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| 1 | Research on the dynamics of the South China Sea opening:Evidence from analogue modeling显示文摘Independent of Indochina extrusion, the South China Sea experienced a process from passive continental rifting to marginal sea drifting. According to the fault patterns in the Beibu Gulf basin and the Pearl River Mouth basin, the continental rifting and early spreading stage from 32 to 26 Ma were controlled by extensional stress field, which shifted clockwise from southeastward to south southeastward. From 24 Ma on, the sea spread in NW-SE direction and ceased spreading at around 15.5 Ma. Integrated geological information with the assumption that the South China Sea developed along a pre-Cenozoic weakness zone, we did analogue experiments on the South China Sea evolu- tion. Experiments revealed that the pre-existing weakness zone goes roughly along the uplift zone between the present Zhu-1 and Zhu-2 depression. The pre-existing weakness zone is composed of three segments trending NNE, roughly EW and NEE, respectively. The early opening of the South China Sea is accompanied with roughly 15° clockwise rotation, while the SE sub-sea basin opened with SE extension. Tinjar fault was the western boundary of the Nansha block (Dangerous Ground), while Lupar fault was the eastern boundary of the Indochina, NW-trending rift belt known as Zengmu basin developed between above two faults due to block divergent of Indochina from Nansha. In the experiment, transtensional flower structures along NW-trending faults are seen, and slight inversion occurs along some NE-dipping faults. The existence of rigid massifs changed the orientations of some faults and rift belt, and also led to deformation concentrate around the massifs. The rifting and drifting of the South China Sea might be caused by slab pull from the proto South China Sea subducting toward Borneo and/or mantle flow caused by India-Asia collision. | SUN Zhen1,2, ZHOU Di1, ZHONG Zhihong3, XIA Bin2, QIU Xuelin1, ZENG Zuoxun4 & JIANG Jianqun5 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China 2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China 3. Department of Technology, Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC, Guangzhou 510240, China 4. Faculty of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 5. Hainan Oil & Gas Exploration Company, Liaohe Oilfield PetroChina, Panjin 124010, China | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，10： | 45 |
| 2 | The crustal structure under Sanjiang and its dynamic implications:Revealed by seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan,Yunnan显示文摘The fault belts in Sanjiang mainly include Jinshajiang-Honghe fault, Lancangjiang fault and Nujiang fault (called Sanjiang faults) in western Yunnan Province, China. By interpreting the wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profile between Zhefang and Binchuan, which crosses Tengchong and Baoshan blocks in Dianxi (western Yunnan) tectonic zone, we recon- struct the crustal structure with seismic traveltime tomography for crustal P-wave velocity and the seismic scattering image for crustal seismic reflection structure. In this paper, we firstly present the crustal structure images of P-wave velocity and seismic reflection under the wide-angle seismic profile. These results demonstrate that, the crustal velocity structure and seismic reflec- tion structure along the profile can be divided into 3 segments, and there is an obvious difference of crustal structure among the eastern, the western and the middle segment. Generally, crustal P-wave velocities in the Baoshan segment are 0.1―0.2 km/s slower and seismic reflection am- plitudes from Moho discontinuity are stronger than the other 2 segments. In the studied area, crustal thickness is about 40 km, and shows the thickening tendency from west to east along the profile. Additionally, it can be seen that there is one strong-amplitude seismic reflection event as bright points at the depths of 8―10 km, along the segment of 80―115 km of the profile (south- ward of Tengchong); and seismic reflection wave-field from Moho discontinuity varies obviously along the lateral direction. Finally, we make some discussions on the crustal thickening pattern in the Sanjiang fault belt, structural environment of earthquake development and the contact rela- tionship between the Tengchong block, Banshan block and Luxi trough. | ZHANG Zhongjie1, BAI Zhiming1, WANG Chunyong2, TENG Jiwen1, Lü Qingtian3, LI Jiliang1, LIU Yifeng1 & LIU Zhenkuan4 1. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 2. Institute of Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau, Beijing 100085, China 3. Institute of Deposition Resource, Chinese Academy of Geosciences, Beijing 100037, China 4. School of Exploration and Information, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，9： | 39 |
| 3 | The control of syndepositional faulting on the Eogene sedimentary basin fills of the Dongying and Zhanhua sags, Bohai Bay Basin显示文摘The Dongying and Zhanhua sags are the major hydrocarbon exploration and produc- tion subbasins in the Bohai Bay Basin. Integrated analysis of the sedimentary basin fills has shown that the syndepositional faults and their arrangement styles exerted an important influ- ence on the development and distribution of the Eogene depositional systems. The sedimentary filling evolution of the subbasins reflects the general control of the episodic rifting process. The major long-term active normal faults formed a series of paleogeomorphic accident or slopebreak zones that commonly delineated the subsidiary palaeostructural units and the depositional facies tracts and constrained the general distribution of sedimentary facies zones. The central sag boundary fault slopebreak zones usually determined the distribution of the depocenters of ter- restrial clastic depositional systems, particularly the lowstand fans or deltaic depositional sys- tems, and have proven to be the economically important targets for the exploration of subtle sandstone reservoirs. A variety of syndepositional fault arrangement patterns, including the par- allel, en echelon, combo-like, broom-like fault systems and the fault overlap or transfer zones, have been recognized in the subbasins. They generated distinctive geomorphic features and exerted a direct influence on sediment dispersal and sandbody distribution during the Eogene synrift stage. It is the key for the prediction of depositional systems tracts and reservoir sand- stones to investigate the activity and distribution of the fault slopebreak zones and reconstruct the structural paleogeomorphy in different basin filling stages of the basin evolution. | LIN Changsong1, ZHENG Herong2, REN Jianye1, LIU Jingyan1 & Qiu Yigang1 1. Department of Energy Geology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China 2. Petroleum Exploration and Production Institute, Sino-Petroleum and Chemistry Cooperation, Beijing 100083, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，9： | 33 |
| 4 | Structural characteristics and petroliferous features of Tarim Basin显示文摘Using the modern tectonic geology theories andmethods such as the plate tectonic analysis, the paleo-struc-ture analysis, the structural-Iithofacies analysis, and the faultrelated fold and petroleum system, and combining with theseismic data, well drilling data and the circumferential fieldgeology, study on the structural characteristics and petro-leum prospect in the Tarim Basin has been carried out. Re-sults show that the Tarim Basin is a large superimpositionand combination basin with continental crustal basement,composed of a Paleozoic craton and Meso-Cenozoic forelandbasins. The characteristics of the basin are: the kernel partof the basin is the marine facies Paleozoic craton, superim-posed 4 continental facies foreland basins. Though the scaleof the paleozoic craton of the Tarim Basin is relatively small,the structure is steady. The petroleum prospect of the Paleo-zoic craton is: multiphase pool-generation and accumulationcontrolled by ancient uplift. The Meso-Cenozoic forelandbasins in the Tarim Basin, which are distributed on the era-tonic circumference and are a long-term subsidence, turnedinto rejuvenated foreland basins after the Meso-Cenozoicperiod. The petroleum prospects are: coal-bed generatinghydrocarbon, abundant natural gas, pool-generation in laterand recent periods, the oil and gas distribution controlled bythe foreland thrust belt. The structural characteristics ofTarim provide it with a superimposition and combinationpetroleum system of multiple resources, multiple reservoirsand multiphase pool-generation. The oil and gas explorationprospect covers two large fields: the Paleozoic craton and theMeso-Cenozoic foreland thrust belt. | JIA Chengzao~1 & WEI Guoqi~2 1. PetroChina Company Limited, Beijing 100011, China 2. Langfang Branch of Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Langfang 065007, China | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，S1： | 28 |
| 5 | The Late Mesozoic Orogenic Processes of Mongolia-Okhotsk Orogen: Evidence from Field Investigations into Deformation of the Mohe Area, NE China显示文摘Based on field investigation in 1999, two deformational domains with d ifferent dynamics have been distinguished from the Jurassic geological outcrops in the Mohe area of NE China, i.e. northern ductile and southern plastic-brittl e ones. Their deformational features are stated in this paper. And then, three st ages of structural deformation of the area relative to the late Mesozoic orogeni c processes of Mongolian-Okhotsk orogen are reconstructed as follows, (1) south w ards thrusting in the middle-late Jurassic, (2) eastwards thrusting and strike -s lipping parallel to the orogen in the late Jurassic, and (3) southeastwards thru sting in the early Cretaceous. | Li Jinyi, He Zhengjun, Mo Shenguo and (Institute of Geology, CAGS, Beijing 100037, China) Zheng Qingdao (Heilongjiang Bureau of Exploration and Exploitation of Geology and M ineral Resources, Ha’erbin 150036, China) | 1999 | Global Geology1999，4，2： | 26 |
| 6 | ^(40)Ar-^(39)Ar thermochronology of two ductile shear zones from Yiwulüshan,West Liaoning Region: Age constraints on the Mesozoic tectonic events显示文摘Two ductile shear zones trending EW and NNE respectively not only controlled the tectonic framework of the northern North China, but also constrained the geody-namic background for gold mineralization in this region. Field observations and microstructural analyses reveal that the EW trending ductile shear zones are mainly contributed to dextral compressional deformation resulting from top-to-the-southeast oblique thrust shearing, whereas the NNE trending ones are genetically related to sinistral strike-slip and extensional faulting. One sample from the former yielded an 40Ar-39Ar plateau age of (219±4) Ma (Bi) and two samples from the latter gave 40Ar-39Ar plateau ages of (116± 2) Ma (Bi) and (127±3) Ma (Bi). These ages provide constraints on the top-to-the-southeast oblique thrusting event occurring in Late Triassic and the sinistral extensional and strike-slip faulting event which occurred in Early Cretaceous. | ZHANG Xiaohui, LI Tiesheng & PU ZhipingResearch Center of Mineral Resources Exploration, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 51 | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，13： | 24 |
| 7 | Total alkyl dibenzothiophenes content tracing the filling pathway of condensate reservoir in the Fushan Depression,South China Sea显示文摘The condensates are generally characterized by high maturity,low concentration of steranes and ter-panes biomarkers and low content of non-hydrocarbon fraction. In this case commonly used steranes,terpanes and carbazoles parameters cannot be effectively applied in the reservoir-filling tracing. The hydrogen bond formed by sulfur atom in the dibenzothiophenes (DBTs) results in molecule adsorption and fractionation during oil migration in reservoir. Like carbazoles,total DBTs content decreases with the increasing of oil migration distance. Therefore,a new parameter——total DBTs content is proposed to be used to trace the oil migration orientation and filling pathway. In present study,total DBTs con-tents of condensates and light oils are obtained by adding internal standard——eight deuterium atoms substituted DBT during Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of aromatic fraction. Except for a few samples with much lower content of non-hydrocarbon fraction,the total DBTs content shows a fine positive correlation with that of carbazoles. Large errors can be caused in the process of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds separation. The application of this new parameter in the Fushan Depression of Beibu Gulf Basin,South China Sea indicates that this parameter is a reliable one to trace filling pathway in condensate reservoirs. Combined with other DBTs-related parameters,such as 4-/1-methydibenzo-thiophene and 2,4-/1,4-dimethyldibenzothiophene,oil migration orientation and filling pathway of the Fushan Depression was determined. The accumulations of Huachang oil field in the Fushan Depres-sion are mainly migrated and charged from northeast to southeast along the Huachang uplift. It can be predicated that the light oil and condensates in the Huachang oil field should be sourced from the source kitchen at the Bailian Sag. It shows that total DBTs content is an effective parameter to tracing oil migration orientation and filling pathway. | LI MeiJun1,WANG TieGuan1,LIU Ju2,ZHANG MeiZhu2,LU Hong3,MA QinLin2 & GAO LiHui2 1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,Earth Sciences and Geoinformatics School,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2 Southern Oil Exploration and Development Company,PetroChina,Guangzhou 510640,China 3 Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510240,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S2： | 24 |
| 8 | Discovery of a Late Permian Angara-Cathaysia mixed flora from Acheng of Heilongjiang,China,with discussions on the closure of the Paleoasian Ocean显示文摘This work documents a new flora from the Upper Permian Hongshan Formation of Acheng County, Heilongjiang Province, Northwest China. The flora consists of 20 species: Paracalamites sp., Pecopteris tangwangheensis Huang, Callipteris obese Huang, Callipteris shenshuensis Huang, C. tangwangheensis Huang, C. heilongjiangensis Huang, C. zeilleri Zalessky, C. sp., Comia yichunensis Huang, C. tenueaxis Huang, Iniopteris sibirica Zalessky, Supaia teiliensis Huang, Compsopteris tchirkovae Zalessky, C. cf. adzvensis Zalessky, Nilssonia sp. 1, Nil. sp. 2, Taeniopteris cf. densissima Halle, T. cf. nystraemii Halle, T. sp. and Noeggerathiopsis derzavinii Neub. It is dominated by Angara species but mixed with some typical Cathaysian elements. The age of the flora is assigned to late of the Late Permian according to the stratigraphic ranges of the known species and the comparisons of it with the similar floras. The new discovery indicates that the final collision between the North China Plate and Siberian Plate occurred in Late Permian along the Xar Moron River-Changchun-Yanji sutured zone, and the Paleoasian Ocean was finally closed at the end of the Permian. | DENG ShengHui1,2, WAN ChuanBiao3 & YANG JianGuo3 1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, Beijing 100083 China 3 Daqing Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Daqing 164712, China | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，11： | 22 |
| 9 | Variations of sulfur and carbon isotopes in seawater during the Doushantuo stage in late Neoproterozoic显示文摘Successive analyses of sulfur and carbon isotopic compositions of carbonates strata in the Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze area were accomplished through a method of extracting trace sulfate from carbonates. Sulfur and carbon isotopic compositions of coeval seawater were estimated from the samples that show the least diagenetic alteration. A high-resolution age curve of sulfur isotopes in seawater sulfates was obtained in the Doushantuo stage, which reflects the trend of variation in seawater sulfur isotopes after the Neoproterozoic snowball Earth event. Similar characteristics of variation in carbon isotopes were observed in the coeval carbonates. A large positive d 34S excursion over +20?occurs in ancient seawater sulfates in the early Doushantuo stage. Simultaneously, the d 13C values in ancient seawater carbonates exhibit a positive excursion up to 10. The maximum d 34S and d 13C values are +46.4 and +6.9? respectively. In the middle Doushantuo stage, the range of variation in d 34S values of seawater is relatively narrow, but d 13C values are quite high. Then, d 34S values of seawater become oscillating, and the same occurs in d 13C values. Negative excursions in d 34S and d 13C values occur simultaneously at the end of the Doushantuo stage, and the minimum d 34S and d 13C values dropped down to -10.1 and -5.7? respectively. The characteristics of variations in the sulfur and carbon isotopes of ancient seawater imply strong changes in oceanic environment that became beneficial to inhabitation and propagation of organism. The organic productivity and burial rate of organic carbon once reached a quite high level during the Doushantuo stage. However, the state of environment became unstable after the global glaciation. The global climate and environment possibly were fluctuating and reiterating. The negative excursions in d 34S and d 13C values occurring at the end of the Doushantuo stage may represent a global event, which might be related to oxidation of deep seawater. | ZHANG Tonggang, CHU Xuelei, ZHANG Qirui, FENG Lianjun & HUO Weiguo Key Lab of Mineral Resources Exploration and Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，13： | 21 |
| 10 | ^(40)Ar-^(39)Ar ages of the Louzidian-Dachengzi ductile shear zone near Chifeng,Inner Mongolia and their tectonic significance显示文摘The Louzidian normal fault occurs as the eastern detachment fault of the Kalaqin metamorphic core complex. Field observations and microstructural analyses reveal that the Louzidian-Dachengzi ductile shear zone developed in its lower-plate was genetically related to sinistral strike-slips and extensional faulting. Two samples from this ductile shear zone yield 40Ar-39Ar plateau ages of 133 Ma (Bi) and 126 Ma (Kp), which are concordant with their isochron ages. The plateau age of 133 Ma (Bi) records the formation age of the ductile shear zone. The inconsistent relationship between the earlier strike-slip ductile shear zone and the later normal fault makes the Kalaqin Quasi-metamorphic core complex distinctive from Cordil-leran nietamorphic core complex. These ages provide important geochronological data for putting constraints on the formation age and genesis of such ductile shear zones. | ZHANG Xiaohui, LI Tiesheng, PU Zhiping & WANG HuiResearch Center for Mineral Resources Exploration, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, G | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，15： | 21 |
| 11 | Natural gas origins of large and medium-scale gas fields in China sedimentary basins显示文摘China sedimentary basins present abundant natural gas resource thanks to its unique geological settings.Marine highly-matured hydrocarbon source rocks,widespread coal-measure strata and low temperature Quaternary saline strata,etc.,indicate the wide foreground of China natural gas resources. Up to now,most of the petroliferous basins have been discovered to have wholesale natural gas accumulation from Precambrian,Paleozoic,Mesozoic to Cenozoic in the east,the central,the west and the coast of China.These large and medium-scale gas reservoirs are mainly composed of hydrocarbon gas with big dry coefficient,tiny non-hydrocarbon,wide carbon isotope distribution and varying origin types,the hydrocarbon gas includes coal-formed gas,oil-formed gas,biogenic gas and inorganic gas, etc.Coal-formed gas is the main type of China natural gas resources,in particular several explored large-scale gas fields(>100 billion cubic meter)of Kela 2,Sulige and Daniudi,etc.,they all belong to coal-formed gas fields or the gas fields consisting mostly of coal-formed gas.Oil-formed gas is also abundant in China marine basins,for example marine natural gas of Sichuan Basin generated from crude oil cracking gas.Primary and secondary biogenic gas fields were discovered respectively in the Qaidam Basin and Western Slope of Songliao Basin.In addition,inorganic gases are mainly distributed in the eastern China,in particular the Songliao Basin with abundant carbon dioxide accumulation,indicating that the eastern China present large exploration potential of inorganic gas. | ZHANG ShuiChang &ZHU GuangYou Research Center of Research Institutes of PetroChina Exploration and Development,Beijing 100083,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 21 |
| 12 | The formation mechanism of high-quality dolomite reservoir in the deep of Puguang Gas Field显示文摘The discovery of Puguang Gas Field provides the exploration of China deep marine carbonate rock with important references.In Puguang Gas Field,the dolomite reservoirs discovered in the deep are the best in the present of China,which present big thickness and wide-range distribution,and develop abundant secondary porosity.The researches show that Puguang Gas Field bears the characteristics of early gas-filling time,deep burial,high matured organic matter and long-term interaction of hydrocarbon(oil and gas)-water-rock(carbonate reservoir).The developments of secondary pores in this area are affected by multiple diagenesis and their formation mechanisms are complicated.Through the research on depositional environment,sedimentary facies and reservoir porosity characters of Changxing and Feixianguan Formations,it is thought that high-quality dolomite reservoirs of Puguang Gas Field form on the favorable sedimentary facies belts,which are the integrate result affected by several factors including superficial corrosion,burial corrosion,overpressure and tectonic movement,among which burial corrosion of TSR to reservoir and overpressure formed by thermal evolution of organic matter have great effect on the formation of secondary porosity of Changxing and Feixianguan Formations. | MA YongSheng 1 ,GUO TongLou 1 ,ZHAO XueFeng 2 &CAI XunYu 1 1 Southern Exploration&Production Company,Sinopec,Kunming 650200,China 2 China University of Mining and Technology,Beijing 100083,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 19 |
| 13 | Preliminary study on the origin identification of natural gas by the parameters of light hydrocarbon显示文摘The light hydrocarbon composition of 209 natural gas samples and individual light hydrocarbon carbon isotopes of 53 natural gas samples from typical humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas in the four basins of China have been determined and analyzed.Some identification parameters for humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas are proposed or corrected.The differences of compound-specificδ13C value of individual light hydrocarbon between humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas have been founded.The humic-sourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene > -24‰,δ13C toluene >-23‰,δ13C cyclohexane >-24‰andδ13C methyl cyclohexane >-24‰,while the sapropelicsourced gas has the distribution ofδ13C benzene <-24‰,δ13C toluene <-24‰,δ13C cyclohexane <-24‰and δ13C methyl cyclohexane <-24‰.Among the components of C7 light hydrocarbon compound,such as normal heptane(nC7),methyl cyclohexane(MCH)and dimethyl cyclopentane(ΣDMCP),etc,relative contents of nC7 and MCH are influenced mainly by the source organic matter type of natural gas.Therefore,it is suggested that the gas with relative content of nC7 of more than 30%and relative content of MCH of less than 70%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while gas with relative content of nC7 of less than 35%and relative content of MCH of more than 50%is humic-sourced gas.Among components of C5-7 aliphatics, the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of more than 30%is sapropelic-sourced gas,while the gas with relative content of C5-7 normal alkane of less than 30%is humic-sourced gas.These paremeters have been suggested to identify humic-sourced gas and sapropelic-sourced gas. | HU GuoYi 1,2,3 ,LI Jian 1,2 ,LI Jin 1,2 ,LI ZhiSheng 1,2 ,LUO Xia 1,2 ,SUN QingWu 1,2 &MA ChengHua 1,2 1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development(Langfang Branch),Petrochina,Langfang 065007,China 2 The Key Laboratory of Gas Formation and Development,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,China 3 College of Geo-Resources and Information,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102200,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S1： | 19 |
| 14 | Deep seismic reflection profiling revealing the complex crustal structure of the Tongling ore district显示文摘The deep seismic profiling across the Tongling ore district reveals a complex crustal structure. Strong contrasting dipping layered reflections (4—11 s, TWT),which dominate the lower crust of the northern part of the profile, are interpreted as the underplating of the basalt related to extensional tectonism. In the south of the profile, the Yangtze craton is characterized by strong reflections in the middle crust, showing a distinct two-layer crustal structure. Over the region of the Tongling uplift, there appear the complex arc shape reflections, suggesting folded, faulted and intruded structures, and the transparent zone below them reveals the existence of batholith. The south dipping strong reflections between the upper crust and lower crust (4—7 s, TWT) suggest a detachment between them. The detachment provided space for the magma intrusion, and caused the formation of the batholith. The Yangtze craton has a clear Moho re-flection, while the Tongling uplift has a weak Moho, whereas below the reflective lower crust in the northern part of the profile, there are sub-Moho reflections. The abrupt variation of the Moho characteristics within a short distance indicates the complexity of magmatic activity. | L5 Qingtian1, HOU Zengqian1, ZHAO Jinhua1, SHI Danian1, WU Xuanzhi1, CHANG Yinfo1, PEI Rongfu1,HUANG Dongding2 & KUANG Chaoyang2 1. Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China 2. The Sixth Geophysical Exploration Brigade, Petroleum Bureau of East China, Nanjing 210009, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，3： | 18 |
| 15 | Ancient Changjiang channel system in the East China Sea continental shelf during the last glaciation显示文摘Based on the data of high-resolution seismic profiles, an ancient river channel sys-tem of the last glaciation occurred along the Zhedong and Xihu depression in the southeast of Hupijiao rise. The distribution of the channel fill system shows that the ancient Changjiang River went through the Changjiang depression into the low land plain of the outside continental shelf during the low sea level cycle of the last glaciation. The big channel fill into Okinawa Trough is not found due to the depletion of the river kinetic energy in the low land plain. The river discharge dispersal was of an important role to the dilution of the northern Okinawa Trough sea at that time. Six ancient river channel systems (A―F), which are main distributaries of ancient Changjiang in the East China Sea continental shelf during the last glaciation, may be buried off the modern Changjiang estuary. The distribution of these channels coincides with the zonal elevations in the sea floor. | LI Guangxue1,2, LIU Yong1, YANG Zigeng3, YUE Shuhong4, YANG Wenda5 & HAN Xibin1 1. College of Marine Geo-science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China 2. Shandong Key Laboratory of Sea Floor Resource and Exploration Technique, Qingdao 266003, China 3. Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Qingdao 266071, China 4. College of Marine Environment, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China 5. First Survey Team of Marine Geology, Shanghai Bureau of Petroleum, Shanghai 201208, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，11： | 17 |
| 16 | Biostratigraphy of Triassic Marine Reptiles in Southwest Guizhou and Its Adjacent Area显示文摘This paper briefly reviews the Triassic marine reptile fossils inGuizhou Province, especially the fossils that have been recently found in the Guanling area. Based on three sections at Guanling and Xingyi, Guizhou Province and Luoping, Yunnan Province, four horizons with vertebrate fossils are recognized in the Middle and Upper Triassic of this area; They are from bottom to top: Member I and Member Ⅱ of the Guanling Formation, and the Zhuganpo Member and the Wayao Member of the Falang Formation. | WANG Liting, LI Jinling, WANG Xinjin, LI Chun,WU Tianzhuang and LIU Jun Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development of Guizhou ProvinceGuiyang 550004 Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044 Guizhou Museum, Guiyang 550004 | 2001 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2001，75，4： | 17 |
| 17 | Relative position determination of a lunar rover using high-accuracy multi-frequency same-beam VLBI显示文摘Multi-frequency same-beam VLBI means that two explorers with a small separation angle are simultaneously observed with the main beam of receiving antennas. In the same-beam VLBI, the differential phase delay between two explorers and two receiving telescopes can be obtained with a small error of several picoseconds. The differential phase delay, as the observable of the same-beam VLBI, gives the separation angular information of the two explorers in the celestial sphere. The two-dimensional relative position on the plane-of-sky can thus be precisely determined with an error of less than 1 m for a distance of 3.8×105 km far away from the earth, by using the differential phase delay obtained with the four Chinese VLBI stations. The relative position of a lunar rover on the lunar surface can be determined with an error of 10 m by using the differential phase delay data and the range data for the lander when the lunar topography near the rover and the lander can be determined with an error of 10 m. | LIU QingHui1, CHEN Ming1, XIONG WeiMing2, QIAN ZhiHan1, LI JinLing1, HAO WangHong1,4, WANG GuangLi1, ZHENG WeiMin1, GUAN Di3, ZHU RenJie1, WANG WeiHua1, ZHANG XiuZhong1, JIANG DongRong1, SHU FengChun1, PING JinSong1 & HONG XiaoYu11 Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China 2 Center for Space Science and Applied Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China 3 Lunar Explorer Engineering General Department, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China 4 Beijing Institute of Tracking and Telecommunications Technology, Beijing 100094, China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，3： | 17 |
| 18 | Recent developments in study of the typical superimposed basins and petroleum accumulation in China: Exemplified by the Tarim Basin显示文摘Most of petroliferous sedimentary basins in China have experienced multiple phases of tectonic evolution and deposition, and are characterized by tectonic and depositional superimposition. The term 'superimposed basin' is suggested to describe those basins which consist of two or more simple prototype basins superimposing vertically and/or coalescing later-ally. The characteristics of petroliferous superimposed basins are 'multiple stages of basin forming and reworking, multiple layers of source rocks, multiple periods of hydrocarbon genera-tion and expulsion, multiple periods of petroleum migration-accumulation-escape'. Therefore, applying the wave process analysis method to studying the process of basin formation, hydro-carbon generation, and reservoir formation, and then establishing theory of 'petroleum accumu-lation system' is helpful to enhancing petroleum exploration efficiency in superimposed basins. This paper will, based on case study in the Tarim basin, report the major developments in studying basin formation, hydrocarbon generation and petroleum accumulation. In study of basin formation, (1) geophysical comprehensive profiles reveal that the Tarim plate has been sub-ducted beneath the Tianshan orogenic belt with an interfinger structure and that the deep struc-ture in the eastern section of the Tianshan orogenic belt is different from that in the western sec-tion. (2) The vertical variation in debris and geochemical composition reveals the nature and Mesozoic-Cenozoic evolution history of the Kuqa Depression. (3) Field investigation and paleo-stress reconstruction show that the Kuqa Depression has undergone gravity-driven extension in sedimentary cover when the Tianshan uplifted vertically. In hydrocarbon generation study, new developments include (1) setting environmental index to judge high grade source rocks in marine carbonates, and (2) establishing the lower limit of the organic carbon content for effective car-bonate source rocks. In petroleum accumulation study, (1) methods of determining paleopres-sure and paleotemperature of forming fluid inclusions have been established. (2) The petroleum source analysis has indicated that the erude oil in the Lunnan and Tahe oilfields are derived from the source rocks of the Middle and Upper Ordovician. (3) Three generations of oil inclusions from the Lunnan oilfield have been recognized and dated. | JIN Zhijun1 & WANG Qingchen2 1. Academy of Petroleum Exploration and Exploitation, SinoPec Corp., Beijing 100083, China 2. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1000029, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，z2： | 16 |
| 19 | Velocity structure and active fault of Yanyuan-Mabian seismic zone―The result of high-resolution seismic refraction experiment显示文摘The authors processed the seismic refraction Pg-wave travel time data with finite difference tomography method and revealed velocity structure of the upper crust on active block boundaries and deep features of the active faults in western Sichuan Province. The following are the results of our investigation. The upper crust of Yanyuan basin and the Houlong Mountains consists of the superficial low-velocity layer and the deep uniform high-velocity layer, and between the two layers, there is a distinct, and gently west-dipping structural plane. Between model coordinates 180-240 km, P-wave velocity distribution features steeply inclined strip-like structure with strongly non-uniform high and low velocities alternately. Xichang Mesozoic basin between 240 and 300 km consists of a thick low-velocity upper layer and a high-velocity lower layer, where lateral and vertical velocity variations are very strong and the interface between the two layers fluctuates a lot. The Daliang Mountains to the east of the 300 km coordinate is a non-uniform high-velocity zone, with a superficial velocity of approximately 5 km/s. From 130 to 150 km and from 280 to 310 km, there are extremely distinct deep anomalous high-velocity bodies, which are supposed to be related with Permian magmatic activity. The Yanyuan nappe structure is composed of the superficial low-velocity nappe, the gently west-dipping detachment surface and the deep high-velocity basement, with Jinhe-Qinghe fault zone as the nappe front. Mopanshan fault is a west-dipping low-velocity zone, which extends to the top surface of the basement. Anninghe fault and Zemuhe fault are east-dipping, tabular-like, and low-velocity zones, which extend deep into the base-ment. At a great depth, Daliangshan fault separates into two segments, which are represented by drastic variation of velocity structures in a narrow strip: the west segment dips westward and the east segment dips eastward, both stretching into the basement. The east margin fault of Xichang Mesozoic basin features a strong velocity gradient zone, dipping southwestward and stretching to the top surface of the basement. The west-dipping, tabular-like, and low-velocity zone at the easternmost segment of the profile is a branch of Mabian fault, but the reliability of the supposition still needs to be confirmed by further study. Anninghe, Zemuhe and Daliangshan faults are large active faults stretching deep into the basement, which dominate strong seismic activities of the area. | WANG FuYun1↑, DUAN YongHong1, YANG ZhuoXin1, ZHANG ChengKe1, ZHAO JinRen1, ZHANG JianShi1, ZHANG XianKang1, LIU QiYuan2, ZHU AiLan2, XU XiWei2 & LIU BaoFeng1 1 Geophysical Exploration Center, China Earthquake Administration, Zhengzhou 450002, China 2 Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing 100029, China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，9： | 16 |
| 20 | Mn content of reservoir calcite cement: A novel inorganic geotracer of secondary petroleum migration in the tectonically complex Junggar Basin (NW China)显示文摘Electronic probe microanalysis(EPMA) results of reservoir calcite cement from fourteen core samples in the Junggar Basin show that Mn-content varies largely between different samples from below the detect limitation to 4.14%,while it displays a generally good correlation with oil-gas shows.This,therefore,likely indicates that concentration of the Mn-content of the calcite cement has a close rela-tion to the intensity of petroleum fluid charging during hydrocarbon secondary migration.In order to assess this hypothesis,oxygen and strontium isotopic measurements on sixteen calcite veins host in source sequences were carried out to investigate the feature of the oil-source petroleum fluid.Analytical results imply that during hydrocarbon generation and migration,deep hot fluid has dissolved volcanic minerals interlined between mudstone source rocks.As Mn is a kind of typical trace element enriched in volcanic rocks,it is reasonable to conclude that the petroleum fluid formed in the source sequences would be Mn-rich.Consequently,calcite cements precipitated from such Mn-rich petroleum fluid would be Mn-rich accordingly.Due to the geologic chromatographic effect during migration along reservoir rocks,the decreasing of the Mn-content of the reservoir calcite cements indicates the migration direction.Then,this novel geotracer was further successfully applied in the study of hydrocarbon migration in the Junggar Basin in combination with organic geochemical analyses during the hydrocarbon migration.The Mn content of the reservoir calcite cement appears promising as a novel inorganic geotracer for the petroleum migration.This paper represents a search for novel indicators of secondary petroleum migration in tectonically complex basins based on fundamentals of the reservoir fluid-rock interactions. | CAO Jian1,HU WenXuan1,YAO SuPing1,ZHANG YiJie2,WANG XuLong3,ZHANG YueQian3,TANG Yong3 & SHI XinPu3 1 State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit Research,Department of Earth Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China 2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China 3 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay 834000,China | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，12： | 14 |
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