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| 1 | Progress Toward Measles Elimination--China,January 2013-June 2019显示文摘What is already known about this topic?China has historically had high measles incidence and many associated deaths.A comprehensive measles elimination plan during 2006-2012 substantially reduced measles incidence;however,a resurgence occurred during 2013-2015.What is added by this report?In China,measles surveillance,outbreak response,research,and program evaluation were used to strengthen routine immunization and target immunization activities for eliminating measles.Measles incidence declined from 31 per million in 2015 to 2.8 in 2018;only one measles-associated death has been reported during 2018-June 2019.What are the implications for public health practice?The World Health Organization-recommended strategy to eliminate measles can be effective,including in large,densely populated countries like China. | Chao Ma Lance Rodewald Lixin Hao Qiru Su Yan Zhang Ning Wen Chunxiang Fan Hong Yang Huiming Luo Huaqing Wang James LGoodson Zundong Yin Zijian Feng | 2019 | China CDC weekly2019，1，2： | 3 |
| 2 | Characterization and distribution of novel alleles of the vernalization gene Vrn-A1 in Chinese wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars显示文摘The ability of wheat to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions is determined mostly by allelic diversity among genes regulating vernalization requirement.Vrn-1 is a major regulator of this requirement.In this study,two novel alleles of Vrn-A1 were discovered in Chinese cultivars:vrn-A1n was identified in two landraces,Jiunong 2 and Ganchun 16,and Vrn-A1o was detected in Duanhongmangmai.Both novel alleles showed a linked duplication in the promoter region.The common copy of these two alleles was identical to the recessive allele vrn-A1.Compared with the recessive allele vrn-A1,the other copy of vrn-A1n contained a 54-bp deletion in the promoter region and the distinct copy of Vrn-A1o contained an11-bp deletion in the promoter region.In segregating populations in the greenhouse under nonvernalizing(20–25°C)and long-day(16 h light)conditions,plants with the novel vrn-A1n allele did not head earlier than those with the recessive vrn-A1 allele.However,plants that were either homozygous or heterozygous for the novel Vrn-A1o allele headed earlier than those with the recessive vrn-A1 allele.To identify the novel allele with the small-sized product and facilitate screening,a DNA marker for the novel dominant allele Vrn-A1o was designed.Analysis of the novel-allele distribution showed that two cultivars carrying the vrn-A1n allele were dispersed in the northwestern spring wheat zone,and 12 cultivars carrying the dominant Vrn-A1o allele were widely distributed in the northwestern spring wheat zone,Xinjiang winter and spring wheat zone,Yellow and Huai River valley winter wheat zone,and QinghaiTibetan Plateau spring and winter wheat zone.Our study identifies useful germplasm and a DNA marker for wheat breeding. | Bo Zhang Yangyang Guo Qiru Fan Ruibo Li Dongsheng Chen Xiaoke Zhang | 2023 | The Crop Journal2023，11，3： | 0 |
| 3 | Vaccine-Associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis--8 PLADs,China,October 2012–March 2014显示文摘Introduction:Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious,seasonal viral disease caused by any of three poliovirus(PV)serotypes(types 1,2,or 3).Oral poliovirus vaccine(OPV)on rare occasions causes vaccineassociated paralytic poliomyelitis(VAPP)in recipients of OPV and close contacts of recently vaccinated individuals.This study describes the epidemiology of VAPP when an all OPV schedule was used in the Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI).Methods:VAPP cases were identified using standardized diagnostic criteria from data reported by 8 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)to the National Acute Flaccid Paralysis(AFP)Surveillance System in an 18-month period between October 2012 and March 2014.Results:During this period,28 VAPP cases were reported.Using the number of births as a denominator,the estimated incidence of VAPP was 2.47 cases per million births.Using the number of OPV doses administered through routine immunization,the VAPP incidence was 0.55 cases per million doses.Among vaccine-recipient VAPP cases,22(85%)were associated with the first dose of OPV;3 were associated with the second OPV dose.The relative risk of VAPP following the first dose compared with the second dose was 7.07.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The per-dose and per-child incidences of VAPP were consistent with incidence estimates by the World Health Organization(WHO).The vast majority(85%)of VAPP in China was associated with the first dose of OPV in an all-OPV schedule.Because inactivated polio vaccine(IPV)is known to prevent VAPP from subsequent doses of OPV in immunocompetent children,this association provided strong evidence for using an IPV-first,sequential IPVOPV polio vaccination schedule in China during the globally-synchronized cessation of type 2 OPV and introduction of IPV in 2016. | Ning Wen Fang Fang Wenbo Xu Huaqing Wang Yong Zhang Qiru Su Yao Liu Haibo Wang Shuangli Zhu Xiaoxiao Zhang Wenzhou Yu Dongmei Yan Zhenguo Zhang Qiu Tan Fubao Ma Aihu Dong Yu Liu Keli Li Li Zheng Lixin Hao Dongyan Wang Chunxiang Fan Wendi Wu Huiming Luo Aiqiang Xu Weizhong Yang | 2020 | China CDC weekly2020，2，50： | 0 |
| 4 | Cases of Residual Paralysis in an Acute Flaccid Paralysis Surveillance System--China,2001−2010显示文摘Background:China has been polio-free since 2000 and maintains an acute flaccid paralysis(AFP)surveillance system.Residual paralysis(RP)in children with acute flaccid paralysis can be caused by Sabinstrain poliovirus(PV)and non-polio enteroviruses(NPEV).Methods:The national AFP surveillance data was analyzed to describe AFP cases with RP in the mainland of China during 2001 to 2010.Epidemiological patterns and virus detection of AFP cases with RP were described.Results:Annual incidence of AFP with RP among children aged<15 years old ranged between 0.22-0.35 cases per 100,000.The peak age for AFP with RP and PV was 2 to 4 months.Among cases with viral Sabinstrain viral isolates,types Ⅱ and Ⅲ were the most common.A summer season peak in RP cases was similar to cases with NPEV isolated.Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice:The first ten years after polio eradication of AFP surveillance data for the occurrence of RP can serve as a baseline rate for poliovirus vaccine changes in the routine immunization system to help detect vaccine safety signals in a timely manner and to support the routine polio immunization program switch in China. | Ning Wen Qiru Su Chunxiang Fan Haibo Wang Yong Zhang Lei Cao Wei Xia Zhijie An Huiming Luo | 2020 | China CDC weekly2020，2，50： | 0 |
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