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| 1 | Role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis: What have we learnt in the past 10 years?显示文摘Our understanding of the microbial involvement in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) pathogenesis has increased exponentially over the past decade. The development of newer molecular tools for the global assessment of the gut microbiome and the identification of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 in 2001 and other susceptibility genes for Crohn's disease in particular has led to better understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of IBD. The microbial studies have elaborated the normal composition of the gut microbiome and its perturbations in the setting of IBD. This altered microbiome or 'dysbiosis' is a key player in the protracted course of inflammation in IBD. Numerous genome-wide association studies have identified further genes involved in gastrointestinal innate immunity(including polymorphisms in genes involved in autophagy: ATG16L1 and IGRM), which have helped elucidate the relationship of the local innate immunity with the adjacent luminal bacteria. These developments have also spurred the search for specific pathogens which may have a role in the metamorphosis of the gut microbiome from a symbiotic entity to a putative pathogenic one. Here we review advances in our understanding of microbial involvement in IBD pathogenesis over the past 10 years and offer insight into how this will shape our therapeutic management of the disease in the coming years. | Georgina L Hold Megan Smith Charlie Grange Euan Robert Watt Emad M El-Omar Indrani Mukhopadhya | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，5： | 21 |
| 2 | Oxidative stress in alcohol-related liver disease显示文摘Alcohol consumption is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease and results in high healthcare and economic costs.Heavy alcohol misuse leads to alcohol-related liver disease,which is responsible for a significant proportion of alcohol-attributable deaths globally.Other than reducing alcohol consumption,there are currently no effective treatments for alcohol-related liver disease.Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance in the production and elimination of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants.It plays important roles in several aspects of alcohol-related liver disease pathogenesis.Here,we review how chronic alcohol use results in oxidative stress through increased metabolism via the cytochrome P4502E1 system producing reactive oxygen species,acetaldehyde and protein and DNA adducts.These trigger inflammatory signaling pathways within the liver leading to expression of pro-inflammatory mediators causing hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis.Reactive oxygen species exposure also results in mitochondrial stress within hepatocytes causing structural and functional dysregulation of mitochondria and upregulating apoptotic signaling.There is also evidence that oxidative stress as well as the direct effect of alcohol influences epigenetic regulation.Increased global histone methylation and acetylation and specific histone acetylation inhibits antioxidant responses and promotes expression of key pro-inflammatory genes.This review highlights aspects of the role of oxidative stress in disease pathogenesis that warrant further study including mitochondrial stress and epigenetic regulation.Improved understanding of these processes may identify novel targets for therapy. | Huey K Tan Euan Yates Kristen Lilly Ashwin D Dhanda | 2020 | World Journal of Hepatology2020，12，7： | 6 |
| 3 | Amnion epithelial cells——a novel therapy for ischemic stroke?显示文摘Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability and new therapies are desperately needed. Given the complex nature of ischemic brain injury, it has been postulated that cell-based therapies may be useful. However, cell resources, invasive extraction procedures, immunological rejection, tumorigenesis and ethical challenges make it unlikely that many stem cell types could serve as a practical source for therapy. By contrast, these issues do not pertain to human amnion epithelial cells(h AECs), which are placenta-derived stem cells. We recently assessed the effects of systemically delivered hAECs on stroke outcome using four animal models of stroke. We demonstrated that when injected intravenously after ischemia onset, hAECs migrate preferentially to the spleen and injured brain to limit apoptosis and inflammation, and attenuate early brain infiltration of immune cells, progression of infarction and systemic immunosuppression and to ultimately ameliorate functional deficits. When administration of hAECs is delayed by 1-3 days poststroke, long-term functional recovery can still be enhanced in young and aged mice of either sex. Moreover, our proof-of-principle findings suggest that h AECs are effective at limiting post-stroke infarct development in non-human primates. Overall, the results suggest that hAECs could be a viable clinical stroke therapy. | Megan A.Evans Brad R.S.Broughton Grant R.Drummond Henry Ma Thanh G.Phan Euan M.Wallace Rebecca Lim Christopher G.Sobey | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，8： | 4 |
| 4 | Dark mode plasmonic optical microcavity biochemical sensor显示文摘Whispering gallery mode(WGM) microtoroid optical resonators have been effectively used to sense low concentrations of biomolecules down to the single molecule limit. Optical WGM biochemical sensors such as the microtoroid operate by tracking changes in resonant frequency as particles enter the evanescent near field of the resonator.Previously, gold nanoparticles have been coupled to WGM resonators to increase the magnitude of resonance shifts via plasmonic enhancement of the electric field. However, this approach results in increased scattering from the WGM, which degrades its quality(Q) factor, making it less sensitive to extremely small frequency shifts caused by small molecules or protein conformational changes. Here, we show using simulation that precisely positioned trimer gold nanostructures generate dark modes that suppress radiation loss and can achieve high (> 10~6) Q with an electric-field intensity enhancement of 4300, which far exceeds that of a single rod(~2500 times). Through an overall evaluation of a combined enhancement factor, which includes the Q factor of the system, the sensitivity of the trimer system was improved 105× versus 84× for a single rod. Further simulations demonstrate that unlike a single rod system, the trimer is robust to orientation changes and has increased capture area. We also conduct stability tests to show that small positioning errors do not greatly impact the result. | CHENG LI LEI CHEN EUAN MCLEOD JUDITH SU | 2019 | Photonics Research2019，7，8： | 3 |
| 5 | A Study of the Velocity Field during Evaporation of Sessile Water and Water/Ethanol Drops显示文摘Many studies have investigated evaporation of sessile drops in an attempt to understand the effect of wetting on theevaporation process.Recently interest has also increased in the deposition of particles from such drops,with evaporative massflux being deemed to be responsible for ring-like deposits,and counteraction of the mass flux by Marangoni convection explainingmore uniform deposition patterns.Understanding of such deposition processes is important in biological applications,such as the Litos test-system endorsed by the Russian Ministry of Health for diagnosis of urolithiasis and the evaporation ofcolloidal drops for depositing and organizing proteins and DNA.In most cases where deposition from evaporating drops hasbeen studied,velocity information is inferred from the final deposition pattern or from mathematical modeling based on simplifiedmodels of the physics of the evaporation process.In this study we have directly measured the flow velocities in the baseof sessile drops,using micro particle image velocimetry,viewing the drop from below,through the cover slide.For water drops,a radial pattern of flow was observed with a maximum velocity close to but not at the pinned outer edge.For ‘azeotropic’ethanol/water mixtures,the velocity field is more chaotic to begin with,passing through a phase involving three or four recirculationcells and finally having the same radial pattern as for water drops. | John R.E.Christy Khellil Sefiane Euan Munro | 2010 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2010，7，4： | 2 |
| 6 | ‘Step‐port’ l aparoscopic c ystgastrostomy for the management of organized solid predominant post‐acute fluid collections after severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘 | Simon C. Gibson Bernard F. Robertson Euan J. Dickson Colin J. McKay C. Ross Carter | 2014 | HPB2014，，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Identification and machine learning prediction of knee-point and knee-onset in capacity degradation curves of lithium-ion cells显示文摘High-performance batteries greatly benefit from accurate,early predictions of future capacity loss,to advance the management of the battery and sustain desirable application-specific performance characteristics for as long as possible.Li-ion cells exhibit a slow capacity degradation up to a knee-point,after which the degradation ac-celerates rapidly until the cell’s End-of-Life.Using capacity degradation data,we propose a robust method to identify the knee-point within capacity fade curves.In a new approach to knee research,we propose the concept‘knee-onset’,marking the beginning of the nonlinear degradation,and provide a simple and robust identifica-tion mechanism for it.We link cycle life,knee-point and knee-onset,where predicting/identifying one promptly reveals the others.On data featuring continuous high C-rate cycling(1C–8C),we show that,on average,the knee-point occurs at 95%capacity under these conditions and the knee-onset at 97.1%capacity,with knee and its onset on average 108 cycles apart.After the critical identification step,we employ machine learning(ML)techniques for early prediction of the knee-point and knee-onset.Our models predict knee-point and knee-onset quantitatively with 9.4% error using only information from the first 50 cycles of the cells’life.Our models use the knee-point predictions to classify the cells’expected cycle lives as short,medium or long with 88–90% accuracy using only information from the first 3–5 cycles.Our accuracy levels are on par with existing literature for End-of-Life prediction(requiring information from 100-cycles),nonetheless,we address the more complex problem of knee prediction.All estimations are enriched with confidence/credibility metrics.The uncertainty regarding the ML model’s estimations is quantified through prediction intervals.These yield risk-criteria insurers and manufacturers of energy storage applications can use for battery warranties.Our classification model provides a tool for cell man-ufacturers to speed up the validation of cell production techniques. | Paula Fermin-Cueto Euan McTurk Michael Allerhand Encarni Medina-Lopez Miguel F.Anjos Joel Sylvester Goncalo dos Reis | 2020 | Energy and AI2020，1，1： | 2 |
| 8 | The evolution of the atmosphere in the Archaean and early Proterozoic显示文摘Key steps in atmospheric evolution occurred in the Archaean.The Hadean atmosphere was created by the inorganic processes of volatile accretion from space and degassing from the interior,and then modified by chemical and photochemical processes.The air was probably initially anoxic,though there may have been a supply of oxidation power as a consequence of hydrodynamic escape to space of hydrogen from water.Early subduction may have removed CO2 and the Hadean planet may have been icy.In the Archaean,as anoxygenic and then oxygenic photosynthesis evolved,biological activity remade the atmosphere.Sedimentological evidence implies there were liquid oceans despite the faint young Sun.These oceans may have been sustained by the greenhouse warming effect of biologically-made methane.Oxygenesis in the late Archaean would have released free O2 into the water.This would have created oxic surface waters,challenging the methane greenhouse.After the Great Oxidation Event around 2.3 to 2.4 billion years ago,the atmosphere itself became oxic,perhaps triggering a glacial crisis by cutting methane-caused greenhouse warming.By the early Proterozoic,all the key biochemical processes that maintain the modern atmosphere were probably present in the microbial community. | NISBET Euan FOWLER C Mary R | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，1： | 2 |
| 9 | Demonising the dingo: How much wild dogma is enough?显示文摘 | Mike LETNIC Mathew S. CROWTHER Christopher R. DICKMAN Euan G. RITCHIE | 2011 | Current Zoology2011，57，5： | 2 |
| 10 | Melanocortin receptors and erectile function显示文摘 | WILLIAM J MARTIN D EUAN M | 2004 | Eur Urol2004，45，6： | 1 |
| 11 | A novel 3-dimensional micro-ultrasound approach to automated measurement of carotid arterial plaque volume as a biomarker for experimental atherosclerosis显示文摘 | Matthew Walker Barry R. Campbell Karim Azer Christopher Tong Kaijie Fang Jacquelynn J. Cook Michael J. Forrest Kimberly Kempadoo Samuel D. Wright Jeffrey S. Saltzman Euan MacIntyre Richard Hargreaves | 2009 | Atherosclerosis2009，，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Public perception of development issues: impact of water pollution on a small coastal community 显示文摘 | KIM CHIN TRAN JORGE EUAN MARIA LUISA ISIA | 2002 | Ocean & Coastal Management2002，45，67： | 1 |
| 13 | Exercise testing in clinical medicine显示文摘 | Jonathan Myers Victor Froelicher | 2000 | The Lancet2000，356，4： | 1 |
| 14 | The effect of maintenance energy requirements on biomass production during wastewater treatment显示文摘 | Euan L W Howard C A | 1999 | Water Research1999，33，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Spinal and cutaneous schwannomatosis is a variant form of type 2 neurofibromatosis ; a clinical and molecular study 显示文摘 | Euans DG Mason S Huson SM | 1997 | Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry1997，62，： | 1 |
| 16 | Patterns and prognosis of all components of the J-wave pattern in multiethnic athletes and ambulatory patients显示文摘 | David Muramoto Celina M. Yong Nikhil Singh Sonya Aggarwal Marco Perez Euan Ashley David Hadley Victor Froelicher | 2013 | American Heart Journal2013，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Compensation for dead time degradation of PWM inverter waveforms显示文摘 | Dodson R C Euans P D Yazdi H | 1990 | IEEE Proc1990，137，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Public perception of development issues:impact of water pollution on a small coastal community显示文摘 | Tran K C Euan J Isla M L | 2002 | Ocean & Coastal Management2002，45，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Economic values of ecological services from a mangrove ecosystem显示文摘 | Cabrera M A Seijo J C Euan J | 1998 | International Newsletter of Coastal Management1998，33，： | 1 |
| 20 | Development of a Two-Phase Cosolvent Washing-Fungal Biosorption Process for the Remediation of DDT-Contaminated Soil显示文摘 | Albert L. Juhasz Euan Smith Julie Smith Ravendra Naidu | 2003 | Water Air and Soil Pollution (-)2003，，1： | 1 |
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