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| 1 | The national forest inventory in China:history-results-international context显示文摘Background:National forest resource assessments and monitoring,commonly known as National Forest Inventories(NFI's),constitute an important national information infrastructure in many countries.Methods:This study presents details about developments of the NFI in China,including sampling and plot design,and the uses of alternative data sources,and specifically· reviews the evolution of the national forest inventory in China through the 20 th and 21 st centuries,with some reference to Europe and the US;· highlights the emergence of some common international themes:consistency of measurement; more efficient sampling designs; implementation of improved technology; expansion of the variables monitored; scientific transparency;· presents an example of how China's expanding NFI exemplifies these global trends.Results:Main results and important changes in China's NFI are documented,both to support continued trend analysis and to provide data users with historical perspective.Conclusions:New technologies and data needs ensure that the Chinese NFI,like the national inventories in other countries,will continue to evolve.Within the context of historical change and current conditions,likely directions for this evolution are suggested. | Wei Sheng Zeng Erkki Tomppo Sean P.Healey Klaus V.Gadow | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，4： | 8 |
| 2 | Advantages of white LED lamps and new detector technology in photometry显示文摘Light emitting diode(LED)lighting is becoming more and more popular,as incandescent lamps are being phased out globally.LEDs have several advantages over incandescent lamps,including energy efficiency,robustness,long lifetime,and good temporal stability.The three latter features make LEDs attractive candidates as new photometric standards.Because the spectra of white LEDs are limited to the visible wavelength range,a novel method for the realization of photometric units based on the predictable quantum efficient detector(PQED)can be utilized.The method eliminates the need of photometric filters that are traditionally used in photometry,and instead relies on carrying out the photometric weighting numerically based on the measured relative spectrum of the source.The PQED-based realization simplifies the traceability chain of photometric measurements significantly as compared with the traditional filter-based method.The measured illuminance values of a white LED deviate by only 0.03%when determined by the new and the traditional methods.The new PQED method has significantly lower expanded uncertainty of 0.26%(k=52)as compared with that of the traditional filter-based method of 0.42%(k=52).Furthermore,when filtered photometers that measure LED lighting are calibrated using LED lamps as calibration sources instead of incandescent lamps,a significant decrease in the uncertainty related to the spectral mismatch correction can be obtained.The maximum spectral mismatch errors of LED measurements decreased on average by a factor of 3 when switching from an incandescent lamp to an LED calibration source. | Tomi Pulli Timo Donsberg Tuomas Poikonen Farshid Manoocheri Petri Karha Erkki Ikonen | 2015 | Light(Science & Applications)2015，4，1： | 8 |
| 3 | Height increment of understorey Norway spruces under different tree canopies显示文摘Background:Stands having advance regeneration of spruce are logical places to start continuous cover forestry(CCF) in fertile and mesic boreal forests.However,the development of advance regeneration is poorly known.Methods:This study used regression analysis to model the height increment of spruce understorey as a function of seedling height,site characteristics and canopy structure.Results:An admixture of pine and birch in the main canopy improves the height increment of understorey.When the stand basal area is 20 m2ha-1 height increment is twice as fast under pine and birch canopies,as compared to spruce.Height increment of understorey spruce increases with increasing seedling height.Between-stand and within-stand residual variation in the height increment of understorey spruces is high.The increment of 1/6 fastest-growing seedlings is at least 50%greater than the average.Conclusions:The results of this study help forest managers to regulate the density and species composition of the stand,so as to obtain a sufficient height development of the understorey.In pure and almost pure spruce stands,the stand basal area should be low for a good height increment of the understorey. | Olavi Laiho Timo Pukkala Erkki Lhde1 | 2014 | Forestry Studies in China2014，16，1： | 5 |
| 4 | Optimizing any-aged management of mixed boreal forest under residual basal area constraints显示文摘The current trend of forest management in many countries is reduced use of clear-felling and planting, and increased use of continuous cover management. In Finland, the new forest act of 2014 made all types of cuttings equally allowable on the condition that if the post-cutting residual stand basal area is too low, the stand must be regenerated within certain time frame. Forest landowner can freely choose between evenand uneven-aged management. This study developed a method for optimizing the timing and type of cuttings without the need to categorize the management system as either even-aged or uneven-aged. A management system that does not set any requirements on the sequence of post-cutting diameter distributions is called any-aged management. Planting or sowing was used when stand basal area fell below the required minimum basal area and the amount of advance regeneration was less than required in the regulations. When the cuttings of 200 stands managed earlier with even-aged silviculture were optimized with the developed system, final felling followed by artificial regeneration was selected for almost 50% of stands. Reduction of the minimum basal area limit greatly decreased the use of artificial regeneration but improved profitability, suggesting that the truly optimal management would be to use natural regeneration in financially mature stands. The optimal type of thinning was high thinning in 97–99 % of cases. It was calculated that the minimum basal area requirement reduced the mean net present value of the stands by 12–16 % when discount rate was 3–5 %. | Timo Pukkala Erkki L?hde Olavi Laiho | 2014 | Journal of Forestry Research2014，25，3： | 5 |
| 5 | The quasi-biennial and semi-annual oscillation features of tropical O_3, NO_2, and NO_3 revealed by GOMOS satellite observations for 2002-2008显示文摘The quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) and semi-annual oscillation (SAO) characteristics of O3, NO2, and NO3 from 2002 to 2008 were analyzed using Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) satellite observations. From investigations of the vertical and latitudinal structures of interannual anomalies for O3 and the vertical velocity of the residual circulation (w-star), we conclude that dynamic transport is the principal factor controlling the QBO pattern of O3. Under the influence of vertical transport, the QBO signals of O3 originate in the middle stratosphere and propagate downward along with the wstar anomalies over the equator. The residual circulation has a significant role in tropical regions, regardless of altitude, while in extratropical regions, dynamic effects are important in some years in the lower stratosphere. In the middle stratosphere, dynamic transport is most efficient in the Southern Hemisphere. We also analyzed NO2 anomalies and found that their QBO pattern was deep and sta- tionary in the middle and upper stratosphere over the equator. This was due to the large depth over which w-star was anomalous. The latitudinal structure of NO2 was asymmetric in extratropical areas in the middle stratosphere, but in the upper layers, the QBO pattern and dynamic influences were only observed in tropical zones. The interannual anomalies of NO3 had an apparent SAO pattern in the tropical upper stratosphere because of different dynamic and chemical effects in different SAO phases. Chemical reactions may also have contributed to the QBO-type distribution of NO2 and the SAO-type distribution of NO3. | LIU Yi LU ChunHui WANG Yong KYROLA Erkki | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，18： | 5 |
| 6 | Milk protein IgG and IgA:The association with milk-induced gastrointestinal symptoms in adults显示文摘AIM:To study the association between serum levels of milk protein IgG and IgA antibodies and milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms in adults.METHODS:Milk protein IgG and IgA antibodies were determined in serum samples of 400 subjects from five outpatient clinics in Southern Finland.Subjects were randomly selected from a total of 1900 adults undergoing laboratory investigations in primary care.All 400 participants had completed a questionnaire on abdominal symptoms and dairy consumption while waiting for the laboratory visit.The questionnaire covered the nature and frequency of gastrointestinal problems,the provoking food items,family history and allergies.Twelve serum samples were disqualifi ed due to insuff icient amount of sera.The levels of specif ic milk protein IgG and IgA were measured by using the ELISA technique.The association of the milk protein-specific antibody level was studied in relation to the milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms and dairy consumption.RESULTS:Subjects drinking milk(n=265) had higher levels of milk protein IgG in their sera than non-milk drinkers(n=123,P<0.001).Subjects with gastrointestinal problems related to milk drinking(n=119) consumed less milk but had higher milk protein IgG levels than those with no milk-related gastrointestinal symptoms(n=198,P=0.02).Among the symptomatic subjects,those reporting dyspeptic symptoms had lower milk protein IgG levels than non-dyspeptics(P<0.05).However,dyspepsia was not associated with milk drinking(P=0.5).The association of high milk protein IgG levels with constipation was close to the level of statistical signif icance.Diarrhea had no association with milk protein IgG level(P=0.5).With regard to minor symptoms,flatulence and bloating(P=0.8),were not associated with milk protein IgG level.Milk protein IgA levels did not show any association with milk drinking or abdominal symptoms.The levels of milk protein IgA and IgG declined as the age of the subjects increased(P<0.004).CONCLUSION:Milk protein IgG but not milk IgA seems to be associated with self-reported milk-induced gastrointestinal symptoms. | Sari Anthoni Erkki Savilahti Hilpi Rautelin Kaija-Leena Kolho | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，39： | 3 |
| 7 | The Outcome of Patients With Right Atrial Isomerism is Poor显示文摘 | Marianne P. Eronen Kristiina A. U. Aittom?ki Eero O. Kajantie Heikki I. Sairanen Erkki J. Pesonen | 2013 | Pediatric Cardiology2013，，2： | 3 |
| 8 | High-sensitivity C-reactive protein in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘AIM:To study whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) measurement can aid the assessment of disease activity and glucocorticoid treatment in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:CRP levels were measured in 39 children with IBD undergoing colonoscopy [median age 12.8 years,Crohn's disease(CD) n=20],in 22 other children with IBD followed for acute response to glucocorticoids,and in 33 paediatric non-IBD patients.When standard CRP level was below detection limit(<5mg/L),hs-CRP was analyzed.RESULTS:Sixty-four percent(25/39) of the children with IBD undergoing colonoscopy displayed undetectable(<5mg/L) standard CRP levels.Of these,the hs-CRP measurement could not differentiate between active(median,0.2 mg/L,range,0.007-1.37,n=17) or quiescent(0.1 mg/L,0.01-1.89,n=8,P=NS) disease.Patients with ileocolonic CD had higher CRP levels(14mg/L,0.06-45,n=13) than patients with no ileal involvement(0.18 mg/L,0.01-9,n=7,P<0.01) or ulcerative colitis(UC)(0.13 mg/L,0.007-23,P<0.05).In children with active IBD treated with systemic glucocorticoids,the standard CRP was undetectable in 59% of the patients.The hs-CRP levels did not differ between patients that responded to steroid therapy and in non-responders.CONCLUSION:The measurement of hs-CRP did not prove useful in the assessment of disease activity or glucocorticoid treatment in paediatric IBD patients that had undetectable standard CRP. | Marianne Sidoroff Riitta Karikoski Taneli Raivio Erkki Savilahti Kaija-Leena Kolho | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，23： | 3 |
| 9 | Faecal calprotectin and lactoferrin are reliable surrogate markers of endoscopic response during Crohn’s disease treatment显示文摘 | Taina Sipponen Clas-Gö ran AF Bjö rkesten Martti Fä rkkilä Hannu Nuutinen Erkki Savilahti Kaija-Leena Kolho | 2010 | Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology2010，，3： | 2 |
| 10 | A dynamic performance measurement system: evidence from small Finnish technology companies显示文摘 | Erkki K Laitinen | 2001 | Scandinavian Journal of Management2001，，1： | 2 |
| 11 | 人类增强的一次热带风暴对近岸珊瑚礁的影响显示文摘土地开发以其造成的土壤加速侵蚀和迁移所产生的水体悬浮物及沉积物而成为人类对珊瑚礁的最主要的威胁。我们研究了一次热带风暴后沉积物对圣卢西亚(St.Lucia)珊瑚礁群落的影响,发现最靠近大的河流河口的珊瑚礁沉积物比较多,珊瑚损失比较大。一些地点的珊瑚死亡率超过了50%,其死亡率和褪色的程度取决于当地的沉积物数量。尽管工程师们努力降低侵蚀率,我们仍然发现风暴来临时正在修建的公路附近的地点有更多的沉积物。我们的资料表明土地开发对珊瑚礁有很大的负效应。假如土地开发的需求不断增加,并且大西洋热带地区大风暴近来频繁,问题可能会进一步加剧。 | Joshua Sladek Nowlis Callum M.Roberts Allan H.Smith Erkki Siirila 裴晓菲 | 1997 | 人类环境杂志1997，26，8： | 2 |
| 12 | Synergistic effect of chitin nanofibers and polyacrylamide on electrochemical performance of their ternary composite with polypyrrole显示文摘Development of simple methods for preparation of polymeric electrode materials with nanofibrous network structure is a perspective way toward cheap supercapacitors with high specific capacitance and energy density. In this work one-pot synthesis of electroactive ternary composite based on polypyrrole, polyacrylamide and chitin nanofibers with beneficial morphology was elaborated. Ternary system demonstrates better electrochemical performance in comparison with both polypyrrole–polyacrylamide and polypyrrole–chitin binary composites. Possible mechanism of synergistic effect of simultaneous influence of polyacrylamide and chitin nanofibers on the formation of composite's structure is discussed.The highest attained specific capacitance of electroactive polypyrrole in ternary composite reached 249 F/g at 0.5 A/g and 150 F/g at 32 A/g. Symmetrical supercapacitor was assembled using the elaborated electrode material. High specific capacitance 89 F/g and good cycling stability with capacitance retention of 90% after 3000 cycles at 2 A/g were measured. | Michael A.Smirnov Maria P.Sokolova Natalya V.Bobrova Alexander M.Toikka Pierfrancesco Morganti Erkki Lahderanta | 2018 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2018，27，3： | 2 |
| 13 | The RGD story: a personal account显示文摘 | Erkki Ruoslahti | 2003 | Matrix Biology2003，，6： | 2 |
| 14 | Performance Analysis of the FastICA Algorithm and Cramer - Rao Bounds for Linear Independent Component Analysis显示文摘 | Petr Tichavsky Zbynek Koldoysky Erkki Oja | 2006 | IEEE Trans on Signal Processing 542006，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Prevalence, awareness and treatment of hypertension in Finland during 1982–2007显示文摘 | Mika Kastarinen Riitta Antikainen Markku Peltonen Tiina Laatikainen Noel C Barengo Antti Jula Veikko Salomaa Pekka Jousilahti Aulikki Nissinen Erkki Vartiainen Jaakko Tuomilehto | 2009 | Journal of Hypertension2009，，8： | 1 |
| 16 | Evolution of aluminosilicate structure and mullite crystallization from homogeneous nanoparticulate sol–gel precursor with organic additives显示文摘 | Jarkko Leivo Mika Lindén Jessica M. Rosenholm Merja Ritola Cilaine V. Teixeira Erkki Lev?nen Tapio A. M?ntyl? | 2008 | Journal of the European Ceramic Society2008，，9： | 1 |
| 17 | RGD AND OTHER RECOGNITION SEQUENCES FOR INTEGRINS显示文摘 | Erkki Ruoslahti | 1996 | Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology1996，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Bankruptcy prediction Application of the Taylor's expansion in logistic regression 显示文摘 | Erkki K Laitinen Teija Laitinen | 2000 | International Review of Financial Analysis2000，9，： | 1 |
| 19 | A new curve detection method:Randomized Hough transform RHT显示文摘 | Lei XU Erkki OJA Pekka KULTANEN | 1990 | Pattern Recognition Letters1990，11，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Proteoglycans in cell regulation显示文摘 | Erkki R | 1989 | Biol Chemistry1989，264，13： | 1 |
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