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| 1 | Strigolactones are a new-defined class of plant hormones which inhibit shoot branching and mediate the interaction of plant-AM fungi and plant-parasitic weeds显示文摘Because plants are sessile organisms,the ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions is critical for their survival.As a consequence,plants use hormones to regulate growth,mitigate biotic and abiotic stresses,and to communicate with other organisms.Many plant hormones function plei-otropically in vivo,and often work in tandem with other hormones that are chemically distinct.A newly-defined class of plant hormones,the strigolactones,cooperate with auxins and cytokinins to control shoot branching and the outgrowth of lateral buds.Strigolactones were originally identified as compounds that stimulated the germination of parasitic plant seeds,and were also demonstrated to induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi.AM fungi form symbioses with higher plant roots and mainly facilitate the absorption of phosphate from the soil.Conforming to the classical definition of a plant hormone,strigolactones are produced in the roots and translocated to the shoots where they inhibit shoot outgrowth and branching.The biosynthesis of this class of compounds is regulated by soil nutrient availability,i.e.the plant will increase its production of strigolactones when the soil phosphate concentration is limited,and decrease production when phosphates are in ample supply.Strigolactones that affect plant shoot branching,AM fungal hyphal branching,and seed germination in parasitic plants facilitate chemical synthesis of similar compounds to control these and other biological processes by exogenous application. | ZAITLIN David | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，8： | 13 |
| 2 | Cancer and age related colonic crypt deficiencies in cytochrome c oxidase Ⅰ显示文摘AIM: To investigate whether defi ciency of expressionof cytochrome c oxidase I (CcOI) in colonic crypts is associated with colon cancer.METHODS: The pattern and level of expression of CcOI in non-neoplastic colonic crypts,and in dysplastic tissues,was assessed using standard immunohis-tochemical methods.Biopsies were obtained from individuals undergoing colonoscopies for screening purposes or for a medically indicated reason.Tissue samples were also obtained from surgical colonic resections.Samples from resections were taken from colonic mucosa 1 and 10 cm from tumors and from the tumors themselves.Samples were evaluated for frequency of crypts with reduced or absent expression of CcOI.In most crypts the loss was apparent throughout the entire crypt,while in a small minority the loss was segmental.The strong immunoreactivity using this monoclonal antibody makes the scoring unambiguous.The percent of crypts with reduced or absent expression of CcOI or (infrequent) segmented loss of expression was then calculated.Data analyses were performed using SPSS statistical package 17.0.RESULTS: The average frequency of CcOI deficient crypts (CcOI-DC) is low in individuals between 20 and 39 years of age,with 0.48% ± 0.40% CcOI-DC for women and 1.80% ± 0.35% for men.CcOI-DC increases after age 40 years,so that between the ages of 40 and 44 years the average frequency of CcOI- DC goes up to 5.89% ± 0.84% in women and 2.15% ± 1.27% in men.By 80-84 years of age,the average frequency of CcOI-DC goes up in women to 15.77% ± 0.97% and in men to 22.6% ± 0.65%.The increases in CcOI-DC from ages 40-44 years compared to 80-84 years in women and men are significantly different with P < 0.01.For women over age 60 years,deficiency of CcOI expression is greater in those women who have had a cancer in their colon.The frequency of CcOI-DC,measured in men,increased in tissues adjacent to colon cancer,being 4.03% ± 0.27% in individuals free of neoplasia in the age range 55-64 yearsand 14.13% ± 0.35% in resected histologically normal tissue of men with cancer in the same age range,P < 0.001.Similar signifi cant differences were noted in older age ranges.The frequency of CcOI-DC crypts in the cecum and sigmoid colon of an individual are signifi cantly correlated,with an R2 = 0.414 for women and R2 = 0.528 for men,P < 0.001.This suggests that the factors determining the level of CcOI deficiency act throughout the colon.Most defective crypts are in clusters of two or more,a likely consequence of crypt fission.In the non-neoplastic margins of cancers,crypts are frequently defi cient for CcOI,and such crypts may appear in large clusters,some containing more than 100 defi cient crypts.CcOI defi ciency is also apparent in colon cancers and sometimes involves a large section of the tumor.Overall,CcOI deficient cells can be visualized in segments of crypts,in whole crypts that increase in frequency with age,in crypts undergoing f ission,in clusters of crypts where the clusters increase in size with age,in increased frequency near tumors,in large clusters in the intimate margins of tumors,and in the tumors themselves.There is no clear dividing line between early stages that can be considered aspects of aging and later stages that can be considered aspects of the progression to cancer.This ambiguity may re ect a rather general situation leading to adult cancer where the early stages of cellular change appear to be relatively innocuous features of the aging process but over decades may evolve into malignancy.CONCLUSION: CcOI defi cient crypts increase in frequency with age,and clusters of defi cient crypts are associated with,and may give rise to,colon cancer. | Carol Bernstein Alexander Facista Huy Nguyen Beryl Zaitlin Nadia Hassounah Cristy Loustaunau Claire Margaret Payne Bhaskar Banerjee Steve Goldschmid V Liana Tsikitis Robert Krouse Harris Bernstein | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2010，2，12： | 5 |
| 3 | Novel diet-related mouse model of colon cancer parallels human colon cancer显示文摘AIM:To investigate the close parallels between our novel diet-related mouse model of colon cancer and human colon cancer.METHODS:Twenty-two wild-type female mice(ages 6-8 wk)were fed the standard control diet(AIN-93G)and an additional 22 female mice(ages 6-8 wk)were fed the control diet supplemented with 0.2%deoxycho-lic acid[diet+deoxycholic acid(DOC)]for 10 mo.Tu-mors occurred in the colons of mice fed diet+DOC and showed progression to colon cancer[adenocarcinoma(AC)].This progression is through the stages of tubular adenoma(TA),TA with high grade dysplasia or ad-enoma with sessile serrated morphology,intramucosal AC,AC stage T1,and AC stage T2.The mouse tumors were compared to human tumors at the same stages by histopathological analysis.Sections of the small and large intestines of mice and humans were evaluated for glandular architecture,cellular and nuclear morphology including cellular orientation,cellular and nuclear atyp-ia,pleomorphism,mitotic activity,frequency of goblet cells,crypt architecture,ulceration,penetration of crypts through the muscularis mucosa and presence of malignant crypts in the muscularis propria.In addition,preserved colonic tissues from genetically similar male mice,obtained from a prior experiment,were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.The male mice had been fed the control diet or diet+DOC.Four molecular markers were evaluated:8-OH-dG,DNA repair protein ERCC1,autophagy protein beclin-1 and the nuclear location of beta-catenin in the stem cell region of crypts.Also,male mice fed diet+DOC plus 0.007%chlorogenic acid(diet+DOC+CGA)were evaluated for ERCC1,beclin-1 and nuclear location of beta-catenin.RESULTS:Humans with high levels of diet-relatedDOC in their colons are at a substantially increased riskof developing colon cancer.The mice fed diet+DOChad levels of DOC in their colons comparable to that ofhumans on a high fat diet.The 22 mice without addedDOC in their diet had no colonic tumors while 20 ofthe 22 mice(91%)fed diet+DOC developed colonictumors.Furthermore,the tumors in 10 of these mice(45%of mice)included an adenocarcinoma.All micewere free of cancers of the small intestine.Histopatho-logically,the colonic tumor types in the mice werevirtually identical to those in humans.In humans,char-acteristic aberrant changes in molecular markers can be detected both in field defects surrounding cancers(from which cancers arise)and within cancers.In thecolonic tissues of mice fed diet+DOC similar changesin biomarkers appeared to occur.Thus,8-OH-dG wasincreased,DNA repair protein ERCC1 was decreased,autophagy protein beclin-1 was increased and,in thestem cell region at the base of crypts there was sub-stantial nuclear localization of beta-catenin as well asincreased cytoplasmic beta-catenin.However,in micefed diet+DOC+CGA(with reduced frequency ofcancer)and evaluated for ERCC1,beclin-1,and beta-catenin in the stem cell region of crypts,mouse tissueshowed amelioration of the aberrancies,suggestingthat chlorogenic acid is protective at the molecular levelagainst colon cancer.This is the first diet-related modelof colon cancer that closely parallels human progressionto colon cancer,both at the histomorphological level aswell as in its molecular profile.CONCLUSION:The diet-related mouse model of coloncancer parallels progression to colon cancer in humans,and should be uniquely useful in model studies of pre-vention and therapeutics. | Anil R Prasad Shilpa Prasad Huy Nguyen Alexaner Facista Cristy Lewis Beryl Zaitlin Harris Bernstein Carol Bernstein | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，7： | 2 |
| 4 | Lingkage of a second gene for NCLB resistance to molecular markers in maize显示文摘 | Zaitlin D | 1992 | Maize Genetic Cooperator Newsletter1992，66，： | 1 |
| 5 | Estuarine facies models: conceptual basis and stratigraphic implications 显示文摘 | Dalrmple R W Zaitlin B A Boyd R | 1992 | Journal of Sedimentary Petrology1992，62，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Plants transformed with tobacco mosaic virus nonstructttral gene sequence are resistant to the vires显示文摘 | GOLEMBOSKI D B LOMONOSSOFF G P ZAITLIN M | 1990 | Agricultural Sciences1990，87，： | 1 |
| 7 | Heterogeneity modeling and geopseudo upscaling applied to waterflood performance prediction of an incised valley reservoir: Countess YY pool, Southern Alberta, C anade 显示文摘 | Hilten M P Good T R Zaitlin B A | 1998 | AAPG Bulleitin1998，82，12： | 1 |
| 8 | A single nucleotide change in the coat protein gene of tobacco mosaic virus is involved in the induction of severe chlorosis显示文摘 | Nanditta B Wang J Y Zaitlin M | 1995 | Virology1995，207，： | 1 |
| 9 | Hetero- geneity modeling and geopseudo upscaling applied to waterflood performance prediction of an incised valley reservoir: countess YY pool, Southern Alberta, Can- ada显示文摘 | HILTEN M P GOOD T R ZAITLIN B A | 1998 | AAPG Bulletin1998，82，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Linkage of a second gene for NCLB resistance to molecular markers in maize显示文摘 | Zaitlin D Demars S J Gupta M | 1992 | Maize Genetics Cooperation News Letter1992，66，： | 1 |
| 11 | Nicotiana benthamiana:its history and future as a model for plant-pathogen interactions显示文摘 | Goodin M M Zaitlin D Naidu R A | 2008 | Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions2008，21，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Plants transformed with a tobacco mosaic virus nonstructural gene sequence are resistant to the virus显示文摘 | Golemboski D B Lomonossoff G P Zaitlin M | 1990 | Pro Natl Acad Sci USA1990，87，： | 1 |
| 13 | Actinomycetes in relation to taste and odour in drinking water: Myths, tenets and truths显示文摘 | ZAITLIN B WATSON S B | 2006 | Water Research2006，40，9： | 1 |
| 14 | Strati-graphic Response to Sedimentation in a Net-Accom-modation-Limited Setting, Lower Cretaceous BasalQuartz, South Central Alberta显示文摘 | Arnott R W C Zaitlin B A Potocki D J | 2002 | Bulletin of Cana-dian Petroleum Geology2002，50，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Plants transformed with tobacco mosaic nonstructural gene sequence are resistant to the virus显示文摘 | Golemboski D B Lomonossoff G P Zaitlin M | 1990 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1990，87，： | 1 |
| 16 | Dynamics and Facies model of a macrotidal sand-bar complex, Cobequid Bay-Salmon River Estuary 显示文摘 | Dalrymple R W Knight R J Zaitlin B A | 1990 | Sedimentology1990，37，： | 1 |
| 17 | Estuarine facies models: Conceptual basis and stratighraphic implications显示文摘 | Dalrymple R W Zaitlin B A Boyd R | 1992 | Sedimentology1992，44，： | 1 |
| 18 | Actinomycetes in relation to taste and odour in drinking water : myths, tenets and truths 显示文摘 | ZAITLIN B WATSON S B | 2006 | Water Res2006，40，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Dynamics and facies model of a macrotidal sand-bar complex, Cobequid Bay Salmon River Estuary(Bay of Fundy)显示文摘 | Dalrymple R W Knigght R J Zaitlin B A | 1990 | Sedimentology1990，37，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Plants transformed with a tobacco mosaic nonstructural gene sequence are resistant to the virus显示文摘 | Golemboski D B Lomonossoff G P Zaitlin M | 1990 | Proc Acad Sci USA1990，87，： | 1 |
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