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| 1 | Total mesorectal excision for mid and low rectal cancer: laparoscopic vs robotic surgery显示文摘AIM: To compare the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic surgery for middle and low rectal cancer.METHODS: This is a retrospective study on a prospectively collected database containing 111 patients who underwent minimally invasive rectal resection with total mesorectal excision(TME) with curative intent between January 2008 and December 2014(robot, n = 53; laparoscopy, n = 58). The patients all had a diagnosis of middle and low rectal adenocarcinoma with stage?Ⅰ-Ⅲ disease. The median follow-up period was 37.4 mo. Perioperative results, morbidity a pathological data were evaluated and compared. The 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were calculated and compared.RESULTS: Patients were comparable in terms of preoperative and demographic parameters. The median surgery time was 192 min for laparoscopic TME(L-TME) and 342 min for robotic TME(R-TME)(P < 0.001). There were no differences found in the rates of conversion to open surgery and morbidity. Thepatients who underwent laparoscopic surgery stayed in the hospital two days longer than the robotic group patients(8 d for L-TME and 6 d for R-TME, P < 0.001). The pathologic evaluation showed a higher number of harvested lymph nodes in the robotic group(18 for R-TME, 11 for L-TME, P < 0.001) and a shorter distal resection margin for laparoscopic patients(1.5 cm for L-TME, 2.5 cm for R-TME, P < 0.001). The three-year overall survival and disease-free survival rates were similar between groups.CONCLUSION: Both L-TME and R-TME achieved acceptable clinical and oncologic outcomes. The robotic technique showed some advantages in rectal surgery that should be validated by further studies. | Francesco Feroci Andrea Vannucchi Paolo Pietro Bianchi Stefano Cantafio Alessia Garzi Giampaolo Formisano Marco Scatizzi | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，13： | 22 |
| 2 | Intranasal nerve growth factor bypasses the blood-brain barrier and affects spinal cord neurons in spinal cord injury显示文摘The purpose of this work was to investigate whether,by intranasal administration,the nerve growth factor bypasses the blood-brain barrier and turns over the spinal cord neurons and if such therapeutic approach could be of value in the treatment of spinal cord injury.Adult Sprague-Dawley rats with intact and injured spinal cord received daily intranasal nerve growth factor administration in both nostrils for 1 day or for 3 consecutive weeks.We found an increased content of nerve growth factor and enhanced expression of nerve growth factor receptor in the spinal cord 24 hours after a single intranasal administration of nerve growth factor in healthy rats,while daily treatment for 3 weeks in a model of spinal cord injury improved the deficits in locomotor behaviour and increased spinal content of both nerve growth factor and nerve growth factor receptors.These outcomes suggest that the intranasal nerve growth factor bypasses blood-brain barrier and affects spinal cord neurons in spinal cord injury.They also suggest exploiting the possible therapeutic role of intranasally delivered nerve growth factor for the neuroprotection of damaged spinal nerve cells. | Luigi Aloe Patrizia Bianchi Alberto De Bellis Marzia Soligo Maria Luisa Rocco | 2014 | Neural Regeneration Research2014，9，10： | 17 |
| 3 | S100B protein in tissue development,repair and regeneration显示文摘The Ca 2+-binding protein of the EF-hand type,S100B,exerts both intracellular and extracellular regulatory activities.As an intracellular regulator,S100B is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism,transcription,protein phosphorylation,cell proliferation,survival,differentiation and motility,and Ca 2+ homeostasis,by interacting with a wide array of proteins(i.e.,enzymes,enzyme substrates,cytoskeletal subunits,scaffold/adaptor proteins,transcription factors,ubiquitin E3 ligases,ion channels) in a restricted number of cell types.As an extracellular signal,S100B engages the pattern recognition receptor,receptor for advanced glycation end-products(RAGE),on immune cells as well as on neuronal,astrocytic and microglial cells,vascular smooth muscle cells,skeletal myoblasts and cardiomyocytes.However,RAGE may not be the sole receptor activated by S100B,the protein being able to enhance bFGF-FGFR1 signaling by interacting with FGFR1-bound bFGF in particular cell types.Moreover,extracellular effects of S100B vary depending on its local concentration.Increasing evidence suggests that at the concentration found in extracellular fluids in normal physiological conditions and locally upon acute tissue injury,which is up to a few nM levels,S100B exerts trophic effects in the central and peripheral nervous system and in skeletal muscle tissue thus participating in tissue homeostasis.The present commentary summarizes results implicating intracellular and extracellular S100B in tissue development,repair and regeneration. | Guglielmo Sorci Francesca Riuzzi Cataldo Arcuri Claudia Tubaro Roberta Bianchi Ileana Giambanco Rosario Donato | 2013 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2013，4，1： | 14 |
| 4 | Role of symptoms in diagnosis and outcome of gastric cancer显示文摘Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers and the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Apart from Japan, where screening programmes have resulted in early diagnosis in asymptomatic patients, in most countries the diagnosis of gastric cancers is invariably made on account on dyspeptic and alarm symptoms, which may also be of prognostic significance when reported by the patient at diagnosis. However, their use as selection criteria for endoscopy seems to be inconsistent since alarm symptoms are not sufficiently sensitive to detect malignancies. In fact, the overall prevalence of these symptoms in dyspeptic patients is high, while the prevalence of gastro-intestinal cancer is very low. Moreover, symptoms of early stage cancer may be indistinguishable from those of benign dyspepsia, while the presence of alarm symptoms may imply an advanced and often inoperable disease. The features of dyspeptic and alarm symptoms may reflect the pathology of the tumour and be of prognostic value in suggesting site, stage and aggressiveness of cancer. Alarm symptoms in gastric cancer are independently related to survival and an increased number, as well as specific alarm symptoms, are closely correlated to the risk of death.Dysphagia, weight loss and a palpable abdominal mass appear to be major independent prognostic factors in gastric cancer, while gastro-intestinal bleeding, vomiting and also duration of symptoms, do not seem to have a relevant prognostic impact on survival in gastric cancer. | Giovanni Maconi Gianpiero Manes Gabriele Bianchi Porro | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，8： | 11 |
| 5 | Pre-illness changes in dietary habits and diet as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease: A case-control study显示文摘AIM: To evaluate whether symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), before diagnosis modify dietary habits, and to investigate the pre-illness diet in patients with recent IBD in comparison with an age-matched healthy control group. METHODS: Overall, 83 new cases of IBD (41 ulcerative colitis, 42 Crohn's disease) and 160 healthy controls were studied. Portions per week of 34 foods and beverages before onset of symptoms were recorded using a validated questionnaire. Duration of symptoms before IBD diagnosis, presence of specific symptoms and their impact on subjective changes in usual dietary habits were also recorded. The association between diet and IBD was investigated by multiple logistic regression and dietary patterns were assessed by factor analysis. RESULTS: Changes in dietary habits, due to the presence of symptoms, were reported by 38.6% of patients and were not significantly related to specific symptoms, rather to long duration of symptoms, only in Crohn's disease patients. In IBD patients who did not change dietary habits, moderate and high consumption of margarine (OR = 11.8 and OR = 21.37) was associated with ulcerative colitis, whilst high consumption of red meat (OR = 7.8) and high intake of cheese were associated with Crohn's disease. CONCLUSION: More than one third of IBD patients change dietary habits before diagnosis. Margarine, red meat and cheese increase the risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. | Giovanni Maconi Sandro Ardizzone Claudia Cucino Cristina Bezzio Antonio Giampiero Russo Gabriele Bianchi Porro | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，34： | 10 |
| 6 | Adipose tissue and vascular inflammation in coronary artery disease显示文摘Obesity has become an important public health issue in Western and developing countries,with well known metabolic and cardiovascular complications.In the last decades,evidence have been growing about the active role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ in determining these pathological consequences.As a consequence of the expansion of fat depots,in obese subjects,adipose tissue cells develope a phenotypic modification,which turns into a change of the secretory output.Adipocytokines produced by both adipocytes and adipose stromal cells are involved in the modulation of glucose and lipid handling,vascular biology and,moreover,participate to the systemic inflammatory response,which characterizes obesity and metabolic syndrome.This might represent an important pathophysiological link with atherosclerotic complications and cardiovascular events.A great number of adipocytokines have been described recently,linking inflammatory mileu and vascular pathology.The understanding of these pathways is crucial not only from a pathophysiological point of view,but also to a better cardiovascular disease risk stratification and to the identification of possible therapeutic targets.The aim of this paper is to review the role of Adipocytokines as a possible link between obesity and vascular disease. | Enrica Golia Giuseppe Limongelli Francesco Natale Fabio Fimiani Valeria Maddaloni Pina Elvira Russo Lucia Riegler Renatomaria Bianchi Mario Crisci Gaetano Di Palma Paolo Golino Maria Giovanna Russo Raffaele Calabrò Paolo Calabrò | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，7： | 8 |
| 7 | Gastroesophageal reflux and Helicobacter pylori:a review显示文摘INTRODUCTION Since the observation by Labenz et al thateradication of Helicobacter pylori(Hp)infectionmay be followed by development of refluxesophagitis in a relevant proportion of duodenalulcer patients previously not affected bygastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),agrowing attention has been given to the | F Pace G Bianchi Porro | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，3： | 6 |
| 8 | Does needle calibre affect pain and complication rates in patients undergoing transperineal prostate biopsy? A prospective, randomized trial显示文摘Transperineal 前列腺活体检视是能被用来从前列腺获得组织学的样品的一个过程。两个都改进活体检视核心样品和前列腺癌症察觉的质量,我们当前正在执行比较用 18 G 针获得到用 16 G 针获得的那些的前列腺活体检视样品的未来的、使随机化的试用。这初步的研究的目的是在两个组评估疼痛和复杂并发症率以便估计与一根更大的口径针执行前列腺活体检视是否是一个可行过程。经历 transperineal 前列腺活体检视的 187 个病人有希望地被评估并且把组划分了成二。第一个组(94 个病人,组织 A ) 用 16 G 针和第二个组收到了 transperineal 前列腺活体检视(93 个病人,组织 B ) 与 18 G 针经历了 transperineal 前列腺活体检视。麻醉在所有题目在 prostatic 顶与单个会阴的注射被获得。视觉类似物规模(管) 和面部表情规模(FES ) 被用来在每个组在过程的多重步期间估计疼痛。因为它能潜在地影响病人们经历了的疼痛和复杂并发症,一张详细问询表被用来关于药使用获得信息。在过程以后的二个星期,早、迟了的复杂并发症被评估。统计分析用非参量的测试被执行。前列腺特定的抗原(PSA ) 和药使用在在二个组之间的基线是类似的。疼痛没在 18- 和 16 个 G 针组之间显著地在前列腺活体检视,与 VAS 和 FES 仪器一起被测量,期间不同,并且没有重要差别处于在这些组之间的早或迟了的复杂并发症率被发现。有 16 G 针的 Transperineal 前列腺活体检视以疼痛和复杂并发症率是一个可行过程。有更大的耐心的人口的进一步的研究被要求估计这个过程是否能改进前列腺癌症察觉率。 | Saredi Giovanni Maria Chiara Sighinolfi Fidanza Francesco De Stefani Stefano Micali Salvatore Maurizio Paterlini Roberto D'Amico Bianchi Giampaolo | 2009 | Asian Journal of Andrology2009，11，6： | 6 |
| 9 | Orthogonal design for optimization of pigment extraction from surface sediments of the Changjiang River Estuary显示文摘Using a suitable solvent for extracting pigments from sediment for high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis is critical for obtaining qualitative and quantitative estimates of phytoplanktonic and benthic algal biomass,as well as community composition. Five methodological factors(sample dehydration,extraction solvent,extraction duration,number of extractions,and ratio of solvent volume:sample weight) were studied using an L 9(3 4 ) orthogonal design in a sedimentary pigment extraction experiment on samples collected from the Changjiang large-river delta-front estuary(LDE),using HPLC analysis. The results show that the optimal extraction method for sedimentary pigments should include freeze-drying samples prior to extraction. The effects of different factors on sedimentary pigment extraction were separated by the L 9(3 4 ) orthogonal design experiments and showed that the extraction solvent was the most important,with extraction duration the second most important,and numbers of extraction and ratio of solvent volume:sample weight was the least important. The mixed solvent treatment comprised of acetone,methanol and water(80:15:5,by volume) was best for polar pigment extraction,with 100% acetone better for apolar pigments. For most pigments employed in this study(i.e.,peridinin,fucoxanthin,alloxanthin,diatoxanthin,zeaxanthin,pheophytin-a and β-carotene) ,3 h was found to be enough time for extraction from these deltaic sediments. However,for chlorophyll-a,the most important pigment used for estimating algal biomass,12 h was needed. A small amount of solvent(3 ml) with duplicate extractions obtained the greatest amount and diversity of pigments. Unfortunately,no extraction method was found to be suitable for all pigments in sediments. The choice of extraction procedure should be made in accordance with the objective of each study,taking into consideration the properties of sediments and pigments in question. | ZHAO Jun YAO Peng YU Zhigang Thomas S Bianchi | 2011 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2011，30，4： | 6 |
| 10 | Metabolic shift in liver: Correlation between perfusion temperature and hypoxia inducible factor-1α显示文摘AIM: To study at what temperature the oxygen carried by the perfusate meets liver requirements in a model of organ perfusion. METHODS: in this study, we correlated hypoxia induciblefactor(Hi F)-1α expression to the perfusion temperature and the hepatic oxygen uptake in a model of isolated perfused rat liver. Livers from Wistar rats were perfused for 6 h with an oxygenated medium at 10, 20, 30 and 37 ℃. Oxygen uptake was measured by an oxygen probe; lactate dehydrogenase activity, lactate release and glycogen were measured spectrophotometrically; bile flow was gravitationally determined; p H of the perfusate was also evaluated; Hi F-1α m RNA and protein expression were analyzed by real time-polymerase chain reaction and ELi SA, respectively. RESULTS: Livers perfused at 10 and 20 ℃ showed no difference in lactate dehydrogenase release after 6 h of perfusion(0.96 ± 0.23 vs 0.93 ± 0.09 m U/min per g) and had lower hepatic damage as compared to 30 and 37 ℃(5.63 ± 0.76 vs 527.69 ± 45.27 m U/min per g, respectively, P s < 0.01). After 6 h, tissue ATP was significantly higher in livers perfused at 10 and 20 ℃than in livers perfused at 30 and 37 ℃(0.89 ± 0.06 and 1.16 ± 0.05 vs 0.57 ± 0.09 and 0.33 ± 0.08 nmol/mg, respectively, P s < 0.01). No sign of hypoxia was observed at 10 and 20 ℃, as highlighted by low lactate release respect to livers perfused at 30 and 37 ℃(121.4 ± 12.6 and 146.3 ± 7.3 vs 281.8 ± 45.3 and 1094.5 ± 71.7 nmol/m L, respectively, P s < 0.02), and low relative Hi F-1α m RNA(0.40 ± 0.08 and 0.20 ± 0.03 vs 0.60 ± 0.20 and 1.47 ± 0.30, respectively, P s < 0.05) and protein(3.72 ± 0.16 and 3.65 ± 0.06 vs 4.43 ± 0.41 and 6.44 ± 0.82, respectively, P s < 0.05) expression.CONCLUSION: Livers perfused at 10 and 20 ℃ show no sign of liver injury or anaerobiosis, in contrast to livers perfused at 30 and 37 ℃. | Andrea Ferrigno Laura Giuseppina Di Pasqua Alberto Bianchi Plinio Richelmi Mariapia VairettiAndrea Ferrigno | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，4： | 5 |
| 11 | The use of choline in association with the Bangerter filters for the treatment of amblyopia显示文摘The study investigated the effects of choline combined with Bangerter filter in the treatment of amblyopia. All amblyopic subjects used a Bangerter filter on the corrective spectacle lens(1 d over the left eye, 1 d over the right eye). Choline was then administered orally to 39 patients once daily, five days per week for the entire study period. Subjects treated with the Bangerter filter showed a mean visual acuity of 0.27 logM AR; at 12 mo of treatment, the mean visual acuity reached 0.09 log MAR. Patients treated with the Bangerter filter and citicoline showed a mean visual acuity of 0.35 log MAR; at 12 mo of treatment, the mean visual acuity reached 0.01 logMAR. No significant changes in the angle of deviation were observed in both groups. Subjects in both forms of amblyopia therapies demonstrated an increase in visual acuity. However, these effects were markedly enhanced when coupled with the administration of choline. Findings suggest that the effects are particularly relevant in the more severe amblyopic cases. | Lelio Sabetti Francesco Masedu Chiara Tresca Federica Bianchi Marco Valenti | 2017 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2017，10，11： | 5 |
| 12 | Potential advantages of acute kidney injury management by mesenchymal stem cells显示文摘Mesenchymal stem cells are currently considered as a promising tool for therapeutic application in acute kidney injury(AKI) management. AKI is characterized by acute tubular injury with rapid loss of renal function. After AKI, inflammation, oxidative stress and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix are the molecular events that ultimately cause the end-stage renal disease. Despite numerous improvement of supportive therapy, the mortality and morbidity among patients remain high. Therefore, exploring novel therapeutic options to treat AKI is mandatory. Numerous evidence in animal models has demonstrated the capability of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) to restore kidney function after induced kidney injury. After infusion, MSCs engraft in the injured tissue and release soluble factors and microvesicles that promote cell survival and tissue repairing. Indeed, the main mechanism of action of MSCs in tissue regeneration is the paracrine/endocrine secretion of bioactive molecules. MSCs can be isolated from several tissues, including bone marrow, adipose tissue, and blood cord; pre-treatment procedures to improve MSCs homing and their paracrine function have been also described. This review will focus on the application of cell therapy in AKI and it will summarize preclinical studies in animal models and clinical trials currently ongoing about the use of mesenchymal stem cells after AKI. | Francesca Bianchi Elisa Sala Chiara Donadei Irene Capelli Gaetano La Manna | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，5： | 5 |
| 13 | Neuroendocrine carcinomas arising in ulcerative colitis:Coincidences or possible correlations?显示文摘Patients with in· ammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of colorectal malignancies. Adenocarcinoma is the commonest type of colorectal neoplasm associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease, but other types of epithelial and non-epithelial tumors have also been described in inflamed bowel. With regards to non-epithelial malignancies, lymphomas and sarcomas represent the largest group of tumors reported in association with IBD, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Carcinoids and in particular neuroendocrine neoplasms other than carcinoids (NENs) are rare tumors and are infrequently described in the setting of IBD. Thus, this association requires further investigation. We report two cases of neoplasms arising in mild left-sided UC with immuno-histochemical staining for neuroendocrine markers: a large cell and a small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the rectum. The two patients were different in age (35 years vs 77 years) and disease duration (11 years vs 27 years), and both had never received immuno-suppressant drugs. Although the patients underwent regular endoscopic and histological follow-up, the two neoplasms were locally advanced at diagnosis. One of the two patients developed multiple liver metastases and died 15 mo after diagnosis. These findings confirm the aggressiveness and the poor prognosis of NENs compared to colorectal adenocarcinoma. While carcinoids seem to be coincidentally associated with IBD, NENs may also arise in this setting. In fact, long-stand-ing in· ammation could be directly responsible for thedevelopment of pancellular dysplasia involving epithelial, goblet, Paneth and neuroendocrine cells. It has yet to be established which IBD patients have a higher risk of developing NENs. | Roberto Grassia Paolo Bodini Paolo Dizioli Teresa Staiano Elena Iiritano Guglielmo Bianchi Federico Buffoli | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，33： | 4 |
| 14 | Near-fatal infection following an elective ankle-fracture fixation: less risk should not mean less vigilance显示文摘关上的脚关节骨折的外科的固定传统地被看作为手术后的感染有低风险。仅仅外科地点的限制感染的一些案例被报导了。因为低感染风险,为 perioperative 预防的必要性被询问了。我们报导与长期的风湿性关节炎立即在一个选任的脚关节固定手术以后发生在一个老女人的暴发性的 methicillin 抵抗的葡萄球菌 aureus 心内膜炎的一个案例。因为全身的感染是意外的,她为手术后的发烧被给了 antipyretics 直到就以前快速的临床的恶化。将近致命的造血的感染发生在如此的一个过程以后,显示为在高警戒上并且考虑血液感染的可能性的必要性。 | Giada Bianchi Dingxin Qin Joseph A. Dearani Qi Qian | 2011 | Chinese Medical Journal2011，，12： | 4 |
| 15 | 纤维素-丙烯腈共聚物:4 .均相条件下的接枝反应(英文)显示文摘在 N,N二甲基乙酰胺氯化锂的均相溶液中研究了纤维素 -丙烯腈共聚物的合成 .先将纤维素的部分羟基同甲基丙烯酰氯反应 ,然后将丙烯腈同上述改性纤维素进行接枝反应 . | 李世荣 Marsano Enrico Bianchi Estella | 2000 | 武汉化工学院学报2000，22，1： | 4 |
| 16 | Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis显示文摘 | Kamal Ishak Amelia Baptista Leonardo Bianchi Francesco Callea Jan De Groote Fred Gudat Helmut Denk Valeer Desmet Gerhard Korb Roderick N.M. MacSween M.James Phillips Bernard G. Portmann Hemming Poulsen Peter J. Scheuer Martin Schmid Heribert Thaler | 1995 | Journal of Hepatology1995，，6： | 4 |
| 17 | Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis显示文摘 | Kamal Ishak Amelia Baptista Leonardo Bianchi Francesco Callea Jan De Groote Fred Gudat Helmut Denk Valeer Desmet Gerhard Korb Roderick N.M. MacSween M.James Phillips Bernard G. Portmann Hemming Poulsen Peter J. Scheuer Martin Schmid Heribert Thaler | 1995 | Journal of Hepatology1995，，6： | 4 |
| 18 | International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis显示文摘 | F. Alvarez P.A. Berg F.B. Bianchi L. Bianchi A.K. Burroughs E.L. Cancado R.W. Chapman W.G.E. Cooksley A.J. Czaja V.J. Desmet P.T. Donaldson A.L.W.F. Eddleston L. Fainboim J. Heathcote J.-C. Homberg J.H. Hoofnagle S. Kakumu E.L. Krawitt I.R. Mackay R.N.M. | 1999 | Journal of Hepatology1999，，5： | 4 |
| 19 | Inflammation, lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: A qualitative relationship?显示文摘Life expectancy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is reduced compared to the general population owing to an increase in cardiovascular diseases(CVD)not fully explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors.In recent years,interest has been focused on the alterations in lipid metabolism in relation to chronic inflammation as one of the possible mechanisms involvedin the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis of RA patients.Research regarding this issue has revealed quantitative alterations in lipoproteins during the acute-phase reaction,and has also demonstrated structural alterations in these lipoproteins which affect their functional abilities.Although many alterations in lipid metabolism have been described in this regard,these structural changes associated with inflammation are particularly important in high-density lipoproteins as they affect their cardioprotective functions.In this respect,excessive oxidation in low-density lipoprotein(LDL)and increased lipoprotein(a)with a predominance of smaller apolipoprotein(a)isoforms has also been reported.This article will discuss proinflammatory high-density lipoproteins(pi HDL),oxidized LDL and lipoprotein(a).Elevated concentrations of these lipoproteins with marked pro-atherogenic properties have been observed in RA patients,which could help to explain the increased cardiovascular risk of these patients. | Carmen García-Gómez Maria Bianchi Diana de la Fuente Lina Badimon Teresa Padró Emili Corbella Xavier Pintó | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，3： | 4 |
| 20 | Prognostic value of innate and adaptive immunity in colorectal cancer显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) remains one of the major public health problems throughout the world.Originally depicted as a multi-step dynamical disease,CRC develops slowly over several years and progresses through cytologically distinct benign and malignant states,from single crypt lesions through adenoma,to malignant carcinoma with the potential for invasion and metastasis.Moving from histological observations since a long time,it has been recognized that inflammation and immunity actively participate in the pathogenesis,surveillance and progression of CRC.The advent of immunohistochemical techniques and of animal models has improved our understanding of the immune dynamical system in CRC.It is well known that immune cells have variable behavior controlled by complex interactions in the tumor microenvironment.Advances in immunology and molecular biology have shown that CRC is immunogenic and that host immune responses influence survival.Several lines of evidence support the concept that tumor stromal cells,are not merely a scaffold,but rather they influence growth,survival,and invasiveness of cancer cells,dynamically contributing to the tumor microenvironment,together with immune cells.Different types of immune cells infiltrate CRC,comprising cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system.A relevant issue is to unravel the discrepancy between the inhibitory effects on cancer growth exerted by the local immune response and the promoting effects on cancer proliferation,invasion,and dissemination induced by some types of inflammatory cells.Here,we sought to discuss the role played by innate and adaptive immune system in the local progression and metastasis of CRC,and the prognostic information that we can currently understand and exploit. | Fabio Grizzi Paolo Bianchi Alberto Malesci Luigi Laghi | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，2： | 4 |
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