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| 1 | Successful treatment of acute relapse of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia with benralizumab and without corticosteroids:A case report显示文摘BACKGROUND Currently,the mainstay of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia(CEP)treatment is corticosteroids,usually with a favorable response and good prognosis.However,relapse is common,requiring long-term use of corticosteroids,with risk of significant treatment-related complications.The dire need to develop new treatments for patients with CEP,who are dependent on,or resistant to corticosteroids has led to exploring novel therapies.We herein describe a patient with acute relapse of CEP,who was successfully treated with benralizumab,an IL-5 Rαantagonist that has demonstrated rapid anti-eosinophil action in patients with asthma.Currently,only three recent patient reports on CEP relapse,also demonstrated successful treatment with benralizumab alone,without corticosteroids.CASE SUMMARY A 31-year-old non-smoking woman presented in our hospital with a 3 wk history of shortness of breath,dry cough and fever up to 38.3℃.Laboratory examination revealed leukocytosis 10240 K/μL,eosinophilia 900 K/μL and normal values of hemoglobin,platelets,creatinine and liver enzymes.Computed tomography of the chest showed a mediastinal lymphadenopathy and consolidations in the right upper and left lower lobes.CEP was diagnosed,and the patient was treated with hydrocortisone intravenously,followed by oral prednisone,with prompt improvement.Three months later,she presented with relapse of CEP:aggravation of dyspnea,rising of eosinophilia and extension of pulmonary infiltrates on chest X-ray.She was treated with benralizumab only,with clinical improvement within 2 wk,and complete resolution of lung infiltrates following 5 wk.CONCLUSION Due to Benralizumab’s dual mechanism of action,it both neutralizes IL-5 Rαpro-eosinophil functions and triggers apoptosis of eosinophils.We therefore maintain benralizumab can serve as a reasonable therapy choice for every patient with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and a good alternative for corticosteroids. | Shimon Izhakian Barak Pertzov Dror Rosengarten Mordechai R Kramer | 2022 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2022，10，18： | 0 |
| 2 | Global-scale analysis reveals distinct patterns of non-ribosomal peptide and polyketide synthase encoding genes in root and soil bacterial communities显示文摘Secondary metabolites(SMs)produced by soil bacteria,for instance antimicrobials and siderophores,play a vital role in bacterial adaptation to soil and root ecosystems and can contribute to plant health.Many SMs are non-ribosomal peptides and polyketides,assembled by non-ribosomal peptides synthetase(NRPS)and polyketide synthase(PKS)and encoded by biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs).Despite their ecological importance,little is known about the occurrence and diversity of NRPs and PKs in soil.We extracted NRPS-and PKS-encodiing BGCs from 20 publicly available soil and root-associated metagenomes and annotated them using antiSMASH-DB.We found that the overall abundance of NRPSs and PKSs is similar in both environments,however NRPSs and PKSs were significantly clustered between soil and root samples.Moreover,the majority of identified sequences were unique to either soil-or root-associated datasets and had low identity to known BGCs,suggesting their novelty.Overall,this study illuminates the huge untapped diversity of predicted SMs in soil and root microbiomes,and indicates presence of specific SMs,which may play a role in inter-and intra-bacteriial interactions in root ecosystems. | Barak Dror Edouard Jurkevitch Eddie Cytryn | 2023 | Soil Ecology Letters2023，5，1： | 0 |
| 3 | Phenology and polyploidy in annual Brachypodium species (Poaceae) along the aridity gradient in Israel显示文摘Local adaptation of plants along environmental gradients provides strong evidence for clinal evolution mediated by natural selection. Plants have developed diverse strategies to mitigate stress, for example, drought escape is a phenological strategy to avoid drought stress, while polyploidy was proposed as a genomic adaptation to stress. Polyploidy as an adaptation to aridity (an environmental parameter integrating temperature and precipitation) was previously documented in annual Brachypodium spp. (Poaceae) in the Western Mediterranean. Here, we examined whether polyploidy or phenology are associated with aridity in annual Brachypodium spp. along the aridity gradient in the Eastern Mediterranean. Using flow cytometry, we determined ploidy levels of plants from natural populations along the Israeli gradient, spanning ~424 km from mesic Mediterranean to extreme desert climates. In a common garden we recorded time of seedling emergence, flowering and senescence. We tested whether the proportion of allotetraploids in the populations and phenological traits were associated with aridity. Contrary to a previous study in the Western Mediterranean, we found no effect of aridity on the proportion of allotetraploids and diploids within populations. Interestingly, phenology was associated with aridity: time of emergence was later, while flowering and senescence were earlier in desert plants. Our results indicate that in the Eastern Mediterranean, adaptation of Brachypodium to aridity is mediated mainly by phenology, rather than ploidy level. Therefore, we suggest that genome duplication is not the main driver of adaptation to environmental stress;rather, phenological change as a drought escape mechanism may be the major adaptation. | Shira Penner Barak Dror Iris Aviezer Yamit Bar-Lev Ayelet Salman-Minkov Terezie Mandakova Petr Smarda Itay Mayrose Yuval Sapir | 2020 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2020，58，2： | 0 |
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