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| 1 | Methods, units and quality requirements for the analysis of haemoglobin A_(1c) in diabetes mellitus显示文摘The formation of glycohemoglobin, especially the hemoglobin A1c(Hb_(A1c)) fraction, occurs when glucose becomes coupled with the amino acid valine in the β-chain of Hb; this reaction is dependent on the plasma concentration of glucose. Since the early 1970 s it has been known that diabetics display higher values of Hb_(A1c) because they have elevated blood glucose concentrations. Thus Hb_(A1c) has acquired a very important role in the treatment and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. After the introduction of the first quantitative measurement of Hb_(A1c), numerous methods for glycohemoglobin have been introduced with different assay principles: From a simple minicolumn technique to the very accurate automated highpressure chromatography and lastly to many automated immunochemical or enzymatic assays. In early days, the results of the quality control reports for Hb_(A1c) varied extensively between laboratories, therefore in United States and Canada working groups(WG) of the Diabetes Controls and Complications Trial(DCCT) were set up to standardize the Hb_(A1c) assays against the DCCT/National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program reference method based on liquid chromatography. In the 1990 s, the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine(IFCC) appointed a new WG to plan a reference preparation and method for the Hb_(A1c) measurement. When the reference procedureswere established, in 2004 IFCC recommended that all manufacturers for equipment used in Hb_(A1c) assays should calibrate their methods to their proposals. This led to an improvement in the coefficient of variation(CV%) associated with the assay. In this review, we describe the glycation of Hb, methods, standardization of the Hb_(A1c) assays, analytical problems, problems with the units in which Hb_(A1c) values are expressed, reference values, quality control aspects, target requirements for Hb_(A1c), and the relationship of the plasma glucose values to Hb_(A1c) concentrations. We also note that the acceptance of the mmol/mol system for Hb_(A1c) as recommended by IFCC, i.e., the new unit and reference ranges, are becoming only slowly accepted outside of Europe where it seems that expressing Hb_(A1c) values either only in per cent units or with parallel reporting of percent and mmol/mol will continue. We believe that these issues should be resolved in the future and that it would avoid confusion if mmol/mol unit for Hb_(A1c) were to gain worldwide acceptance. | Ilkka Penttil? Karri Penttil? P?ivi Holm Harri Laitinen P?ivi Ranta Jukka T?rr?nen Rainer Rauramaa | 2016 | World Journal of Methodology2016，6，2： | 3 |
| 2 | Artifacts in MR imaging,description,cause and solutions显示文摘 | Wesbey G Edelman RR Harris R | 1990 | Clin Magn Reson Imaging1990，，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Polymorphism in a novel anti-viral agent:Lamivudine显示文摘 | Harris R K Yeung RR Lamont R B | 1997 | J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 21997，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Bacteremia due to Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) maltophilia:a prospective,multicenter study of 91 episodes显示文摘 | Muder RR Harris AP Muller S | 1996 | Clin Infect Dis1996，22，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Paecoxib sodiumdemonstrates gastrointestinal safety compearable to placebo in healthy subjects 显示文摘 | Harris S1 Stohz RR LeComte D et 'al | 2004 | Clin Gastroenterol2004，38，7： | 1 |
| 6 | Bactermia due to Stenotrophomonas (Xanthomonas) mahophilia: a prospective, multicenter study of 91 episodes 显示文摘 | Muder RR Harris AP Muller S | 1996 | Clin Infect Dis1996，22，： | 1 |
| 7 | Upper GI mucosal effects of parecoxib sodium in healthy elderly subjects显示文摘 | Stoltz RR Harris SI Kuss ME | 2002 | Am J Gastro-enterol2002，97，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist inhibits proteoglyean breakdown in antigen induced but not polycation induced arthritis in the rabbit显示文摘 | Arner EC Harris RR Dimeo TM | 1995 | Rheumatol1995，22，： | 1 |
| 9 | MRI in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis显示文摘 | Caldemeyer KS Smith RR Harris TM | 1994 | Neuroradiology1994，36，： | 1 |
| 10 | Bacteremia due to Stenotrophomonas ( Xanthomonas ) maltophilia: a prospective, multicenter study of 91 episodes 显示文摘 | Muder RR Harris AP Muller S Edmond M Chow JW Papadakis K Wagener MW Bodey GP Steckelberg JM | 1996 | Clin Infect Dis1996，22，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Craniocerebral magnetic resonance imaging measurement and findings in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome显示文摘 | Harris JC Lee RR | 1998 | Arch Neurol1998，55，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Parecoxib sodium demonstratesgastrointestinal safety comparable to placebo in healthy subjects显示文摘 | Harris SI Stohz RR LeComte D | 2004 | Clin Gastromenterol2004，38，7： | 1 |
| 13 | Behavioral profile of P2X(7) receptor knockout mice in animal models of depression and anxiety:Relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders显示文摘 | Basso AM Bratcher NA Harris RR | 2008 | Behav Brain Res2008，10，18： | 1 |
| 14 | Upper GI mucosal effects of parecoxib sodium in healthy elderly subjects 显示文摘 | Stoltz RR Harris SI Kuss ME | 2002 | Am J Gastroenterol2002，97，： | 1 |
| 15 | Partial charge calculation method affects CoMFA QSAR prediction accuracy显示文摘 | Mittal RR Harris L McKinnon RA | 2009 | J Chem Inf Model2009，49，3： | 1 |
| 16 | MRI in acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 显示文摘 | Caldemeyer KS Smith RR Harris TM | 1994 | Neuroradiology1994，36，21： | 1 |
| 17 | Adhesion awareness: a nationwide survey of gynaecologists显示文摘 | Tess Meuleman Marc H.F. Schreinemacher Harry van Goor Erica A. Bakkum P. Joep D?rr | 2013 | European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology2013，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Bacteremia due to stenotrophomonas (xanthomonas) maltophilia: a prospective, multicenter study of 91 episodes显示文摘 | Muder RR Harris AP Muller S | 1996 | Clin Infect Dis1996，22，： | 1 |
| 19 | Behavioral profile of P2X7 receptor knockout mice in animal models of depression and anxiety:relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders显示文摘 | Basso AM Bratcher NA Harris RR | 2009 | Behav Brain Res2009，198，： | 1 |
| 20 | Pareeoxih sodium demonstrates gastrointestinal satety eomparahle to placebo in healthy suhjects显示文摘 | Harris SI Stoltz RR Le Comte D | 2004 | J Clin Gastroentero12004，38，： | 1 |
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