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| 1 | Innate and adaptive immune responses toward nanomedicines显示文摘Since the commercialization of the frst liposomes used for drug delivery,Doxil/Caelyx® and Myocet®,tremendous progress has been made in understanding interactions between nanomedicines and biological systems.Fundamental work at the interface of engineering and medicine has allowed nanomedicines to deliver therapeutic small molecules and nucleic acids more effciently.While nanomedicines are used in oncology for immunotherapy or to deliver combinations of cytotoxics,the clinical successes of gene silencing approaches like patisiran lipid complexes(Onpattro®)have paved the way for a variety of therapies beyond cancer.In parallel,the global severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)pandemic has highlighted the potential of mR NA vaccines to develop immunization strategies at unprecedented speed.To rationally design therapeutic and vaccines,chemists,materials scientists,and drug delivery experts need to better understand how nanotechnologies interact with the immune system.This review presents a comprehensive overview of the innate and adaptative immune systems and emphasizes the intricate mechanisms through which nanomedicines interact with these biological functions. | Iara Maíra de Oliveira Viana Sabrina Roussel Joan Defrêne Eliana Martins Lima Frédéric Barabé Nicolas Bertrand | 2021 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2021，11，4： | 5 |
| 2 | Multiple haploids, triploids, and tetraploids found in modern-day “living fossil” Ginkgo biloba显示文摘Ginkgo biloba,the last extant representative of a lineage of Mesozoic gymnosperms,is one of the few seed plants with an exceptionally long(~300 Myr)evolutionary history free of genome-wide duplications(polyploidy).Despite this genome conservatism,we have recently found a viable spontaneous tetraploid Ginkgo sapling during routine screening of several plants,demonstrating that natural polyploidy is possible in Ginkgo.Here we provide a much wider flow cytometry survey of ploidy in some European Ginkgo collections,and own seedlings(>2200 individuals and~200 cultivars).We found a surprisingly high level of ploidy variation in modern-day Ginkgo and documented altogether 13 haploid,3 triploid,and 10 tetraploid Ginkgo plants or cultivars,most of them being morphologically distinct from common diploids.Haploids frequently produced polyploid(dihaploid)buds or branches.Tetraploids showed some genome size variation.The surveyed plants provide a unique resource for future Ginkgo research and breeding,and they might be used to accelerate the modern diversification of this nearly extinct plant lineage. | PetrŠmarda Lucie Horová Ondřej Knápek Heidi Dieck Martin Dieck Katarína Ražná Pavel Hrubík Laszlo Orlóci Laszlo Papp Kristýna Veselá Pavel Veselý Petr Bureš | 2018 | Horticulture Research2018，5，1： | 4 |
| 3 | 斯洛伐克西喀尔巴阡山脉Gemerská Poloma滑石-菱镁矿矿床中镁的交代作用(英文)显示文摘Gemerska Poloma矿床是个重要的滑石矿床(储量20万吨),位于西喀尔巴阡山脉Germeric地区.部分滑石化的镁质碳酸盐体赋存在早古生代火山沉积杂岩体中(黑色片岩,变质泥岩),在Variscan变质作用(M1)过程中受到了绿泥石-黑云母带区域变质相的改造.这种原岩是石灰岩的矿体由白色-灰白或者灰色-黑色的菱镁矿与白云石1组成,被次生的白云石2和滑石脉切割.本次研究考察了两次变质事件(M1和M2)的几个连续的矿物组合,最早的组合包括铁白云石,镁菱铁矿与菱铁矿,(并与黑电气石,铁绿泥石,磷灰石,与伊利石-白云母伴生),它们以微小残留物形式产出在菱镁矿和白云石1中,其形成可能早于M1变质作用高峰期.M1变质事件的高峰期以富铁金云母,镁绿泥石1,镁电气石(黑电气石的边缘)和石英的组合为代表.在M1退变质作用过程中,发生了镁交代作用,开始是白云石1结晶,接下来形成菱镁矿,最后是以铁菱镁矿沿裂隙的形成而终.根据碳酸盐地质测温原理,M1变质事件的高峰期温度为460~490°C,变质矿物组合特征也支持这一测温结果.滑石,白云石2,与镁绿泥石2沿着镁碳酸盐岩石裂隙的发育,主要受到M2变质事件的影响,这个变质事件与较年青的Alpine造山事件有关.菱镁矿流体包裹体的研究表明,成矿流体具有复杂的组成,可能以MgCl2组分为主,主要来源于蒸发卤水的演化.原生流体包裹体的盐度~35(wt%MgCl2),均一温度变化范围是216~235℃.石英中流体包裹体也显示了以MgCl2组分为主的相似流体组成,但均一温度比较高,为248~313℃.如果假定石英与M1变质事件同期,那么由流体包裹体计算出的M1变质峰期压力范围是250~350MPa(9~13km),因此地温梯度是35~40℃/km.假定这个梯度在镁交代成矿过程中保持不变,那么相关流体在180~280MPa(7~11km)的压力下的温度为300~350℃.流体包裹体的淋滤分析表明,流体中Cl/Br与Na/Br都很高,说明流体具有蒸发特征.而在Gemeric地区只有在晚二叠纪到早三叠纪这段时间才有如此大量的卤水形成.因此,二叠纪的伸展构造运动与形成菱镁矿的热液系统的形成有关. | Martin RADVANEC Peter KOD■RA Walter PROCHASKA | 2004 | 岩石学报2004，20，4： | 3 |
| 4 | 斯洛伐克西喀尔巴阡山脉内侧Veporicum地区的地球动力学演化序列与菱镁矿和滑石矿床成因(英文)显示文摘本文总结并报导了斯洛伐克西喀尔巴阡山脉内侧的石炭纪岩石中产出的菱镁矿和滑石成因的最新资料.这些矿床赋存于Veporicum构造超单元中和该超单元与Gemericum的接触带中.北部Sinec成矿带是主要的菱镁矿和滑石矿化区,产出的主要矿床有Kokava,Sinec,Samo,Hnsta-Mutnik等矿床.而南部的Ochtina成矿带只产有菱镁矿床,主要矿床包括在Dubrava地体上的Dubrava,Mikov?JedL'vec;Luben韐,Ochtina,Kosice-Bankov,Banisko,Medvedia等矿床.菱镁矿形成于变质M1期石炭系中方解石被白云石和菱镁矿连续交代过程(北矿带成矿温度为280~400℃,南矿带成矿温度为370~420℃;Radvanec&Prochska,2001;Kodera&Radvanec,2002).Permoscythian蒸发卤水提供了Mg.成矿事件和华力西期碰撞后运动有关.拉伸构造和高热流值促使成矿热液系统的产生.滑石矿化则形成于稍晚的不同期变质事件(M2),成矿流体来源也与菱镁矿化不同.构造的、微构造的、变质的以及地质年代学的数据将滑石成矿作用和阿尔卑斯上白垩系的构造地热事件AD2联系在一起.AD2事件是阿尔卑斯碰撞(AD1)地壳加厚和变质核杂岩体起源的结果,体现在地壳不整合面上的区域拉伸,及开放系统中大规模热液流动.这一过程在更靠近Veporic热穹的北带区域(Sinec剪切带)很显著,而向着Veporic热穹的周围部分(南Ochtina带),M2变质过程和块滑石化则逐渐减弱.Sinec剪切带是北Sinec带中突出的AD2-AD3结构,白云石/菱镁矿透镜体(在M1期交代造成的)和相伴随的岩石夹杂在AD1中更坚硬的基底岩石之中.本研究证明了AD2中块滑石化的普遍性,滑石和白云石2形成于拉伸显微构造中(变质过程M2;温度为490~540℃,压力为240~330MPa).在Sinec带中AD3阶段的对偶剪切作用形成了该带中的滑石矿.它是AD2事件从去顶到区域扭压剪切的动力学转变过程的逐步延续.北Sinec带使AD3变形处于由坚硬岩石包围的软岩石的狭窄的剪切带中,而在南Ochtina带中AD3变形产生在由里面漂浮着坚硬碳酸盐块的软的岩石柱中.在Ochtina带中,在AD2和AD3阶段由于M2期较低的P-T条件和变形梯度导致了该区有经济价值的滑石矿化不发育.总之,现有的研究结果能用作阿尔卑斯型地体中菱镁矿和滑石找矿的基本标志. | Zoltán NMETH Walter PROCHASKA Martin RADVANEC Martin KOV■IK Ján MADARAS Peter KOD■RA L'ubomír HRA■KO | 2004 | 岩石学报2004，20，4： | 2 |
| 5 | A gene for hereditary pancreatitis maps to chromosome 7q35显示文摘 | DC Whitcomb RA Preston CE Aston MJ Sossenheimer PS Barua Y Zhang A Wong- Chong GJ White PG Wood LK Gates C Ulrich SP Martin JC Post GD Ehrlich | 1996 | Gastroenterology1996，，6： | 2 |
| 6 | Efficacy and safety of d, 1-sotalol in patients with ventricular tachycardia and in survivors of cardiac arrest显示文摘 | Haverkamp W Martines RA Hief C et ai | 1997 | J Am Coll Cardiol1997，30，： | 1 |
| 7 | Association between alcohol consumption and insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease risk ractors:the Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis Study显示文摘 | Bell RA Mayer-Davis EJ Martin MA | 2000 | Diabetes Care2000，23，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Revision surgery following operations for lumbar stenosis显示文摘 | Deyo RA Martin BI Kreuter W | 2011 | ] Bone Joint Surg Am2011，93，21： | 1 |
| 9 | Individual differences in uses of humor and their relation to psychological well-being: development of the Humor Styles Questionnaire显示文摘 | Martin RA Puhlik-Doris P Larsen G | 2003 | Journal of Research in Personality2003，37，： | 1 |
| 10 | Amino acid clearance during acute metabolic decompensation in maple syrup urine disease treated with continuous venovenous hemodialysis with filtration显示文摘 | Hmiel SP Martin RA Landt M | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 11 | Improved Methods of Detection of Lymphovascular Invasion Demonstrate That It is the Predominant Method of Vascular Invasion in Breast Cancer and has Important Clinical Consequencos显示文摘 | Mohammed RA Martin SG Gill MS | 2007 | Am J Surg Pathol2007，31，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Trends,major medical complieations and charges associated with surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis in older adults显示文摘 | Deyo RA Mirza SK Martin BI | 2010 | JAMA2010，303，13： | 1 |
| 13 | Serum antibody to inner ear proteins in patients with progressive hearing loss显示文摘 | Mosscicki RA San Martin JE Quintero CH | 1994 | JAMA1994，272，： | 1 |
| 14 | Interspinous spacers compared with decompression or fusion for lumbar stenosis:complications and repeat operations in the Medicare population显示文摘 | Deyo RA Martin BI Ching A | 2013 | Spine2013，38，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Effect of 830 nm lowlevel laser therapy in exercise-induced skeletal muscle fatigue in humans显示文摘 | Leal Junior EC Lopes Martins RA Vanin AA | 2009 | Lasers in medical science2009，24，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Oral ganciclovir for patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis treated with aganciclovir im-plant显示文摘 | Martin DF Kuppermann BD Wolitz RA | 1999 | N Engl Jmed1999，340，14： | 1 |
| 17 | Effect of sodium cycla- mate on the rat fetal liver: a karyometric and stereological study 显示文摘 | Martins AT Azoubel R Lopes RA | 2005 | Int J Morphol2005，23，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Healing characteristics of free and pedicle fat grafts after dorsal laminectomy and durotomy in dogs显示文摘 | Martin RA Saunders GK | 1991 | Vet Surg1991，20，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Clinical and urodynamic evaluation in women with stress urinary incontinence treated by periurethral collagen injection显示文摘 | Martins SB Oliveira E Castro RA | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 20 | Long term follow - up and antibody response to treatment of pa- tients with helicobacter pylori 显示文摘 | Truesdale RA Chamberlain DF Martin CL | 1990 | Gastroenterology1990，98，： | 1 |
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