|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | The prevalence and prevention of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China显示文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has remarkable epidemiological features, including regional, racial, and familial aggregations. The aim of this review is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of NPC and to propose possible causes for the high incidence patterns in southern China. Since the etiology of NPC is not completely understood, approaches to primary prevention of NPC remain under consideration. This situation highlights the need to conduct secondary prevention, including improving rates of early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment in NPC patients. Since the 1970's, high-risk populations in southern China have been screened extensively for early detection of NPC using anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serum biomarkers. This review summarizes several large screening studies that have been conducted in the high-incidence areas of China. Screening markers, high-risk age range for screening, time intervals for blood re-examination, and the effectiveness of these screening studies will be discussed. Conduction of prospective randomized controlled screening trials in southern China can be expected to maximize the cost-effectiveness of early NPC detection screening. | Malcolm J. Simons | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2011，30，2： | 138 |
| 2 | Identification of Differentially Senescing Mutants of Wheat and Impacts on Yield,Biomass and Nitrogen Partitioning显示文摘Increasing photosynthetic capacity by extending canopy longevity during grain filling using slow senescing stay-green genotypes is a possible means to improve yield in wheat. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutated wheat lines (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Paragon) were screened for fast and slow canopy senescence to investigate the impact on yield and nitrogen partitioning. Stay-green and fast-senescing lines with similar anthesis dates were characterised in detail. Delayed senescence was only apparent at higher nitrogen supply with low nitrogen supply enhancing the rate of senescence in all lines. In the stay-green line 3 (SG3), on a whole plant basis, tiller and seed number increased whilst thousand grain weight (TGW) decreased; although a greater N uptake was observed in the main tiller, yield was not affected. In fast-senescing line 2 (FS2), yield decreased, principally as a result of decreased TGW. Analysis of N-partitioning in the main stem indicated that although the slow-senescing line had lower biomass and consequently less nitrogen in all plant parts, the proportion of biomass and nitrogen in the flag leaf was greater at anthesis compared to the other lines; this contributed to the grain N and yield of the slow-senescing line at maturity in both the main tiller and in the whole plant. A field trial confirmed senescence patterns of the two lines, and the negative impact on yield for FS2 and a positive impact for SG3 at low N only. The lack of increased yield in the slow-senescing line was likely due to decreased biomass and additionally a possible sink limitation. | Adinda P.Derkx Simon Orford Simon Griffiths M.John Foulkes Malcolm J. Hawkesford | 2012 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2012，54，8： | 9 |
| 3 | The origin of genetic risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma:a commentary on Is nasopharyngeal cancer really a “Cantonese cancer”?显示文摘Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) occurs with highest incidence in Southeastern China among Cantonese-speaking Chinese, giving rise to the common name of 'Cantonese cancer'. Chinese in the province of Guangdong have the | Malcolm J. Simons | 2010 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2010，29，5： | 5 |
| 4 | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma as a paradigm of cancer genetics显示文摘The unusual incidence patterns for nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) in China,Northeast India,Arctic Inuit,Peninsular and island Southeast Asia,Polynesian Islanders,and North Africans indicate a role for NPC risk genes in Chinese,Chinese-related,and not-obviously Chinese-related populations.Renewed interest in NPC genetic risk has been stimulated by a hypothesis that NPC population patterns originated in Bai-Yue /pre-Austronesian-speaking aborigines and were dispersed during the last glacial maximum by Sundaland submersion.Five articles in this issue of the Chinese Journal of Cancer,first presented at a meeting on genetic aspects of NPC [National Cancer Center of Singapore(NCCS),February 20-21,2010],are directed towards incidence patterns,to early detection of affected individuals within risk populations,and to the application of genetic technology advances to understanding the nature of high risk.Turnbull presents a general framework for understanding population migrations that underlie NPC and similar complex diseases,including other viral cancers.Trejaut et al.apply genetic markers to detail migration from East Asia through Taiwan to the populating of Island Polynesia.Migration dispersal in a westward direction took mongoloid peoples to modern day Northeast India adjacent to Western China(Xinjiang).NPC incidence in mongoloid Nagas ranks amongst the highest in the world,whereas elsewhere in India NPC is uncommon.Cao et al.detail incidence patterns in Southeast China that have occurred over recent decades.Finally,Ji et al.describe the utility of Epstein-Barr virus serostatus in early NPC detection.While genetic risk factors still remain largely unknown,human leukocyte antigen(HLA) genes have been a focus of attention since the discovery of an HLA association with NPC in 1973 and,two years later,that NPC susceptibility in highest-risk Cantonese involved the co-occurrence of multi-HLA locus combinations of HLA genes as chromosome combinations,or haplotypes(e.g.HLA-A2-B46),whereas in relatively lower-risk non-Cantonese Chinese(Hokkiens,Teochews) they appeared to act independently,a strength of association reflecting the 30-50-fold difference in incidence between highest risk Cantonese and lowest-risk Indians.The prototypic haplotype HLA-A2-B46 extends over megabases.An upstream DNA segment(near HLA-DPA1),has close similarity to Gorilla,with no obvious homology to Chimpanzee in current databases,suggesting that a reticulate model of primate evolution may be more appropriate than simple phylogeny.The DNA variation level in this segment is high enough for it to be a hominin remnant.HLA-B46 arose in mongoloids and remains largely limited to Chinese so the question arises as to whether the hominin candidate segment indicates an eastward trek of Homo neanderthalensis or the survival of much earlier Homo erectus? In 2011 sequencing technologies have finally caught up with the requirement to separate parental haplotypes.Recently achieved chromosome separation for whole genome di-haploid genetic and epigenetic analysis of parental inheritance in single individuals will reveal interacting patterns of multi-locus haplotypes as humans move in and through successive environments,thus providing definitive information on the genetic affinities between extant populations,and of the migrations that have led to the global distribution of modern Homo.The challenge can now be met of seeking HLA-associated locations both within and outside the HLA complex on each of the pair of chromosomes.More broadly,for every disease,genetic risk detection will require resolution of the diploid genome as a di-haplome.In the context of NPC,HLA genetic risk complete autosomal di-haplomic sequencing will enable testing of the Wee unitary origin hypothesis of NPC risk even among populations with no apparent mongoloid affinity. | Malcolm J. Simons | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2011，30，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the Northeastern states of India显示文摘Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a rare disease in most parts of the world, except for Southeast Asia, some parts of North Africa and the Arctic. It is mostly seen in people of Chinese origin. In India, NPC is also rare, except for the Hill States of Northeast India, particularly Nagaland, Manipur, and Mizoram. The striking feature of NPC in Northeast India is that the incidence ranges over the complete spectrum from the lowest (as 0.5/100 000 to 2.0/100 000 among Caucasoid) to the highest (as ~20/100 000 among Cantonese/Zhongshan dialect Chinese). The age-adjusted rate of NPC in Kohima district of Nagaland State is 19.4/100 000, which is among the highest recorded rates. By contrast, in Assam, one of the so-called Hill States but not itself a hilly state, NPC is much less common. The Northeastern region is distinguished by a preponderance of the Tibeto-Burman languages and by variable mongoloid features among peoples of the region. The nature of the migratory populations who are presumed to be bearers of the mongoloid risk is unknown, but these NPC occurrence features provide an outstanding opportunity for NPC risk investigation, such as that of the hypothesis of Wee et al. for westward displacement of Chinese aborigines following the last glacial maximum. | Amal Chandra Kataki Malcolm J. Simons Ashok Kumar Das Kalpana Sharma Narinder Kumar Mehra | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Cancer2011，30，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Evidence that Soil Carbon Pool Determines Susceptibility of Semi-Natural Ecosystems to Elevated Nitrogen Leaching显示文摘 | Christopher D. Evans Brian Reynolds Alan Jenkins Rachel C. Helliwell Christopher J. Curtis Christine L. Goodale Robert C. Ferrier Bridget A. Emmett Michael G. Pilkington Simon J. M. Caporn Jacky A. Carroll David Norris Jennifer Davies Malcolm C. Coull | 2006 | Ecosystems2006，，3： | 1 |
| 7 | The relationships between post-prandial lipaemia, endothelial function and oxidative stress in healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes显示文摘 | Richard A. Anderson Marc L. Evans Gethin R. Ellis J. Graham K. Morris Simon K. Jackson Malcolm J. Lewis Alan Rees Michael P. Frenneaux | 2001 | Atherosclerosis2001，，2： | 1 |
| 8 | The calculation of base cation release from the chemical weathering of Scottish soils using the profile model显示文摘 | Simon J. Langan Harald U. Sverdrup Malcolm Coull | 1995 | Water Air & Soil Pollution1995，，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Evidence that Soil Carbon Pool Determines Susceptibility of Semi-Natural Ecosystems to Elevated Nitrogen Leaching显示文摘 | Christopher D. Evans Brian Reynolds Alan Jenkins Rachel C. Helliwell Christopher J. Curtis Christine L. Goodale Robert C. Ferrier Bridget A. Emmett Michael G. Pilkington Simon J. M. Caporn Jacky A. Carroll David Norris Jennifer Davies Malcolm C. Coull | 2006 | Ecosystems2006，，3： | 1 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员