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| 1 | A Review on Recent Development of Cooling Technologies for Photovoltaic Modules显示文摘When converting solar energy to electricity,a big proportion of energy is not converted for electricity but for heating PV cells,resulting in increased cell temperature and reduced electrical efficiency.Many cooling technologies have been developed and used for PV modules to lower cell temperature and boost electric energy yield.However,little crucial review work was proposed to comment cooling technologies for PV modules.Therefore,this paper has provided a thorough review of the up-to-date development of existing cooling technologies for PV modules,and given appropriate comments,comparisons and discussions.According to the ways or principles of cooling,existing cooling technologies have been classified as fluid medium cooling(air cooling,water cooling and nanofluids cooling),optimizing structural configuration cooling and phase change materials cooling.Potential influential factors and sub-methods were collected from the review work,and their contributions and impact have been discussed to guide future studies.Although most cooling technologies reviewed in this paper are matured,there are still problems need to be solved,such as the choice of cooling fluid and its usability for specific regions,the fouling accumulation and cleaning of enhanced heat exchangers with complex structures,the balance between cooling cost and net efficiency of PV modules,the cooling of circulating water in tropical areas and the freezing of circulating water in cold areas.To be advocated,due to efficient heat transfer and spectral filter characters,nanofluids can promote the effective matching of solar energy at both spectral and spatial scales to achieve orderly energy utilization. | ZHANG Chunxiao SHEN Chao WEI Shen WANG Yuan LV Guoquan SUN Cheng | 2020 | Journal of Thermal Science2020，29，6： | 5 |
| 2 | Differentiations of geographic distribution and subsistence strategies between Tibetan and other major ethnic groups are determined by the physical environment in Hehuang Valley显示文摘The people of the Tibetan Plateau have received extensive attention from scholars because of their unique adaptability to the low temperature and anoxic environments. However, the Tibetan communities and their habitats in the low-altitude regions of the plateau have rarely been studied in a scientific manner. Based on the extraction of geographic information of 197 towns in the Hehuang Valley and on variance analysis, this study examines the habitats and subsistence strategies of the Tibetans and other major ethnic groups in the low-latitude region of the Tibetan Plateau. Our statistical results show that the annual average temperature of Tibetan habitats in the Hehuang Valley is relatively high. The relatively warm environment of the valley allows the Tibetans in that area to cultivate wheat and barley and raise cattle and sheep—a subsistence strategy significantly different from that of other Tibetans in the high-altitude regions in the Tibetan Plateau. In addition, the Tibetan communities in the Hehuang Valley include similar agri-pastoral ethnic groups (including Hui and Salar), both of which adopt similar subsistence strategies. The agricultural ethnic groups (Han and Tu) live in a relatively cool and humid environment facilitating agricultural production, while the agri-pastoral ethnic groups (Tibetan, Hui, and Salar) inhabit relatively warm and arid environment in the valley. Due to the lack of agricultural activities, agri-pastoral groups must also engage in animal husbandry to supplement their diet. In the Ando Tibetan region, the subsistence strategies of the ethnic groups are closely related to their physical environment.Those ethnic groups communicate among themselves, integrate, and influence each other, resulting in a diversified culture. This study proves that the habitat variation at a regional scale corresponds significantly to the variation of subsistence strategies. Our findings may further refine knowledge about the human-environmental relationships of Tibetans and lead future research towards using quantitative methods to analyse the intersection of physical environment and ethnic groups' distribution. | Xin JIA Harry F.LEE Mengchun CUI Guoquan CHENG Yang ZHAO Hong DING Ricci P.H.YUE Huayu LU | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，2： | 2 |
| 3 | Study on location adjustment model of store area in distribution center based on shortest picking time显示文摘 | Xing Meifang Wang Zhuan Cheng Guoquan | 2011 | Procedia Engineering2011，，24： | 1 |
| 4 | Research on MRP/JIT integration and application in medical equipment production management concerned with spare part manufacturing显示文摘 | Zhang Qinghua Cheng Guoquan Wang Zhuan | | 0，，12： | 1 |
| 5 | 显示文摘 | Li Zhenhua Xiang Guoquan Cheng Xianhua | 2006 | Materials and Design2006，27，： | 1 |
| 6 | Production Situation and Development Trends of Hydrogen Peroxide in China | Wu Guoquan, Li Cheng, Liu Shimei, Wu Qiujun, Wang Qingji, Liu Zonghai, Song Shuli, from Qingdao Soda Ash Industrial Co., Ltd. | 2009 | China Chemical Reporter2009，，16： | 0 |
| 7 | Evaluation of 0.3% Agricultural Antibiotic 702 AS against Three Pathogenic Fungi of Rice显示文摘[Objective] The paper was to study control effect and bio-control potential of 0.3% agricultural antibiotic 702 aqueous solution(AS) against Rhizoctonia solani,Magnaporthe grisea and Ustilaginoidea virens. [Method] The toxicity effect of 0.3% agricultural antibiotic 702 AS against R. solani,M. grisea and U. virens were studied by mycelial growth rate method and mycelial wet weight method. [Result] The EC50 and EC90 values of agricultural antibiotics 702 AS to R.solani,M. grisea and U. virens in vitro condition were 4.16 and 16.17 mg/L,16.05 and 41.85 mg/L,111.2 and 389.0 mg/L,respectively. Agricultural antibiotics 702 AS had good inhibition effect against R. solani and M. grisea and could basically achieve the effects of commercially available Jinggangmycin and kasugamycin,but the inhibition effect against U. virens was relatively weak. The preventive activity of aqueous solution was obviously higher than treatment activity.[Conclusion] 0.3% Agricultural antibiotic 702 AS is considered to be a potential biological control agent against R. solani,M. grisea and U. virens,and can be used as the potential alternative pesticide of Jinggangmycin. | Tu Xiaorong Wei Saijin Cheng Xin Zhou Yun Tu Guoquan | 2013 | Plant Diseases and Pests2013，4，3： | 0 |
| 8 | Separation of lithium and nickel using ionic liquids and tributyl phosphate显示文摘With the vigorous development of the electronics industry,the consumption of lithium continues to increase,and more lithium needs to be mined to meet the development of the industry.The content of lithium in the solution is much higher than that of minerals,but the interference of impurity ions increases the difficulty of extracting lithium ions.Therefore,we prepared an imidazole-based ionic liquid(1-butyl-3-methylImidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide)(IL)for efficient lithium extraction from aqueous solutions by solvent extraction.Using an extraction consisting of 10%IL,85% tributyl phosphate(TBP),and 5% dichloroethane and an organic to aqueous phase ratio(O/A)of 2/1,over 64.23% of Li were extracted,and the extraction rate after five-stage extraction could reach more than 96%.The addition of ammonium ions to the solution inhibited the extraction of Ni,and the separation coefficient between lithium and nickel approached infinity,showing a very perfect separation effect.Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy and slope methods were used to analyze the changes that occurred during extraction,revealing possible extraction mechanisms.In addition,the LiCl solution generated during the preparation of ionic liquids was mixed with the stripping solution,and the battery-grade lithium carbonate was prepared by Na_(2)CO_(3) precipitation,with a purity of 99.74%.This study provides an efficient and sustainable strategy for recovering lithium from the solution. | Kun Wang Guoquan Zhang Linye Li Yuzhang Li Xiangxin Liao Pu Cheng Mingzhi Luo | 2023 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2023，63，11： | 0 |
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