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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Macrophage secretory products induce an inflammatory phenotype in hepatocytes显示文摘AIM:To investigate the influence of macrophages on hepatocyte phenotype and function.METHODS:Macrophages were differentiated from THP-1 monocytes via phorbol myristate acetate stimulation and the effects of monocyte or macrophageconditioned medium on HepG2 mRNA and protein expression determined.The in vivo relevance of these findings was confirmed using liver biopsies from 147 patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection.RESULTS:Conditioned media from macrophages,but not monocytes,induced a transient morphological change in hepatocytes associated with upregulation of vimentin(7.8±2.5-fold,P=0.045)and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1(2.6±0.2-fold,P<0.001)and downregulation of epithelial cadherin(1.7±0.02-fold,P=0.017)mRNA expression.Microarray analysis revealed significant upregulation of lipocalin-2(17-fold,P <0.001)and pathways associated with inflammation,and substantial downregulation of pathways related to hepatocyte function.In patients with chronic HCV,realtime polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry confirmed an increase in lipocalin-2 mRNA(F0 1.0 ±0.3,F1 2.2±0.2,F2 3.0±9.3,F3/4 4.0±0.8,P= 0.003)and protein expression(F1 1.0±0.5,F2 1.3± 0.4,F3/4 3.6±0.4,P=0.014)with increasing liver injury.High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 in macrophageconditioned medium,and a chemical inhibitor of MMP-9 attenuated the change in morphology and mRNA expression of TGF-β1(2.9±0.2 vs 1.04±0.1,P<0.001) in macrophage-conditioned media treated HepG2 cells.In patients with chronic HCV infection,hepatic mRNA expression of CD163(F0 1.0±0.2,F1/2 2.8±0.3,F3/4 5.3±1.0,P=0.001)and MMP-9(F0 1.0±0.4,F1/2 2.8±0.3,F3/4 4.1±0.8,P=0.011)was significantly associated with increasing stage of fibrosis.CONCLUSION:Secreted macrophage products alter the phenotype and function of hepatocytes,with increased expression of inflammatory mediators,suggesting that hepatocytes actively participate in liver injury. | Michelle Melino Victoria L Gadd Gene V Walker Richard Skoien Helen D Barrie Dinesh Jothimani Leigh Horsfall Alun Jones Matthew J Sweet Gethin P Thomas Andrew D Clouston Julie R Jonsson Elizabeth E Powell | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，15： | 3 |
| 3 | An approximate analytical method for solving strong coupling Schr?dinger equation显示文摘 | Hibbert A Jonsson P | 1987 | Phys Rew D1987，36，： | 1 |
| 4 | A simple method for reconstructing a high-quality NDVI time-series data set based on the Savitzky-Golay filter 显示文摘 | Chen J Jonsson P Tamura M | 2004 | Remote Sensing of Environment2004，91，34： | 1 |
| 5 | Extraction of dansylated amino acids using the supported liquid membrane technique 显示文摘 | WIECZOREKk P JONSSON J A MATHIASSON L | 1997 | Analytica Chimica Acta1997，337，2： | 1 |
| 6 | A simple method for reconstructing a high-quality NDVI time-series data set based on the Savitzky-Golay filter显示文摘 | Chen J Jonsson P Tamura M | 2001 | Remote Sensing of Environment2001，91，： | 1 |
| 7 | Operational factors affecting enhanced biological phosphorus removal at the wastewater treatment plant in Helsinghorg Sweden显示文摘 | Jonsson K Johansson P Magnus C | 1996 | Water Science end Technology1996，34，3： | 1 |
| 8 | A climbing image nudged elastic band method for finding saddle points and minium energy paths显示文摘 | HENKELMAN G UBERUAGA B P JONSSON H | 2000 | Journal of Chemical Physics2000，113，22： | 1 |
| 9 | TIMESAT-a program for analyzing time-series of satellite sensor data显示文摘 | Jonsson P Eklundh L | 2004 | Computers & Geosciences2004，30，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Mass spectrometry for protein and peptide characterization显示文摘 | Jonsson A P | 2001 | Cellular and Mplecular life Sciences2001，58，： | 1 |
| 11 | Controversial significance of early S100B levels after cardiac surgery显示文摘 | Jonsson H Johnsson P Backstrom M | 2004 | BMC Neurol2004，4，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Modeling Micro-inclusion Growth and Separation in Gas-Stirred Ladles 显示文摘 | SHENG Dong-yuan Soder M Jonsson P | 2002 | Scand J Metall2002，31，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Improving the limit of detection of nanoscale sensors by directed binding to high-sensitivity areas显示文摘 | FEUZ L JONSSON P JONSSON M P | 2010 | ACS Nano2010，4，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Magnesia-carbonrefractory dissolution in Al-killed low carbon steel显示文摘 | Jansson S Brabie V Jonsson P | 2006 | Ironmaking and Steelmaking2006，33，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Viscosities of LF slags and their impact on ladle refining 显示文摘 | Jonsson P G Jonsson L Siehen D | 1997 | ISIJ International1997，37，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Two different genes encode fihronectin binding proteins in Staphylococcus aureus 显示文摘 | Jonsson K Signas C Muller H P etal | 1991 | Europ J Biochem1991，202，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Elimination of S100( and renal function after cardiac surgery显示文摘 | Jonsson H Johnsson P Hoglund P | 2000 | J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth2000，14，6： | 1 |
| 18 | A simple method for reconstructing a high-quality NDVI Time-series data set based on the Savitzky-Golay Filter显示文摘 | Chen J Jonsson P Tamura M | 2004 | Remote sensing of Environment2004，91，34： | 1 |
| 19 | Support vector machines for face authentication显示文摘 | Jonsson K Kitter J Li Y P | 2002 | Image and Vision Computing2002，20，： | 1 |
| 20 | High-throughput data analysis for detecting and identifying differences between samples in GC/MS-based metabolomic analyses显示文摘 | Jonsson P Johansson A I Gullberg J | 2005 | Anal Chem2005，77，17： | 1 |
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