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| 1 | Current and future pharmacological therapies for managing cirrhosis and its complications显示文摘Due to the restrictions of liver transplantation,complication-guided pharmacological therapy has become the mainstay of long-term management of cirrhosis.This article aims to provide a complete overview of pharmacotherapy options that may be commenced in the outpatient setting which are available for managing cirrhosis and its complications,together with discussion of current controversies and potential future directions.PubMed/Medline/Cochrane Library were electronically searched up to December 2018 to identify studies evaluating safety,efficacy and therapeutic mechanisms of pharmacological agents in cirrhotic adults and animal models of cirrhosis.Non-selective betablockers effectively reduce variceal re-bleeding risk in cirrhotic patients with moderate/large varices,but appear ineffective for primary prevention of variceal development and may compromise renal function and haemodynamic stability in advanced decompensation.Recent observational studies suggest protective,haemodynamically-independent effects of beta-blockers relating to reduced bacterial translocation.The gut-selective antibiotic rifaximin is effective for secondary prophylaxis of hepatic encephalopathy;recent small trials also indicate its potential superiority to norfloxacin for secondary prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.Diuretics remain the mainstay of uncomplicated ascites treatment,and early trials suggest alpha-adrenergic receptor agonists may improve diuretic response in refractory ascites.Vaptans have not demonstrated clinical effectiveness in treating refractory ascites and may cause detrimental complications.Despite initial hepatotoxicity concerns,safety of statin administration has been demonstrated in compensated cirrhosis.Furthermore,statins are suggested to have protective effects upon fibrosis progression,decompensation and mortality.Evidence as to whether proton pump inhibitors cause gut-liver-brain axis dysfunction is conflicting.Emerging evidence indicates that anticoagulation therapy reduces incidence and increases recanalisation rates of non-malignant portal vein thrombosis,and may impede hepatic fibrogenesis and decompensation.Pharmacotherapy for cirrhosis should be implemented in accordance with up-to-date guidelines and in conjunction with aetiology management,nutritional optimisation and patient education. | David Kockerling Rooshi Nathwani Roberta Forlano Pinelopi Manousou Benjamin H Mullish Ameet Dhar | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，8： | 16 |
| 2 | Transcranial direct current stimulation in psychiatric disorders显示文摘The interest in non-invasive brain stimulation techniques is increasing in recent years. Among these techniques, transcranial direct current stimulation(t DCS) has been the subject of great interest among researchers because of its easiness to use, low cost, benign profile of side effects and encouraging results of research in the field. This interest has generated several studies and randomized clinical trials, particularly in psychiatry. In this review, we provide a summary of the development of the technique and its mechanism of action as well as a review of the methodological aspects of randomized clinical trials in psychiatry, including studies in affective disorders, schizophrenia, obsessive compulsive disorder, child psychiatry and substance use disorder. Finally,we provide an overview of t DCS use in cognitive enhancement as well as a discussion regarding its clinical use and regulatory and ethical issues. Although many promising results regarding t DCS efficacy were described, the total number of studies is still low, highlighting the need of further studies aiming to replicate these findings in larger samples as to provide a definite picture regarding t DCS efficacy in psychiatry. | Gabriel Tortella Roberta Casati Luana V M Aparicio Antonio Mantovani Natasha Senco Giordano D’Urso Jerome Brunelin Fabiana Guarienti Priscila Mara Lorencini Selingardi Débora Muszkat Bernardo de Sampaio Pereira Junior Leandro Valiengo Adriano H Moffa Marcel Simis Lucas Borrione André R Brunoni | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，1： | 6 |
| 3 | The effect of calcium on pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular function显示文摘 | Roberta H | 1992 | J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg1992，104，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Precise elemental and isotope determination by simultaneous solution nebulization and laser ablation-ICP-MS: application to U-Pb geochronology显示文摘 | Ingo H Roberta L R William F M | 2000 | Chemical Geology2000，167，： | 1 |
| 5 | Regeneration in cereal tissue culture:a review显示文摘 | Bhaskaren Shyamala Smith Roberta H | 1990 | Crop Science1990，30，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Twist is a potential oncogene that inhibits apoptosis 显示文摘 | Roberta M Angelo PD Yasuo H | 1999 | Genes Dev1999，13，17： | 1 |
| 7 | Hyperuricemia and associated factors:a cross-sectional study of JapaneseBrazilians显示文摘 | Poletto J Harima H A Roberta S R | 2011 | Cad Saude Publica2011，27，2： | 1 |
| 8 | A simplified alkaline phosphotungstate as- say for uric acid in serum显示文摘 | CARROLL J J ROBERTA DOUGLASS H C BAD- SON A L | 1971 | Clin Chem1971，17，： | 1 |
| 9 | Comparison of soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators and activators in models of cardiovascular disease associated with oxidative stress 显示文摘 | Melissa H Nicolas A Roberta E | 2012 | Front Pharmacol2012，3，128： | 1 |
| 10 | Vaginal douching and de- velopment of bacterial vaginosis among women with normal and abnormal vaginal mieroflora 显示文摘 | Katherine H Kevin K Roberta N | 2007 | Sexually Transmitted Diseases2007，34，9： | 1 |
| 11 | Sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary dissection:Added morbidity of the arm,shoulder and chest wall after mastectomy and reconstruction显示文摘 | Sclafani Lisa M Baron Roberta H | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 12 | Recycling of lower continental crust in the North China Craton显示文摘 | Gao S Roberta L R Yuan H L | 2004 | Nature2004，424，： | 1 |
| 13 | Food and feeding of the short-finned squid lllex argentinus ( Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) off southern Brazil显示文摘 | ROBERTA A S MANUEL H | 1997 | Fisheries Research1997，，33： | 1 |
| 14 | UV-induced changes in pigment content and light penetration in the fruticose lichen Cladonia arbuscular显示文摘 | ROBERTA S BUFFONI H JANET F B | 2002 | J Photoch Photobio B2002，66，1： | 1 |
| 15 | UV-induced changes in pigment content and light penetration in the fruticose lichen Cladonia arbuscula 显示文摘 | ROBERTA S BUFFONI H JANET F B | 2002 | J Photochem Photobiol B2002，66，8： | 1 |
| 16 | Smith Herbicide and insect resistant elite transgenic rice显示文摘 | Sung Hun Park Jungeun Park Roberta H | 2001 | Plant Physiology2001，，158： | 1 |
| 17 | Food and feeding of the short- finned squid lllex argentinus (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae) off southern Brazil 显示文摘 | Roberta A S Manuel H | 1997 | Fisheries Research1997，55，： | 1 |
| 18 | A simplified alkaline phosphotungstate assay for uric acid in serum 显示文摘 | Carroll J J Roberta Douglass H C Badson A L | 1971 | Clin Chem1971，17，： | 1 |
| 19 | Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation of monocotyledons显示文摘 | Roberta H S Hood E E | 1995 | Crop Sciense1995，35，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Genetic Variability in brazilian populations of Biomphalaria straminea complex detected by simple sequence repeat anchored polymerase chain reaction amplification显示文摘 | ROBERTA L TEOFANIA H ANDREW J | 2001 | Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz2001，96，： | 1 |
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