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| 1 | Modern management of rectal cancer: A 2006 update显示文摘The goal of this review is to outline some of the important surgical issues surrounding the management of patients with early (T1/T2 and NO), as well as locally advanced (T3/T4 and/or N1) rectal cancer. Surgery for rectal cancer continues to develop towards the ultimate goals of improved local control and overall survival, maintaining quality of life, and preserving sphincter, genitourinary, and sexual function. Information concerning the depth of tumor penetration through the rectal wall, lymph node involvement, and presence of distant metastatic disease is of crucial importance when planning a curative rectal cancer resection. Preoperative staging is used to determine the indication for neoadjuvant therapy as well as the indication for local excision versus radical cancer resection. Local excision is likely to be curative in most patients with a primary tumor which is limited to the submucosa (T1N0M0), without high-risk features and in the absence of metastatic disease. In appropriate patients, minimally invasive procedures, such as local excision, TEM, and laparoscopic resection allow for improved patient comfort, shorter hospital stays, and earlier return to preoperative activity level. Once the tumor invades the muscularis propria (T2), radical rectal resection in acceptable operative candidates is recommended. In patients with transmural and/or node positive disease (T3/T4 and/or N1) with no distant metastases, preoperative chemoradiation followed by radical resection according to the principles of TME has become widely accepted. During the planning and conduct of a radical operation for a locally advanced rectal cancer, a number of surgical management issues are considered, including: (1) total mesorectal excision (TME); (2) autonomic nerve preservation (ANP); (3) circumferential resection margin (CRM); (4) distal resection margin; (5) sphincter preservation and options for restoration of bowel continuity; (6) laparoscopic approaches; and (7) postoperative quality of life. | Glen C Balch Alex De Meo Jose G Guillem | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，20： | 26 |
| 2 | Methanogens: reevaluation of a unique biological group显示文摘 | BALCH W E FOX G E MAGRUM L J | 1979 | Microbiological Reviews1979，43，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Methanogens:reevaluation of a unique biological group显示文摘 | Balch W E Fox G E Magrum L J | 1979 | Microbiol Rev1979，43，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Reconstitution of the transport of protein between successive compartments of the Golgi measured by the coupled incorporation of N-acetylgluco- samine 显示文摘 | BALCH W E DUNPHY W G BRAELL W A | 1984 | Cell1984，39，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Multiple Indicators in Survey Research : The Concept'Sense of Political Efficacy'显示文摘 | Balch G I | 1974 | Political Methodology1974，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Plasticity and damage in aluminum syntactic foams deformed under dynamic and quasi-static conditions 显示文摘 | BALCH D K O'DWYER J G DAVIS G R CADY C M GRAY G T DUNAND D C | 2005 | Materials Science and Engineering A2005，391，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Alterations to gonadal development and reproductive success in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to a 17alpha- ethinylestradiol 显示文摘 | Balch G C Mackenzie C A Metcalfe C D | 2004 | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry2004，23，： | 1 |
| 8 | Characterization of autologous tumor-specific T-helper 2 cells in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from a patient with metastatic melanoma显示文摘 | Kharkevitch D D Seito D Balch G C | 1994 | Int J cancer1994，58，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Alterations to gonadal development and reproductive success in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol显示文摘 | BALCH G C MACKENZIE C A METCALFE C D | 2009 | Environ Toxicol Chem2009，23，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Methanogens: Reevaluation of a unique biological group显示文摘 | BALCH W E FOX G F MAGRUM L J | 1979 | Microbiol Rev1979，43，： | 1 |
| 11 | Characterization of autologous tumor-specific T-helper 2 cells in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes from a patient with metastatic melanoma显示文摘 | KHARKEVITCH D D SEITO D BALCH G C | 1994 | Int J cancer1994，58，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Developmental effects in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to nonylphenol ethoxylates and their degradation products显示文摘 | BALCH G METCALFE C | 2006 | Chemosphere2006，62，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Bias and variance evaluation of QT interval correction methods 显示文摘 | WANG Y PAN G BALCH A | 2008 | J Biopharm Stat2008，18，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Methanogens : reevaluation of aunique biological group显示文摘 | BALCH W E FOX G E MAGRUM I | 1979 | Microbiolog and Molecular Biology Reviews1979，43，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Developmental effects in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) exposed to nonylphenol ethoxylates and their degradation products显示文摘 | Balch G Metcalfe C | 2006 | Chemosphere2006，62，8： | 1 |
| 16 | Effects of the antiandrogens, vinclozolin and cyproterone acetate on gonadal development of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) 显示文摘 | Kiparissis Y Metcalfe T L Balch G C | 2003 | Aquatic Toxicology2003，63，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Plasticity and damage in aluminum syntactic foams deformed under dynamic and quasi-static conditions 显示文摘 | Balch D K O'Dwyerb J G Davisc G R | 2005 | Mater Sci Eng A2005，391，： | 1 |
| 18 | Effects of the isoflavones genistein and equol on the gonadal development of Japanese madaka (Oryzias latipes ) 显示文摘 | KIPARISSIS Y BALCH G C METCALFE T L | 2003 | Environmental Health Perspectives2003，111，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Growth increments in statoliths from paralarvae of the ommastrephid squid Illex ( Cephalopoda: Teuthoidea ) 显示文摘 | BALCH N SIROIS A HURLEY G V | 1988 | Malacologia1988，29，： | 1 |
| 20 | Methanogens:reevaluation of annique biological group显示文摘 | BALCH W E FOX G E MAGRUM I | 1979 | Mierobiology and Molecular Biology Reviews1979，43，2： | 1 |
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