| 3 | Neural grafting for Parkinson's disease:challenges and prospects显示文摘Parkinson's disease(PD) is a neurodegenerative condition which causes a characteristic movement disorder secondary to loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substanitia nigra.The motor disorder responds well to dopamine-replacement therapies,though these result in significant adverse effects due to non-physiological release of dopamine in the striatum,and off-target effects.Cell-based regenerative treatments offer a potential means for targeted replacement of dopamine,in a physiological manner.Dopaminergic neurons for cell-based therapies can be obtained from several sources.Fetal ventral mesencephalon tissue contains dopaminergic neuron progenitors,and has been transplanted into the striatum of PD patients with good results in a number of cases.However,the ethical implications and logistical challenges of using fetal tissue mean that fetal ventral mesencephalon is unlikely to be used in a widespread clinical setting.Induced pluripotent stem cells can be used to generate dopaminergic neurons for transplantation,providing a source of autologous tissue for grafting.This approach means that challenges associated with allografts,such as the potential for immune rejection,can be circumvented.However,the associated cost and difficulty in producing a standardized product from different cell lines means that,at present,this approach is not commercially viable as a cell-based therapy.Dopaminergic neurons derived from embryonic stem cells offer the most promising basis for a cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease,with trials due to commence in the next few years.Though there are ethical considerations to take into account when using embryonic tissue,the possibility of producing a standardized,optimized cell product means that this approach can be both effective,and commercially viable. | Thomas B.Stoker Nicholas F.Blair Roger A.Barker | 2017 | Neural Regeneration Research2017，12，3： | 0 |
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