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| 1 | Effects of food quality on trade-offs among growth, immunity and survival in the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella显示文摘对在任何给定的环境的一个个人可得到的资源是有限的,并且特点反映的生活历史上的变化到竞争生活的这些资源的微分分配工作食物的营养的质量具有在在这研究的这些生活历史决定的特别重要性,我们在生长之中测试了交易,在幼虫在我们发现生长快速的高、平均的营养的质量的节食喂了的3组更大的蜡蛾(街郎 mellonella )的免疫和弱免疫(是由封装反应测量了)在高精力的食物组的幼虫,它更长拿了在食物上发展平均营养不管多么的质量,封装反应在这是更强壮的幼虫在低精力的食物组更长种了,并且有的组我们观察了的最强壮的封装反应在低精力的食物的幼虫的最高的幸存率组织,当最高的死亡率在高精力的食物组被观察时,在身体质量和封装反应的力量之间的重要否定关联仅仅在仅仅在这研究的结果帮助建立关系的最高的增长率揭示在生长和免疫之间的重要竞争的高精力的食物组被发现在食物,它的营养的价值和G. mellonella 幼虫的生活历史特点的类型之间。 | Indrikis Krams Sanita Kecko Katariina Kangassalo Fhionna R. Moore Eriks Jankevics Inna Inashkina Tatjana Krama Vilnis Lietuvietis Laila Meija Markus J. Rantala | 2015 | Insect Science2015，22，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Previous encapsulation response enhances within individual protection against fungal parasite in the mealworm beetle Tenebrio mofitor显示文摘 | Indrikis Krams Janina Daukste Inese Kivleniece Tatjana Krama Markus J. Rantala | 2013 | Insect Science2013，20，6： | 1 |
| 3 | Trade-off between cellular immunity and life span in meal- worm beetles Tenebrio molitor显示文摘 | Indrikis KRAMS Janina DAUKSTE Inese KIVLENIECE Ants KAASIK Tatjana KRAMA Todd M. FREEBERG Markus J. RANTALA | 2013 | Current Zoology2013，59，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Spider odors induce stoichiometric changes in fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster显示文摘Animal senses and signals are amazingly diverse,and the major modalities by which animals acquire sensory input from their environments are sound,light,vibration,and chemical signals.Insects mainly rely on visual,nociceptive,and olfactory cues to discriminate between rewards and risks.It has been shown that the visual and olfactory cues of predators substantially affect the adult phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster(Krams et al.2016),a prominent animal model for biological research. | Ronalds KRAMS Tatjana KRAMA Maris MUNKEVICS Sarah EICHLER David M.BUTLER Linda DOBKEVICA Priit JOERS Jorge CONTRERAS-GARDUNO Janina DAUKSTE Indrikis A.KRAMS | 2021 | Current Zoology2021，67，1： | 0 |
| 5 | Abundance of insects and aerial insectivorous birds in relation to pesticide and fertilizer use显示文摘Background:The abundance of insects has decreased considerably during recent decades,resulting in current abundance showing 70-80%reductions in more than 15 studies across temperate climate zones.Dramatic reduc-tions in the abundance of insects are likely to have consequences for other taxa at higher trophic levels such as preda-tors and parasites.Pesticides,fertilizers and agricultural land use are likely candidates accounting for such reductions in the abundance of insects.Methods:Here we surveyed the abundance of flying insects,and the reduction in the abundance of insects as a consequence of intensive reduction in agricultural practice linked to fertilizer use and pesticide use.Finally we dem-onstrated consistency in abundance of birds among study sites.Results:We demonstrated that the use of fertilizers and pesticides had reduced the abundance of insects,with consequences for the abundance of insectivorous bird species such as Barn Swallows(Hirundo rustica),House Martins(Delichon urbicum)and Swifts(Apus apus).Juvenile Barn Swallows were negatively affected by the reduced abundance of insects and hence the reproductive success of insectivorous bird species.These effects imply that the abundance of insects could be reduced by the availability of insect food.Conclusions:These effects of intensive agriculture on insect food abundance are likely to have negative impacts on populations of insects and their avian predators.This hypothesis was validated by a reduction in the abundance of insects,linked to an increase in the abundance of fertilizers and a general change in farming practice. | Anders Pape Møller Dorota Czeszczewik Einar Flensted-Jensen Johannes Erritzøe Indrikis Krams Karsten Laursen Wei Liang Wiesław Walankiewicz | 2021 | Avian Research2021，12，3： | 0 |
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