids in diets for Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)显示文摘 | Stale Refstie Harold A J Tiekstra | 2003 | Aquaculture2003，216，14： | 1 |
| 9 | Lactic acid fermentation eliminates indigestible carbohydrates and antinutritional factors in soybean meal for Atlantic salmon显示文摘 | STALE R STEFAN S ERLAND B | 2005 | Aquaculture2005，，246： | 1 |
| 10 | The environmental fate of phthalate esters:a literature review显示文摘 | STALES C A PETERSON D R PARKERTON T F | 1997 | Chemosphere1997，35，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors(PPAR) in atherosclerosis显示文摘 | Neve BP Fruchart Stales B | 2000 | Biochemical Pharmacology2000，60，： | 1 |
| 12 | Lactic acid fermentation eliminates indigestible carbohydrates and antinutritional factors in soybean meal for Atlantic salmon显示文摘 | Stefan S Erland B | 2005 | Aquaculture2005，246，： | 1 |
| 13 | Feed consumption and conversion in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) feddiets with fish meal, extracted soybean meal or soy- bean meal with reduced content of oligosaccharides, trypsin inhibitors,lectins and soya antigens 显示文摘 | Stale R Trond S Andries J R | 1998 | Aq- uaculture1998，162，34： | 1 |
| 14 | The environmental fate of phthalate esters:A literature review显示文摘 | Stale C A Peterson D R Parkenton T F | 1997 | Chemosphere1997，35，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Compliance and diameter in the human abdominal aorta-the influence of age and sex显示文摘 | Sonesson B Hansen F Stale H | 1993 | Eur J Vasc Surg1993，7，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Feed consumption and conversion in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets with fish meal,extracted soybean meal or soybean meal with reduced content of oligosaccharides,trysin inhibitors,lectins and soya antigens显示文摘 | STALE R TROND S RIES J | 1998 | Aquac1998，162，1： | 1 |
| 17 | The effects of dietary supplementation with marmanoligosaeeharide, fructooligosaccharide or galactooligosaccharide on the growth and feed utilization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)显示文摘 | BARBARA G H STALE J H DELBERT M G | 2008 | Aquaculture2008，283，： | 1 |
| 18 | The environmental fate of phthalate esters:A literature review 显示文摘 | Stales C A Peterson D R Parkerton T F | 1997 | Chemosphere1997，35，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Shift work disorder in nurses-assessment, prevalence, and related health problems显示文摘 | Elisabeth F Stale P NILS M | 2012 | Plos One2012，7，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Role of the peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors ( PPAR ) in atherosclerosis 显示文摘 | Neve BP Fruchart JC Stales B | 2000 | Biochemical Pharmacology2000，60，： | 1 |
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