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| 1 | HP0953-hypothetical virulence factor overexpresion and localization during Helicobacter pylori infection of gastric epithelium显示文摘BACKGROUND The high prevalence and persistence of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection, as well as the diversity of pathologies related to it, suggest that the virulence factors used by this microorganism are varied. Moreover, as its proteome contains 340hypothetical proteins, it is important to investigate them to completely understand the mechanisms of its virulence and survival. We have previously reported that the hypothetical protein HP0953 is overexpressed during the first hours of adhesion to inert surfaces, under stress conditions, suggesting its role in the environmental survival of this bacterium and perhaps as a virulence factor.AIM To investigate the expression and localization of HP0953 during adhesion to an inert surface and against gastric(AGS) cells.METHODS Expression analysis was performed for HP0953 during H. pylori adhesion. HP0953 expression at 0,3, 12, 24, and 48 h was evaluated and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis equality-of-populations rank test. Recombinant protein was produced and used to obtain polyclonal antibodies for immunolocalization. Immunogold technique was performed on bacterial sections during adherence to inert surfaces and AGS cells, which was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. HP0953 protein sequence was analyzed to predict the presence of a signal peptide and transmembrane helices, both provided by the ExPASy platform, and using the GLYCOPP platform for glycosylation sites. Different programs, via, I-TASSER, RaptorX, and HHalign-Kbest, were used to perform three-dimensional modeling.RESULTS HP0953 exhibited its maximum expression at 12 h of infection in gastric epithelium cells.Immunogold technique revealed HP0953 localization in the cytoplasm and accumulation in some peripheral areas of the bacterial body, with greater expression when it is close to AGS cells.Bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of a signal peptide that interacts with the transmembrane region and then allows the release of the protein to the external environment. The programs also showed a similarity with the Tip-alpha protein of H. pylori. Tip-alpha is an exotoxin that penetrates cells and induces tumor necrosis factor alpha production, and HP0953 could have a similar function as posttranslational modification sites were found;modifications in turn require enzymes located in eukaryotic cells. Thus, to be functional, HP0953 may necessarily need to be translocated inside the cell where it can trigger different mechanisms producing cellular damage.CONCLUSION The location of HP0953 around infected cells, the probable posttranslational modifications, and its similarity to an exotoxin suggest that this protein is a virulence factor. | Nancy K Arteaga-Resendiz Gerardo E Rodea Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio Alma L Olivares-Cervantes Juan Arturo Castelán-Vega Joséde Jesús Olivares-Trejo Sandra Mendoza-Elizalde Edgar O López-Villegas Christian Colín Pamela Aguilar-Rodea Alfonso Reyes-López Marcela Salazar García Norma Velázquez-Guadarrama | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，29： | 1 |
| 2 | Neutrophils phagocytose activated platelets in vivo: a phosphatidylserine, P-selectin, and β2 integrin-dependent cell clearance program显示文摘 | Norma M Patrizia RQ Virgilio E | 2009 | Blood2009，113，21： | 1 |
| 3 | A review of the biology and epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals显示文摘 | Norma E Ramirez Lucy A Ward Srinand Sreevatsan | 2004 | Microbes and Infection2004，，8： | 1 |
| 4 | Bcl-2 protects against oxidative stress while inducing premature senescence显示文摘 | Norma E L o pez-Diazguerrero Hugo L 6 pez-Araiza | 2006 | Free Radical Biology and Medicine2006，40，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Molecular and Pharmacokinetic Properties Associated with the Therapeutics of Bcl-2 Antisense Oligonucleotide G3139 Combined with Free and Liposomal Doxorubicin 显示文摘 | Lopes de Menezes Norma Hudon | 2000 | Clinical Cancer Research2000，6，： | 1 |
| 6 | Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Liner Low Density Polyethylene/Wood Flour Composites 显示文摘 | MARCOVICH Norma E VILLAR Marcelo A | 2003 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science2003，90，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Life-Threatening Cryoglobulinemia: Clinical and Immunological Characterization of 29 Cases显示文摘 | Manuel Ramos-Casals Angel Robles Pilar Brito-Zerón Norma Nardi José M. Nicolás Xavier Forns Joan Plaza Jordi Yagüe Jose M. Sánchez-Tapias Josep Font | 2006 | Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism2006，，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins in human cervical cancer显示文摘 | Magali E David C Norma H | 2006 | BMC Cancer2006，6，45： | 1 |
| 9 | 显示文摘 | Wang Chiahao Maria L Auad Norma E | 2008 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science2008，109，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Creep and dynamic mechanical behavior of PP-jute composites: Effect of the interfacial adhesion显示文摘 | Betiana A A Maria M R Norma E M | 2007 | Composites: Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing2007，38，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Synthesis and character- ization of organically modified attapulg- ite/polyurethane nanocompesites 显示文摘 | Wang C H Maria L Auad Norma E Marcovich | 2007 | European Polymer Joural2007，43，： | 1 |
| 12 | Spirulina (Arthrospira) protects against valproic acid-induced neural tube defects in mice显示文摘 | GERARDO N E C NORMA P C RICARDO P P | 2012 | J Med Food2012，15，12： | 1 |
| 13 | Synthesis and characterization of organically modified attapulgite/polyurethane nanocomposites 显示文摘 | Chia-Hao Wang Maria L Auad Norma E | 2008 | Appl Polym Sci2008，109，： | 1 |
| 14 | Viruses and virus like particles detected during examination of feces from calves and piglets with diarrhea显示文摘 | Durham P J K Hassard L E Norma G R B | 1989 | Can Vet J1989，30，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Changes in the oral environment during four stages of orthodontic treatment 显示文摘 | LARA C E NORMA M M LEONOR S P | 2010 | Korean J Orthod2010，40，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Quantitation of soybean allergens using tandem mass spectrometry 显示文摘 | Norma L Houston Dong-Gi Lee Severin E Stevenson | 2010 | Journal of Proteome Research2010，10，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Development and characterization of edible chitosan/olive oil emulsion films 显示文摘 | Mariana P Guillermina A Norma E M | 2012 | Carbohydrate Polymers2012，87，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Theobservability of the Fibonacci and Lucas cubes 显示文摘 | Dedo E Torri D and Norma Zagaglia Salvi | 2002 | Discrete Mathematics2002，255，： | 1 |
| 19 | Sexual determination and differentia- tion in teleostfish 显示文摘 | Sandra G E Norma M M | 2010 | Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries2010，20，： | 1 |
| 20 | Mechanical properties of woodflour unsaturated polyester composites显示文摘 | Norma E Marcovich Maria M Reboredo | 1998 | Journal of Applied Polymer Science1998，，70： | 1 |
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