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| 1 | Secretion of immunoregulatory cytokines by mesenchymal stem cells显示文摘According to the minimal criteria of the International Society of Cellular Therapy, mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are a population of undifferentiated cells defined by their ability to adhere to plastic surfaces when cultured under standard conditions, express a certain panel of phenotypic markers and can differentiate into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages when cultured in specific inducing media. In parallel with their major role as undifferentiated cell reserves, MSCs have immunomodulatory functions which are exerted by direct cell-to-cell contacts, secretion of cytokines and/or by a combination of both mechanisms. There are no convincing data about a principal difference in the profile of cytokines secreted by MSCs isolated from different tissue sources, although some papers report some quantitative but not qualitative differences in cytokine secretion. The present review focuses on the basic cytokines secreted by MSCs as described in the literature by which the MSCs exert immunodulatory effects. It should be pointed out that MSCs themselves are objects of cytokine regulation. Hypothetical mechanisms by which the MSCs exert their immunoregulatory effects are also discussed in this review. These mechanisms may either influence the target immune cells directly or indirectly by affecting the activities of predominantly dendritic cells. Chemokines are also discussed as participants in this process by recruiting cells of the immune systems and thus making them targets of immunosuppression. This review aims to present and discuss the published data and the personal experience of the authors regarding cytokines secreted by MSCs and their effects on the cells of the immune system. | Dobroslav Kyurkchiev Ivan Bochev Ekaterina Ivanova-Todorova Milena Mourdjeva Tsvetelina Oreshkova Kalina Belemezova Stanimir Kyurkchiev | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，5： | 20 |
| 2 | Treg/Th17 cell balance and phytohaemagglutinin activation of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of systemic sclerosis patients显示文摘AIM To investigate T-cell activation, the percentage of peripheral T regulatory cells(Tregs), Th17 cells and the circulating cytokine profile in systemic sclerosis(SSc).METHODS We enrolled a total of 24 SSc patients and 16 healthy controls in the study and divided the patients as having diffuse cutaneous SSc(dc SSc, n = 13) or limited cutaneous SSc(lc SSc, n = 11). We performed a further subdivision of the patients regarding the stage of the disease-early, intermediate or late. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected from all subjects. We performed flow cytometric analysis of the activationcapacity of T-lymphocytes upon stimulation with PHA-M and of the percentage of peripheral Tregs and Th17 cells in both patients and healthy controls. We used ELISA to quantitate serum levels of human interleukin(IL)-6, IL-10, tissue growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), and IL-17 A.RESULTS We identified a decreased percentage of CD3+CD69+ cells in PHA-stimulated samples from SSc patients in comparison with healthy controls(13.35% ± 2.90% vs 37.03% ± 2.33%, P < 0.001). However, we did not establish a correlation between the down-regulated CD3+CD69+ cells and the clinical subset, nor regarding the stage of the disease. The activated CD4+CD25+ peripheral lymphocytes were represented in decreased percentage in patients when compared to controls(6.30% ± 0.68% vs 9.36% ± 1.08%, P = 0.016). Regarding the forms of the disease, dc SSc patients demonstrated lower frequency of CD4+CD25+ T cells against healthy subjects(5.95% ± 0.89% vs 9.36% ± 1.08%, P = 0.025). With regard to Th17 cells, our patients demonstrated increased percentage in comparison with controls(18.13% ± 1.55% vs 13.73% ± 1.21%, P = 0.031). We detected up-regulated Th17 cells within the lc SSc subset against controls(20.46% ± 2.41% vs 13.73% ± 1.21%, P = 0.025), nevertheless no difference was found between dc SSc and lc SSc patients. Flow cytometric analysis revealed an increased percentage of CD4+CD25-Foxp3+ in dc SSc patients compared to controls(10.94% ± 1.65% vs 6.88% ± 0.91, P = 0.032). Regarding the peripheral cytokine profile, we detected raised levels of IL-6 [2.10(1.05-4.60) pg/m L vs 0.00 pg/m L, P < 0.001], TGF-β1(19.94 ± 3.35 ng/m L vs 10.03 ± 2.25 ng/m L, P = 0.02), IL-10(2.83 ± 0.44 pg/m L vs 0.68 ± 0.51 pg/m L, P = 0.008), and IL-17 A [6.30(2.50-15.60) pg/m L vs 0(0.00-0.05) pg/m L, P < 0.001] in patients when compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, we found increased circulating IL-10, TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-17 A in the lc SSc subset vs control subjects, as it follows: IL-10(3.32 ± 0.59 pg/m L vs 0.68 ± 0.51 pg/m L, P = 0.003), TGF-β1(22.82 ± 4.99 ng/m L vs 10.03 ± 2.25 ng/m L, P = 0.031), IL-6 [2.08(1.51-4.69) pg/m L vs 0.00 pg/m L, P < 0.001], and IL-17 A [14.50(8.55-41.65) pg/m L vs 0.00(0.00-0.05) pg/m L, P < 0.001]. Furthermore, circulating IL-17 A was higher in lc SSc as opposed to dc SSc subset(31.99 ± 13.29 pg/m L vs 7.14 ± 3.01 pg/m L, P = 0.008). Within the dc SSc subset, raised levels of IL-17 A and IL-6 were detected vs healthy controls: IL-17 A [2.60(0.45-9.80) pg/m L vs 0.00(0.00-0.05) pg/m L, P < 0.001], IL-6 [2.80(1.03-7.23) pg/m L vs 0.00 pg/m L, P < 0.001]. Regarding the stages of the disease, TGF-β1 serum levels were increased in early stage against late stage, independently from the SSc phenotype(30.03 ± 4.59 ng/m L vs 13.08 ± 4.50 ng/m L, P = 0.017).CONCLUSION It is likely that the altered percentage of Th17 and CD4+CD25-Fox P3+ cells along with the peripheral cytokine profile in patients with SSc may play a key role in the pathogenesis of the disease. | Ekaterina Krasimirova Tsvetelina Velikova Ekaterina Ivanova-Todorova Kalina Tumangelova-Yuzeir Desislava Kalinova Vladimira Boyadzhieva Nikolay Stoilov Tsvetelina Yoneva Rasho Rashkov Dobroslav Kyurkchiev | 2017 | World Journal of Experimental Medicine2017，7，3： | 10 |
| 3 | Diagnosis of focal liver lesions with deep learning-based multichannel analysis of hepatocyte-specific contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging显示文摘BACKGROUND The nature of input data is an essential factor when training neural networks.Research concerning magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-based diagnosis of liver tumors using deep learning has been rapidly advancing.Still,evidence to support the utilization of multi-dimensional and multi-parametric image data is lacking.Due to higher information content,three-dimensional input should presumably result in higher classification precision.Also,the differentiation between focal liver lesions(FLLs)can only be plausible with simultaneous analysis of multisequence MRI images.AIM To compare diagnostic efficiency of two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)-densely connected convolutional neural networks(DenseNet)for FLLs on multi-sequence MRI.METHODS We retrospectively collected T2-weighted,gadoxetate disodium-enhanced arterial phase,portal venous phase,and hepatobiliary phase MRI scans from patients with focal nodular hyperplasia(FNH),hepatocellular carcinomas(HCC)or liver metastases(MET).Our search identified 71 FNH,69 HCC and 76 MET.After volume registration,the same three most representative axial slices from all sequences were combined into four-channel images to train the 2D-DenseNet264 network.Identical bounding boxes were selected on all scans and stacked into 4D volumes to train the 3D-DenseNet264 model.The test set consisted of 10-10-10 tumors.The performance of the models was compared using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC),specificity,sensitivity,positive predictive values(PPV),negative predictive values(NPV),and f1 scores.RESULTS The average AUC value of the 2D model(0.98)was slightly higher than that of the 3D model(0.94).Mean PPV,sensitivity,NPV,specificity and f1 scores(0.94,0.93,0.97,0.97,and 0.93)of the 2D model were also superior to metrics of the 3D model(0.84,0.83,0.92,0.92,and 0.83).The classification metrics of FNH were 0.91,1.00,1.00,0.95,and 0.95 using the 2D and 0.90,0.90,0.95,0.95,and 0.90 using the 3D models.The 2D and 3D networks'performance in the diagnosis of HCC were 1.00,0.80,0.91,1.00,and 0.89 and 0.88,0.70,0.86,0.95,and 0.78,respectively;while the evaluation of MET lesions resulted in 0.91,1.00,1.00,0.95,and 0.95 and 0.75,0.90,0.94,0.85,and 0.82 using the 2D and 3D networks,respectively.CONCLUSION Both 2D and 3D-DenseNets can differentiate FNH,HCC and MET with good accuracy when trained on hepatocyte-specific contrast-enhanced multi-sequence MRI volumes. | Róbert Stollmayer Bettina K Budai Ambrus Tóth IldikóKalina Erika Hartmann Péter Szoldán Viktor Bérczi Pál Maurovich-Horvat Pál N Kaposi | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，35： | 6 |
| 4 | Outlier detection by means of robust regression estimators for use in engineering science显示文摘This study compares the ability of different robust regression estimators to detect and classify outliers. Well-known estimators with high breakdown points were compared using simulated data. Mean success rates (MSR) were computed and used as comparison criteria. The results showed that the least median of squares (LMS) and least trimmed squares (LTS) were the most successful methods for data that included leverage points, masking and swamping effects or critical and concentrated outliers. We recommend using LMS and LTS as diagnostic tools to classify outliers, because they remain robust even when applied to models that are heavily contaminated or that have a complicated structure of outliers. | Serif HEKIMOGLU R. Cuneyt ERENOGLU Jan KALINA | 2009 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)2009，10，6： | 2 |
| 5 | Occipital-parietal encephalopathy:a new name for an old syndrome显示文摘 | Pavlakis SG Frank Y Kalina P | 1997 | Pediatr Neurol1997，16，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Carotid endarterectomy:Preoperativeevaluation of candidates with combined doppler sonography and MR angiography显示文摘 | Polak GF Kalina B Donaldso MC, | 1993 | Radiology1993，186，： | 1 |
| 7 | The association of serum lipoprotein (a) levels,apolipoprotein (a) size and (TTTTA) (n) polymorphism with coronary heart disease显示文摘 | Csaszar A Fust G | 2001 | Clin Chim Acta2001，309，： | 1 |
| 8 | Multivariate statistical study of simultaneously monitored cloud water, aerosol and rainwater data from different elevation levels in an alpine valley (Achenkirch, Tyrol, Austria)显示文摘 | Simeonov V Kalina S Tsakovski S | 2003 | Talanta2003，61，： | 1 |
| 9 | Mosaic tissue distribution of the tandem duplication of LAMP2 exons 4 and 5 demonstrates the limits of Danon disease cellular and molecular diagnostics 显示文摘 | Majer F Pelak O Kalina T | 2014 | J Inherit Metab Dis2014，37，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Myeloid antigens in childhood lymphoblastic leukemia: clinical data point to regulation of CD66c distinct from other myeloid antigens 显示文摘 | Kalina T Vaskova M Mejstrikova E | 2005 | BMC Cancer2005，5，： | 1 |
| 11 | Identification and determination of the relationships of species and strains within the genus Leishmania using single primers in the polymerase chain reaction显示文摘 | Schweynoch Carole Zlateva Kalina | 1996 | Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology1996，77，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Transparent yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG) ceramics by spark plasma sintering显示文摘 | Chaim R Kalina M Shen J Z | 2007 | J Eur Ceram Soc2007，27，11： | 1 |
| 13 | GFP- FRNK disrupts focal adhesions and induces anoikis in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes显示文摘 | HEIDKAMP M C BAYER A L KALINA J A | 2002 | Circulation Research2002，90，12： | 1 |
| 14 | The metabolism of a city:the case of Hong Kong显示文摘 | Newcombe K Kalina J D Aston A R | 1978 | AMBIO1978，，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Brooke-spiegler syndrome with multiple scalp cylindromas and bilateral parotid gland ad- enomas显示文摘 | Kalina P E1-Azhary R | 2012 | Case Rep Radiol2012，2012，24： | 1 |
| 16 | Fractional diastolic and systolic pressure in the ascending aorta are related to the extent of coronary artery disease显示文摘 | Piotr Jankowski Kalina Kawecka-Jaszcz Leszek Bryniarski Danuta Czarnecka Magorzata Brzozowska-Kiszka Aneta Po?nik-Urbańska Grzegorz Kope? Jacek Dragan Artur Klecha Dariusz Dudek | 2004 | American Journal of Hypertension2004，，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Transpa- rent yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramics by spark plasma sintering 显示文摘 | Chaim Raehman Miehael Kalina James Z Shen | 2007 | J Eur Ceram Soc2007，27，： | 1 |
| 18 | The metabolism of a city:the case of Hong Kong显示文摘 | Newcombe K Kalina J D Aston A R | 1978 | AMBIO1978，7，： | 1 |
| 19 | Genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 as a risk factor in lung and bladder cancers显示文摘 | I Kalina J Stubna | 1998 | Neoplasma1998，45，： | 1 |
| 20 | Alteration of c-mpl-mediated signal transduction in CD34(+)cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes显示文摘 | KALINA U HOFMANN W K KOSCHMIEDER S | 2000 | Exp Hematol2000，28，： | 1 |
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