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| 1 | Hepatitis B virus therapy:What's the future holding for us?显示文摘Hepatitis B is one of the leading causes of liver cancer worldwide and unfortunately the number of people affected with hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection is still on the rise. Although the HBV has been known to cause fatal illness since decades but the population effected by this lethal virus have still only a few options for its management. The major treatment strategies include interferons and nucleos(t)ide analogues. These agents have so far produced unsatisfactory results in terms of complete virus eradication. Interferons cannot be used for long term therapy because of their potential side effects. Prolong treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues has also been reported to cause serious side effects besides the increasing resistance by the virus. The need for new innovative solutions for treatment of HBV has been realized by global research institutes and pharmaceutical industry. Present review focuses in detail on the new ideas that are being transformed into therapeutic tools for use as future therapies in HBV infection. Modern drug designing and screening methods have made the drug discovery process shorter and more reliable. HBV therapeutics will take a new turn in coming years owing to these intelligent drug designing and screening methods. Future therapy of HBV is aiming to include the use of vaccines(both prophylactic and therapeutic), immunomodulators such as antibodies, non-nucleoside antivirals such as RNAi and inhibitors of viral life cycle. | Sobia Manzoor Muhammad Saalim Muhammad Imran Saleha Resham Javed Ashraf | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，44： | 9 |
| 2 | Association of subclinical hypothyroidism and phenotype, insulin resistance, and lipid parameters in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome显示文摘 | Mohd Ashraf Ganie Bashir Ahmad Laway Tariq Ahmed Wani Mohd Afzal Zargar Sobia Nisar Feroze Ahamed M.L. Khurana Sanjeed Ahmed | 2011 | Fertility and Sterility2011，，6： | 2 |
| 3 | Aerosol - assisted chemical vapour deposition of WO3 thin films using polyoxometallate precursors and their gas sensing properties 显示文摘 | Sobia Ashraf Christopher S Blackman Robert G Palgrave | 2007 | Journal of Materials Chemistry2007，17，： | 1 |
| 4 | Application of GIS for the identification and demarcation of selective heavy metal concentrations in the urban groundwater显示文摘地下水是喝水的最适当、广泛地使用的来源,它被污染逐渐地从工业、农业的活动威胁。检查这个问题的严厉, 156 件地下水样品在 Faisalabad 城市里从 52 个不同地区的各种各样的深度( 60110 英尺)被收集,在巴基斯坦的第三个最大的宗主国,并且为金属分析了( Zn , Cu , Cd , Ni , Pb , Mn 和 Fe )在 2009 的集中。Quantification 被使用原子吸收分光光度计技术和结果与为喝的标准谁浇质量相比的火焰做。当 Zn, Cd, Ni 和 Pb 的集中在安全的喝的水的推荐层次上面时,结果证明 Cu, Mn 和 Fe 的层次在 WHO 标准下面。在这些重金属的出现之中的关联分析与 Zn 和 Fe 揭示了 Mn 的高度重要、积极的关联。Cd 的重要、积极的关联也与证明在 Cu-Cd 对之间有强壮的协会并且 Cd 集中在学习区域与地下水的深度变化的 Cu 和地下水深度被发现。重金属出现的地区性的模式为风险区域的鉴定和分界用地理信息系统(GIS ) 被印射。集中地图可以被城市的决策者使用减轻地下水污染。 | Sobia ASHRAF Farhat ABBAS Muhammad IBRAHIM Umer RASHID Shoaib KHALID Hammad Raza AHMAD Khalid Rehman HAKEEM Tahir MAJEED | 2015 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2015，25，2： | 0 |
| 5 | Evaluation of Pakistan wheat germplasms for stripe rust resistance using molecular markers显示文摘Wheat production in Pakistan is seriously constrained due to rust diseases and stripe rust (yellow) caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,which could limit yields.Thus development and cultivation of genetically diverse and resistant varieties is the most sustainable solution to overcome these diseases.The first objective of the present study was to evaluate 100 Pakistan wheat cultivars that have been grown over the past 60 years.These cultivars were inoculated at the seedling stage with two virulent stripe rust isolates from the United States and two from Pakistan.None of the wheat cultivars were resistant to all tested stripe rust isolates,and 16% of cultivars were susceptible to the four isolates at the seedling stage.The data indicated that none of the Pakistan wheat cultivars contained either Yr5 or Yr15 genes that were considered to be effective against most P.striiformis f.sp.tritici isolates from around the world.Several Pakistan wheat cultivars may have gene Yr10,which is effective against isolate PST-127 but ineffective against PST-116.It is also possible that these cultivars may have other previously unidentified genes or gene combinations.The second objective was to evaluate the 100 Pakistan wheat cultivars for stripe rust resistance during natural epidemics in Pakistan and Washington State,USA.It was found that a higher frequency of resistance was present under field conditions compared with greenhouse conditions.Thirty genotypes (30% of germplasms) were found to have a potentially high temperature adult plant (HTAP) resistance.The third objective was to determine the genetic diversity in Pakistan wheat germplasms using molecular markers.This study was based on DNA fingerprinting using resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) marker analysis.The highest polymorphism detected with RGAP primer pairs was 40%,50% and 57% with a mean polymorphism of 36%.A total of 22 RGAP markers were obtained in this study.RGAP,simple sequence repeat (SSR) and sequence tagged site (STS) markers were used to determine the presence and absence of some important stripe rust resistance genes,such as Yr5,Yr8,Yr9,Yr15 and Yr18.Of the 60 cultivars analyzed,17% of cultivars showed a RGAP marker band for Yr9 and 12% of cultivars exhibited the Yr18 marker band.No marker band was detected for Yr5,Yr8 and Yr15,indicating a likely absence of these genes in the tested Pakistan wheat cultivars.Cluster analysis based on molecular and stripe rust reaction data is useful in identifying considerable genetic diversity among Pakistan wheat cultivars.The resistant germplasms identified with 22 RGAP markers and from the resistance evaluations should be useful in developing new wheat cultivars with stripe rust resistance. | Sobia TABASSUM Muhammad ASHRAF CHEN XianMing | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，9： | 0 |
| 6 | Identification of novel silent HIV propagation routes in Pakistan显示文摘Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) is rapidly increasing in both high risk groups and the general population.In this study, silent routes of propagation in teenaged Pakistanis are discussed. In order to promote sexual activity in youths, regular clients write contact details of sex workers on the doors of public washrooms. HIV prevalence is much higher among Hijra sex workers.Hijra sex workers have apparently stepped into the profession of begging at public places, where they earn money by both begging and distributing visiting cards offering unsafe sex. In many educational institutes, sex education is lacking or absent; if delivered via teachers,government agencies and nongovernmental organizations this could prevent a future epidemic of sexually transmitted infections in Pakistan. | Umar Saeed Yasir Waheed Sobia Manzoor Muhammad Ashraf | 2013 | World Journal of Virology2013，2，3： | 0 |
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