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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | GENETIC PROGRAMMING TO PREDICT SKI-JUMP BUCKET SPILLWAY SCOUR显示文摘Researchers in the past had noticed that application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in place of conventional statistics on the basis of data mining techniques predicts more accurate results in hydraulic predictions. Mostly these works pertained to applications of ANN. Recently, another tool of soft computing, namely, Genetic Programming (GP) has caught the attention of researchers in civil engineering computing. This article examines the usefulness of the GP based approach to predict the relative scour depth downstream of a common type of ski-jump bucket spillway. Actual field measurements were used to develop the GP model. The GP based estimations were found to be equally and more accurate than the ANN based ones, especially, when the underlying cause-effect relationship became more uncertain to model. | AZAMATHULLA H. MD GHANI A. AB ZAKARIA N. A LAI S. H CHANG C. K LEOW C. S ABUHASAN Z | 2008 | Journal of Hydrodynamics2008，20，4： | 4 |
| 3 | 5-Aminolevulinic acid alleviates herbicide-induced physiological and ultrastructural changes in Brassica napus显示文摘It is well known that application of 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA) could promote the plant growth under abiotic stress in oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.). However, the specifics of its physiological and ultrastructural regulation under herbicide stress conditions are poorly understood. In the present study, alleviating role of ALA in B. napus was investigated under four levels of herbicide propyl 4-(2-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yloxy) benzylamino) benzoate(ZJ0273)(0, 100, 200 and 500 mg L–1) with or without 1 mg L–1 ALA treated for 48 or 72 h. Results showed that after 48 h of herbicide stress, the growth of rape seedlings was significantly inhibited with the successive increases of the ZJ0273 concentrations from 0 to 500 mg L–1, but this inhibition was obviously alleviated by exogenous application of ALA. However, when treatment time prolonged to 72 h, the recovery effects of ALA could not be evaluated due to the death of plants treated with the highest concentration of ZJ0273(500 mg L-1). Further, the root oxidizability and activities of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase) were dramatically enhanced by the application of 1 mg L–1 ALA under herbicide stress. Therefore, plants treated with ALA dynamically modulated their antioxidant defenses to reduce reactive oxygen species(ROS) accumulation and malondialdehyde(MDA) content induced by herbicide stress. Additionally, exogenously applied ALA improved the ultrastructure's of chloroplast, mitochondria and nucleus, and induced the production of stress proteins. Our results suggest that ALA could be considered as a potential plant growth regulator for the improvement of herbicide tolerance through alleviation of the physiological and ultrastructural changes induced by the herbicide in crop production. | XU Ling Faisal Islam ZHANG Wen-fang Muhammad A Ghani Basharat Ali | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong显示文摘 | Donnelly C A Ghani A C Leung G M | 2003 | Lancet2003，361，： | 1 |
| 5 | Hot water extractable carbon in soils: A sensitive measurement for determining impacts of fertilization on grazing and cultivation 显示文摘 | Ghani A Dexter M Perrot K W | 2003 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry2003，35，： | 1 |
| 6 | Using the computational fluid dynamics to analyze the thermal sterilization of solid-liquid foodmixture in cans显示文摘 | Ghani A Farid MM | 2006 | Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies2006，7，12： | 1 |
| 7 | The role of acute and early HIV infection in the spread of HIV and implications for transmission prevention strategies in Lilongwe, Malawi: a modelling study显示文摘 | Kimberly A Powers Azra C Ghani William C Miller Irving F Hoffman Audrey E Pettifor Gift Kamanga Francis EA Martinson Myron S Cohen | 2011 | The Lancet . 2011 (9787)2011，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Hot-water extractable carbon in soils~ A sensitive measurement {or determining impacts o{ {ertilization, grazing and cultivation显示文摘 | Ghani A Dexter M Perrott K W | 2003 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry2003，35，9： | 1 |
| 9 | Endothelial progen- itor cells in patients with acute cerebrovascular ischemia 显示文摘 | Mohammad A Ghani U Schwindt B | 2010 | Can J Neurol Sci2010，37，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Challenges for large-scale implementations of spiking neural networks on FPGAs显示文摘 | Maguire LP McGinnity TM Glackin B Ghani A Belatreche A Harkin J | | 0，，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Robot-assisted anatrophic nephrolithotomy with renal hypothermia for managing staghorn calculi显示文摘 | GHANI K R ROGERS C G SOOD A | 2013 | J Endourol2013，27，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Surgical parathyroidectomy versus cina- calcet therapy: In the management of secondary hyperpara- thyroidism显示文摘 | Ghani A Baxter P | 2012 | Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg2012，146，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Online tool wear prediction system in the turning process using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system 显示文摘 | RIZAL M GHANI ] A NUAWI M Z | 2013 | Applied Soft Computing2013，13，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Cooling Efficiency of Fogging Systems for Greenhouses 显示文摘 | Abdel - Ghany A M Kozai T | 2006 | Biosystems Enginneering2006，94，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Some factors affecting retention forces with the use of denture fixatives in vivo 显示文摘 | Ghani F Picton D C A Fand Likeman P R | 1991 | J British Dent1991，6，： | 1 |
| 16 | Hot-water extractable carbon in soils:A sensitive measurement for determining impacts of fertilization, grazing and cultivation显示文摘 | Ghani A Dexter M Perrot K W | 2003 | Soil Biology N- Biochemistry2003，35，： | 1 |
| 17 | Ecological studies of the booklouse,Liposcelis divinalorius (Mull) 显示文摘 | Ghani M A | 1951 | Ecology1951，32，： | 1 |
| 18 | Thermal sterilization of canned food in a 3-D pouch using computational fluid dynamics显示文摘 | ABDUL GHANI A G FARID M M CHEN X D | 2001 | Journal of Food Engineering2001，48，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Generation of a high-titer packaging cell line for the production of retroviral vectors in sus- pension and serum-free media显示文摘 | Ghani K Cottin S Karnen A | 1991 | Gene Ther1991，14，24： | 1 |
| 20 | Shear Strength Characteristics of Sand-Waste Material Mixture显示文摘 | Chow S H Ismail N Ghani A | 2009 | The Institution of Engineers2009，70，1： | 1 |
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