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| 1 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 2 | 颅内血管神经介入治疗的适应证美国心脏协会心血管放射学和介入委员会、卒中委员会、心血管外科和麻醉委员会、外周血管病跨学科委员会以及护理质量和转归研究跨学科委员会的联合学术声明显示文摘颅内血管内介入是一种使用微侵袭血管内技术治疗脑血管病的方法。该专业领域在过去10年里取得了巨大进展,而且随着该学科得到越来越多的临床认可,这种进步的速度还在加快。 | Philip M. Meyers H. Christian Schumacher Randall T. Higashida Stanley L. Barnwell Mark A. Creager Rishi Gupta Cameron G. McDougall Dilip K. Pandey David Sacks Lawrence R. Wechsler 乔梵(译) 刘建民(译) 洪波(译) | 2009 | 国际脑血管病杂志2009，17，10： | 16 |
| 3 | Anti-inflammatory effects of bifidobacteria by inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB activation显示文摘AIM: Different strains of bifidobacteria were analysed for their effects on HT-29 intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in in vitro models both of the non-inflamed and inflamed intestinal epithelium. METHODS: A reporter gene system in HT-29 cells was used to measure levels of NF-KB activation after challenge with bifidobacteria or after bacterial pre-treatment following LPS challenge. IL-8 protein and pro-inflammatory gene expression was investigated using normal HT-29 cells. RESULTS: None of the bifidobacteria tested induced activation of nuclear factor KB (NF-KB) indicating that bifidobacteria themselves do not induce inflammatory events in IECs. However, six out of eight bifidobacteria tested inhibited lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced NFKB activation in a dose- and strain-dependent manner. In contrast, NF-KB activation in response to challenge with tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) was affected by none of the tested bifidobacteria, indicating that the inhibitory effect of bifidobacteria is specific for LPS-induced inflammation in IECs. As shown with two of the six inhibitionpositive bifidobacteria, LPS-induced inhibition of NFKB activation was accompanied by a dose-dependent decrease of interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion and by lower mRNA levels for IL-8, TNF-a, cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). CONCLUSION: Some strains of bifidobacteria are effective in inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation and thus might be appropriate candidates for probiotic intervention in chronic intestinal inflammation. | Christian U Riedel Francis Foata David Philippe Oskar Adolfsson Bernhard J Eikmanns Stephanie Blum | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，23： | 14 |
| 4 | Primary hepatic carcinoid:A case report and literature review显示文摘Carcinoids are tumors derived from neuroendocrine cells and often produce functional peptide hormones.Approximately 54.5% arise in the gastrointestinal tract and frequently metastasize to the liver.Primary hepatic carcinoid tumors(PHCT) are extremely rare;only 95 cases have been reported.A 65-year-old man came to our attention due to occasional ultrasound findings in absence of clinical manifestations.His previous medical history,since 2003,included an echotomography of the dishomogeneous parenchymal area but no focal lesions.A computed tomography scan performed in 2005 showed an enhanced pseudonodular-like lesion of about 2 cm.Cholangio-magnetic resonance imaging identified the lesion as a possible cholangiocarcinoma.No positive findings were obtained with positron emission tomography.Histology suggested a secondary localization in the liver caused by a low-grade malignant neuroendocrine tumor.Immunohistochemistry was positive for anti chromogranin antibodies,Ki67 antibodies and synaptophysin.Octreoscan scintigraphy indicated intense activity in the lesion.Endoscopic investigations were performed to exclude the presence of extrahepatic neoplasms.Diagnosis of PHCT was established.The patient underwent left hepatectomy,followed by hormone therapy with sandostatine LAR.Two months after surgery he had a lymph nodal relapse along the celiac trunk and caudate lobe,which was histologically confirmed.The postoperative clinical course was uneventful,with a negative follow-up for hematochemical,clinical and radiological investigations at 18 mo post-surgery.Diagnosis of PHCT is based principally on the histopathological confi rmation of a carcinoid tumor and the exclusion of a non-hepatic primary tumor.Surgical resection is the recommended primary treatment for PHCT.Recurrence rate and survival rate in patients treated with resection were 18% and 74%,respectively. | Luigi Maria Fenoglio Sara Severini Domenico Ferrigno Giovanni Gollè Cristina Serraino Christian Bracco Elisabetta Castagna Chiara Brignone Fulvio Pomero Elena Migliore Ezio David Mauro Salizzoni | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，19： | 14 |
| 5 | 内蒙古羊草和大针茅草原下垫面水汽、CO_2通量输送特征显示文摘利用涡动相关技术对2007年8月18日~9月12日在内蒙古羊草和大针茅草原样地上进行微气象观测,比较了两种草原生态系统下垫面水汽、CO2通量交换的差异,结果表明:(1)羊草样地的气温、地表温度和水汽压较小;羊草和大针茅样地的地表反射率平均值分别为0.17和0.16;(2)受土壤水分胁迫控制,羊草和大针茅样地的有效能量主要分配为感热通量,平均波文比分别为3.70和2.69,潜热通量在大针茅样地更大,有随着土壤湿度持续减小而减小的趋势;(3)羊草和大针茅样地在观测期间表现为CO2的源,日均释放率分别为0.97 g.CO2.m-2.d-1和0.43 g.CO2.m-2.d-1。受土壤水分胁迫和草地生理作用的控制,日间羊草和大针茅样地都出现了CO2通量的衰减。 | 王雷 刘辉志 David Schaffrath Christian Bernhofer | 2010 | 高原气象2010，29，3： | 12 |
| 6 | Intentional ingestions of foreign objects among prisoners: A review显示文摘The intentional ingestion of foreign objects(IIFO) is described more commonly in prison populations than in the general population, with an estimated annual incidence of 1 in 1900 inmates in our state correctional facilities. Incidents often involve ingestion of small metal objects(e.g., paperclips, razor blades) or other commonly available items like pens or eating utensils. Despite ingestion of relatively sharp objects, most episodes can be clinically managed with either observation or endoscopy. Surgery should be reserved for those with signs or symptoms of gastrointestinal perforation or obstruction. For those with a history of IIFO, efforts should focus on prevention of recurrenceas subsequent episodes are associated with higher morbidity, significant healthcare and security costs. The pattern of IIFO is often repetitive, with escalation both in frequency of ingestions and in number of items ingested. Little is known about successful prevention strategies, but efforts to monitor patients and provide psychiatric care are potential best-practice strategies. This article aims to provide state-of-the art review on the topic, followed by a set of basic recommendations. | David C Evans Thomas R Wojda Christian D Jones Andrew J Otey Stanislaw P Stawicki | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，3： | 10 |
| 7 | 复杂并发症产生在简单并且 polycystic 肝包囊显示文摘 Liver cysts are common,affecting 5%-10% of the population.Most are asymptomatic,however 5% of patients develop symptoms,sometimes due to complications and will require intervention.There is no consensus on their management because complications are so uncommon.The aim of this study was to perform a collected review of how a series of complications were managed at our institutions.Six different patients presenting with rare complications of liver cysts were obtained from Hepatobiliary Units in the United Kingdom and The Netherlands.History and radiological imaging were obtained from case notes and computerised radiology.As a result,1 patient admitted with inferior vena cava obstruction was managed by cyst aspiration and lanreotide;1 patient with common bile duct obstruction was first managed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and stenting,followed by open fenestration;1 patient with ruptured cysts and significant medical co-morbidities was managed by percutaneous drainage;1 patient with portal vein occlusion and varices was managed by open liver resection;1 patient with infected cysts was treated with intravenous antibiotics and is awaiting liver transplantation.The final patient with a simple liver cyst mimicking a hydatid was managed by open liver resection.In conclusion,complications of cystic liver disease are rare,and we have demonstrated in this series that both operative and non-operative strategies have defined roles in management.The mainstays of treatment are either aspiration/sclerotherapy or,alternatively laparoscopic fenestration.Medical management with somatostatin analogues is a potentially new and exciting treatment option but requires further study. | Christian Macutkiewicz Ricci Plastow Melissa Chrispijn Rafik Filobbos Basil A Ammori David J Sherlock Joost PH Drenth Derek A O’Reilly | 2012 | World Journal of Hepatology2012，4，12： | 10 |
| 8 | 放牧强度对内蒙古半干旱草原地气间能量和物质交换的影响显示文摘利用涡度相关技术,于2006年7月27日至8月10日在内蒙古半干旱草原三种放牧强度的下垫面进行微气象观测。本文分析了放牧强度对内蒙古半干旱草原地气间能量和物质交换的影响,发现:(1)放牧降低植被覆盖率,使地表反射率增大。(2)放牧使潜热通量减小。而放牧强度最大的锡林河河道潜热通量最大,表明土壤水分状况是半干旱草原地表能量收支的决定性因素。(3)羊草和冬季放牧观测点日平均CO2通量分别为-1.92g·m-2·d-1和0.73g·m-2·d-1,表明放牧可以使草地由CO2的汇转变为源。锡林河河道为CO2的汇,日平均CO2通量-3.35g·m-2·d-1,与羊草比较,锡林河河道吸收CO2更多,表明土壤湿度是影响半干旱草原CO2通量交换的重要因素。(4)放牧通过减小叶面积指数,减弱植被的光合作用能力。 | 王雷 刘辉志 Bettina KETZER David SCHAFFRATH Christian BERNHOFER | 2009 | 大气科学2009，33，6： | 10 |
| 9 | The effect of microclimate on wood decay is indirectly altered by tree species diversity in a litterbag study显示文摘Aims We studied the influence of tree species diversity on the dynamics of coarse wood decomposition in developing forest communities in a natural,topographically heterogeneous landscape.Using the litter bag technique,we investigated how and to which extent canopy tree species richness or the exclusion of mesoinvertebrates and macroinvertebrates affected wood decomposition in the light of natural variations in the microclimate.We compared the relative importance of the two aspects(experimental treatment versus microclimate)on wood decay rates using Schima superba as a standard litter.Methods Coarse woody debris(CWD)was deposited in litter bags with two different mesh sizes in a total of 134 plots along a gradient of canopy tree species richness(0-24 species).Wood decomposition was assessed at two consecutive time points,one and three years after deposition in the field.Local climatic conditions were assessed throughout the duration of the experiment.Microclimatic conditions were assessed both,directly in the field as well as indirectly via correlations with local topography.We used analysis of variance based approaches to assess the relative importance of the treatments(community tree species richness and macro invertebrate exclusion)and microclimatic conditions on wood decay.Important Findings No direct influence of tree species richness on wood decay could be detected.However,the exclusion of macroinvertebrates significantly decreased wood decomposition rates.In addition,microclimatic conditions accounted for a substantial proportion of explained variance in the observed data.Here,wood decomposition was negatively affected by low mean temperatures and high variations in local humidity and temperature.However,tree species richness as well as the respective species composition affected the presence of termites within forest communities.These,in turn,significantly increased the decay of CWD.The strength of both,experimental treatment and microclimate increased with ongoing decomposition.We conclude that,while tree species richness per se has no direct influence on wood decomposition,its influence on the local arthropod decomposer community(especially the presence of termites)does have an effect. | David Eichenberg Katherina Pietsch Christian Meister Wenyong Ding Mingjian Yu Christian Wirth | 2017 | Journal of Plant Ecology2017，10，1： | 5 |
| 10 | AME证据系列001--转化医学协会:脓毒症诊断和早期识别的临床实践指南显示文摘脓毒症是一种由感染引起的异质性疾病,感染触发了一系列复杂的局部或者全身的免疫炎症反应,引起多器官功能衰竭,发病率和病死率显著升高。由于至今仍然没有诊断脓毒症的金标准,所以脓毒症的临床诊断仍是一个难题。因此,脓毒症的临床诊断需要不断改变来满足临床和研究的要求。然而,尽管有许多新型的生物标记和筛选工具去预测脓毒症发生的风险,但是这些措施的诊断价值和有效性不足以让人满意,并且没有充分的证据去建议临床使用这些新技术。因此,脓毒症的临床诊断标准需要定期更新去适应不断产生的新证据。这篇综述旨在呈现当前脓毒症的诊断和早期识别方面的最新研究证据。临床运用不同的诊断方法的推荐意见依赖于推荐、评价、发展和评估分级体系(Grades of Recommendation Assessment,Development and Evaluation,GRADE),因为大部分的研究是观察性研究,并没有对这些方法进行可靠评估,采用的是两步推理方法。未来需要更多研究来确认或者反驳某一特殊的指标检测,同时应该直接采用相关病人的结果数据。 | Zhongheng Zhang Nathan J.Smischney Haibo Zhang Sven Van Poucke Panagiotis Tsirigotis Jordi Rello Patrick M.Honore Win Sen Kuan Juliet June Ray Jiancang Zhou You Shang Yuetian Yu Christian Jung Chiara Robba Fabio Silvio Taccone Pietro Caironi David Grimaldi Stefan Hofer George Dimopoulos Marc Leone Sang-Bum Hong Mabrouk Bahloul Laurent Argaud Won Young Kim Herbert D.Spapen Jose Rodolfo Rocco 张建成(译) 尚游(译) 钟鸣(校) | 2016 | 临床与病理杂志2016，36，10： | 5 |
| 11 | Three-Dimensional Sub-100 nm Super-Resolution Imaging of Biological Samples Using a Phase Ramp in the Objective Pupil显示文摘本地化显微镜学由测量单个分子的位置比 30 nm 更好与侧面的分辨率获得光图象克服衍射限制。单个分子本地化显微镜学原来仅仅在二种尺寸被表明,但是最近被扩大了到三种尺寸。这里,我们开发一条新途径到三维(3D ) 由一台荧光显微镜的点传播功能(PSF ) 的工程的本地化显微镜学。由介绍在客观学生飞机的二一半之间的一个线性阶段坡度, PSF 被分成位置取决于其亲戚的二片侧面的脑叶散焦。计算建议从小忍耐导致用漂流玻璃做的常规幻灯片的并行的阶段坡度将是足够的产生二脑叶的 PSF。我们表明占据与快为 3D 本地化评价适合算法的一篇小说相结合的半客观的孔的一个合适选择的显微镜幻灯片的那插入在所有三种尺寸在 100 nm 下面与详细分辨率允许 nanoscopic 成像很好(在 x 的 20 , 16 ,和 42 nm 的标准差, y ,和 z 方向,分别地)。途径的用途被成像在与常规近红外线的 fluorochromes 被染色的心肌房间看微导管的复杂 3D 分发。直接光安装,最小的硬件要求和大轴的本地化范围为许多 nanoscopic 成像应用程序使这条途径合适。 | David Baddeley Mark B. Cannell Christian Soeller | 2011 | Nano Research2011，4，6： | 4 |
| 12 | Phased,chromosome-scale genome assemblies of tetraploid potato reveal a complex genome,transcriptome,and predicted proteome landscape underpinning genetic diversity显示文摘Cultivated potato is a clonally propagated autotetraploid species with a highly heterogeneous genome.Phased assemblies of six cultivars including two chromosome-scale phased genome assemblies revealed extensive allelic diversity,including altered coding and transcript sequences,preferential allele expression,and structural variation that collectively result in a highly complex transcriptome and predicted proteome,which are distributed across the homologous chromosomes.Wild species contribute to the extensive allelic diversity in tetraploid cultivars,demonstrating ancestral introgressions predating modern breeding efforts.As a clonally propagated autotetraploid that undergoes limited meiosis,dysfunctional and deleterious alleles are not purged in tetraploid potato.Nearly a quarter of the loci bore mutations are predicted to have a high negative impact on protein function,complicating breeder’s efforts to reduce genetic load.The StCDF1 locus controls maturity,and analysis of six tetraploid genomes revealed that 12 allelic variants of StCDF1 are correlated with maturity in a dosage-dependent manner.Knowledge of the complexity of the tetraploid potato genome with its rampant structural variation and embedded deleterious and dysfunctional alleles will be key not only to implementing precision breeding of tetraploid cultivars but also to the construction of homozygous,diploid potato germplasm containing favorable alleles to capitalize on heterosis in F1 hybrids. | Genevieve Hoopes Xiaoxi Meng John P.Hamilton Sai Reddy Achakkagari Fernanda de Alves Freitas Guesdes Marie E.Bolger Joseph J.Coombs Danny Esselink Natalie R.Kaiser Linda Kodde Maria Kyriakidou Brian Lavrijssen Natascha van Lieshout Rachel Shereda Heather K.Tuttle Brieanne Vaillancourt Joshua C.Wood Jan Mde Boer Nolan Bornowski Peter Bourke David Douches Herman Jvan Eck Dave Ellis Max J.Feldman Kyle M.Gardner Johannes C.P.Hopman Jiming Jiang Walter S.De Jong Joseph C.Kuhl Richard G.Novy Stan Oome Vidyasagar Sathuvalli Ek Han Tan Remco A.Ursum M.Isabel Vales Kelly Vining Richard G.F.Visser Jack Vossen G.Craig Yencho Noelle L.Anglin Christian W.B.Bachem Jeffrey B.Endelman Laura M.Shannon Martina V.Stromvik Helen H.Tai Bjorn Usadel C.Robin Buell Richard Finkers | 2022 | Molecular Plant2022，15，3： | 4 |
| 13 | Carbon Isotope Discrimination is not Correlated with Transpiration Efficiency in Three Cool-Season Grain Legumes(Pulses)显示文摘叶子的碳同位素辨别(tp#pdC ) 被显示了在大量种类与叶子的蒸发效率被相关。这导致了在引起节目为改进蒸发效率选择被使用的 tp#pdC。在 tp#pdC 和蒸发效率之间的关联在小扁豆(透镜 culinaris Medikus ) 的六遗传型在生育相期间在浇得好的条件下面被决定,嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.) 的六遗传型和狭窄叶的植物(Lupinus 狭叶的的 L.) 的 10 栽培变种。在所有三种和蒸发效率在遗传型之中改变的生物资源(干物质) 累积和水使用(蒸发) 更高是 40% ~ 75% 在与最不有效的遗传型相比最有效。然而, tp#pdC 和蒸发效率显著地没在任何种类被相关。这建议 tp#pdC 技术不能在学习的三条豆科粮食罪(脉搏) 为蒸发效率在选择被使用。 | Neil C.Turner Jairo A.Palta Renuka Shrestha Christiane Ludwig Kadambot H.M.Siddique David W.Turner | 2007 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2007，49，10： | 3 |
| 14 | Dietary stimulation of the endogenous somatotropic axis in weaner and growerfinisher pigs using medium chain triglycerides and cysteamine hydrochloride显示文摘Background: Three experiments were conducted to examine the overall hypothesis that addition of medium chain triglycerides(MCT) and cysteamine hydrochloride(CSH) into the diets of young and growing pigs would stimulate the endogenous somatotropic axis to improve growth and performance.Results: In Experiment 1, weaner pigs were given either a 5 d dietary supplement of 5 % MCT(n = 8) or a control diet(n = 8). MCT increased the plasma concentration of growth hormone(GH; P < 0.05) and the GH secretagogue,ghrelin(P < 0.05). Additionally, the MCT treatment reduced scouring(P < 0.05), maintained villous height in the small intestine(P < 0.05) and stabilised daily weight gain(P < 0.05), compared to the controls. Experiment 2compared the effects of 4 levels(0, 1, 3 and 6 % v/v) of MCT supplementation in grower-finisher male pigs, of approximately 35 kg live weight(n = 15 per treatment). Blood samples taken after 7 wk of treatment showed that the MCT supplementation increased circulating ghrelin(P < 0.001), GH(P < 0.01) and insulin(P < 0.05)concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Daily weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by the MCT diets. In Experiment 3, 64 female pigs of approximately 60 kg live weight were allocated to one of three dietary treatments: control(n = 20); 6 % MCT(n = 21); and 70 mg/kg CSH(n = 21). After 3 wk of supplementation, the MCT treated pigs had a higher plasma concentration of ghrelin compared to the control and CSH pigs(P < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of GH and weight were not affected by any of the dietary treatments.Conclusions: Evidence is provided in Experiment 1 to support the use of dietary MCT supplements, perhaps acting via stimulation of somatotropic endocrine pathways, to minimise weaning-associated disorders such as slowing of growth and diarrhoea. In Experiments 2 and 3, although there was no effect on weight gain or feed conversion ratio in either experiment, MCT and CSH increased endocrine components of the somatotropic axis. | David W.Miller Zoe Prosser Edward Y.W.Chee Christian F.Hansen Frank R.Dunshea Bruce P.Mullan John R.Pluske | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，2： | 3 |
| 15 | Alcohol, intestinal bacterial growth, intestinal permeability to endotoxin, and medical consequences: Summary of a symposium显示文摘 | Vishnudutt Purohit J. Christian Bode Christiane Bode David A. Brenner Mashkoor A. Choudhry Frank Hamilton Y. James Kang Ali Keshavarzian Radhakrishna Rao R. Balfour Sartor Christine Swanson Jerrold R. Turner | 2008 | Alcohol2008，，5： | 3 |
| 16 | 颅内囊性脑动脉瘤血管内治疗的报道标准显示文摘背景和目的本文旨在为颅内脑动脉瘤的放射学评价和血管内治疗的报道标准、术语和书面定义提供共识性推荐意见。这些标准旨在设计临床试验,为患者的合理选择和分层提供统一的定义,并且允许对报道的数据进行分析和汇总分析。方法本文是由技术评价委员会、神经介入外科学会、介入放射学学会、美国神经外科医师协会和神经外科医师大会的脑血管神经外科联合分会以及美国神经病学学会卒中和介入神经病学分会组成的联合写作组起草完成的。对1991年1月-2007年12月美国国立医学图书馆文献数据库(PubMed)进行计算机检索,以确定已发表的涉及脑动脉瘤的评价和血管内治疗的脑血管介入治疗数据,以此作为质量评价的基准。我们设法确定那些可能影响操作成功和并发症风险的相关危险因素。本文针对脑动脉瘤血管内治疗临床试验设计方面的重要因素,提供了各种临床和技术方面的基本原则。本指南还包含了对这类临床试验统一报道标准的建议。这些定义和标准主要用于研究目的;不过,它们对于临床实践也应有所帮助,并且适用于所有出版物。结论脑动脉瘤的评价和治疗常常涉及多个医学专业。为制定破裂和未破裂脑动脉瘤的临床处理指南,美国心脏协会最近发辰的综述已对相关医学文献进行了回顾。尽管努力综合了脑动脉瘤评价和治疗方面的现有认识,但在以研究和报道为目的的术语和定义方面仍存在明显的不一致性。这些可操作的定义是由一个多学科写作组一致选择的,用来使涉及脑动脉瘤的临床试验和观察性研究中的影像学相关报道一致。这些定义应有助于不同组织发表能够直接进行比较的研究结果。 | Philip M. Meyers Christian Schumacher Randall T. Higashida Colin P. Derdeyn Gary M. Nesbit David Sacks Lawrence R. Wechsler Joshua B. Bederson Sean D. Lavine Peter Rasmussen 廖煜君(译) 宋冬雷(译) | 2009 | 国际脑血管病杂志2009，17，12： | 3 |
| 17 | CTGF antagonism with mAb FG-3019 enhances chemotherapy response without increasing drug delivery in murine ductal pancreas cancer显示文摘 | Albrecht Neesse Kristopher K. Frese Tashinga E. Bapiro Tomoaki Nakagawa Mark D. Sternlicht Todd W. Seeley Christian Pilarsky Duncan I. Jodrell Suzanne M. Spong David A. Tuveson | 2013 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences2013，，30： | 3 |
| 18 | European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Preterm Infants - 2013 Update显示文摘 | Sweet David G Carnielli Virgilio Greisen Gorm Hallman Mikko Ozek Eren Plavka Richard Saugstad Ola D Simeoni Umberto Speer Christian P Vento Maximo Halliday Henry L | 2013 | Neonatology2013，，4： | 3 |
| 19 | Towards a standard diet-induced and biopsy-confirmed mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: Impact of dietary fat source显示文摘BACKGROUND The trans-fat containing AMLN(amylin liver non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH)diet has been extensively validated in C57BL/6J mice with or without the Lep^ob/Lep^ob(ob/ob)mutation in the leptin gene for reliably inducing metabolic and liver histopathological changes recapitulating hallmarks of NASH.Due to a recent ban on trans-fats as food additive,there is a marked need for developing a new diet capable of promoting a compatible level of disease in ob/ob and C57BL/6J mice.AIM To develop a biopsy-confirmed mouse model of NASH based on an obesogenic diet with trans-fat substituted by saturated fat.METHODS Male ob/ob mice were fed AMLN diet or a modified AMLN diet with trans-fat(Primex shortening)substituted by equivalent amounts of palm oil[Gubra amylin NASH,(GAN)diet]for 8,12 and 16 wk.C57BL/6J mice were fed the same diets for 28 wk.AMLN and GAN diets had similar caloric content(40%fat kcal),fructose(22%)and cholesterol(2%)level.RESULTS The GAN diet was more obesogenic compared to the AMLN diet and impaired glucose tolerance.Biopsy-confirmed steatosis,lobular inflammation,hepatocyte ballooning,fibrotic liver lesions and hepatic transcriptome changes were similar in ob/ob mice fed the GAN or AMLN diet.C57BL/6J mice developed a mild to moderate fibrotic NASH phenotype when fed the same diets.CONCLUSION Substitution of Primex with palm oil promotes a similar phenotype of biopsyconfirmed NASH in ob/ob and C57BL/6J mice,making GAN diet-induced obese mouse models suitable for characterizing novel NASH treatments. | Michelle L Boland Denise Oro Kirstine S T■lb■l Sebastian T Thrane Jens Christian Nielsen Taylor S Cohen David E Tabor Fiona Fernandes Andrey Tovchigrechko Sanne S Veidal Paul Warrener Bret R Sellman Jacob Jelsing Michael Feigh Niels Vrang James L Trevaskis Henrik H Hansen | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，33： | 3 |
| 20 | Computed tomographic colonography versus colonoscopy for investigation of patients with symptoms suggestive of colorectal cancer (SIGGAR): a multicentre randomised trial显示文摘 | Wendy Atkin Edward Dadswell Kate Wooldrage Ines Kralj-Hans Christian von Wagner Rob Edwards Guiqing Yao Clive Kay David Burling Omar Faiz Julian Teare Richard J Lilford Dion Morton Jane Wardle Steve Halligan | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，： | 3 |
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