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| 1 | Estimation on the response of glaciers in China to the global warming in the 21st century显示文摘Glaciers in China can be categorized into 3 types, i.e. the maritime (temperate) type, sub-continental (sub-polar) type and extreme Continental (polar) type, which take 22%, 46% and 32% of the total existing glacier area (59 406 km2) respectively. Researches indicate that glaciers of the three types show different response patterns to the global warming. Since the Maxima of the Little Ice Age (the 17th century), air temperature has risen at a magnitude of 1.3℃on average and the glacier area decreased corresponds to 20% of the present total glacier area in western China. it is estimated that air temperature rise in the 2030s, 2070s and 2100s will be of the order of 0.4-1.2, 1.2-2.7 and 2.1-4.0 K in western China. With these scenarios, glaciers in China will suffer from further shrinkage by 12%, 28% and 45% by the 2030s, 2070s and 2100s. The uncertainties may account for 30%-67% in 2100 in China. | SHI Yafeng & LIU Shiyin Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，7： | 71 |
| 2 | The State of the Art of Data Science and Engineering in Structural Health Monitoring显示文摘Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a multi-discipline field that involves the automatic sensing of structural loads and response by means of a large number of sensors and instruments, followed by a diagnosis of the structural health based on the collected data. Because an SHM system implemented into a structure automatically senses, evaluates, and warns about structural conditions in real time, massive data are a significant feature of SHM. The techniques related to massive data are referred to as data science and engineering, and include acquisition techniques, transition techniques, management techniques, and processing and mining algorithms for massive data. This paper provides a brief review of the state of the art of data science and engineering in SHM as investigated by these authors, and covers the compressive sampling-based data-acquisition algorithm, the anomaly data diagnosis approach using a deep learning algorithm, crack identification approaches using computer vision techniques, and condition assessment approaches for bridges using machine learning algorithms. Future trends are discussed in the conclusion. | Yuequan Bao Zhicheng Chen Shiyin Wei Yang Xu Zhiyi Tang Hui Li | 2019 | Engineering2019，5，2： | 47 |
| 3 | Glacier changes during the last forty years in the Tarim Interior River basin,northwest China显示文摘By comparing digitized glacier outlines from the Chinese Glacier Inventory (CGI) during the 1960s-1970s and Landsat Enhance Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images from 1999 to 2001, we investigated changes for about 7665 alpine glaciers among 11665 glaciers in seven sub-basins of the Tarim Interior River basin (TIRB). The results showed that the total glacier area was reduced by 3.3% from the 1960s/ 1970s to 1999/2001 and area losses for 1-5 km2 glaciers accounted for 48.3% of the total glacier area loss in the TIRB. However, the glacier area reductions varied from 0.7% to 7.9% among the seven sub-basins of the TIRB during the study period. The glacier area changing with altitude showed that the maximum contribution of area shrinkage occurred at 4900-5400 m. Data from 25 meteorological stations in the TIRB showed increases in both the annual mean air temperature and annual precipitation during 1960-2000. This indicates that the glacier shrinkage in the TIRB over the last 40 years was largely due to regional climate warming that enhanced glacier ablation and overcame the effects of increased precipitation on the glacier mass balance. | Donghui Shangguan Shiyin Liu Yongjian Ding Lianfu Ding Junli Xu Li Jing | 2009 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2009，19，6： | 26 |
| 4 | Eco-environment range in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers显示文摘Based on geographical and hydrological extents delimited, four principles are identified, as the bases for delineating the ranges of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in the paper. According to the comprehensive analysis of topographical characteristics, climate conditions, vegetation distribution and hydrological features, the source region ranges for eco-environmental study are defined. The eastern boundary point is Dari hydrological station in the upper reach of the Yellow River. The watershed above Dari hydrological station is the source region of the Yellow River which drains an area of 4.49×10 4 km 2 . Natural environment is characterized by the major topographical types of plateau lakes and marshland, gentle landforms, alpine cold semi-arid climate, and steppe and meadow vegetation in the source region of the Yellow River. The eastern boundary point is the convergent site of the Nieqiaqu and the Tongtian River in the upstream of the Yangtze River. The watershed above the convergent site is the source region of the Yangtze River, with a watershed area of 12.24×10 4 km 2 . Hills and alpine plain topography, gentle terrain, alpine cold arid and semi-arid climate, and alpine cold grassland and meadow are natural conditions in the source region of the Yangtze River. | DING Yongjian,YANG Jianping,LIU Shiyin,CHEN Rensheng,WANG Genxu,SHEN Yongping,WANG Jian,XIE Changwei,ZHANG Shiqing(Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China) | 2003 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2003，13，2： | 18 |
| 5 | Thinning and Shrinkage of Laohugou No. 12 Glacier in the Western Qilian Mountains, China, from 1957 to 2007显示文摘Landsat images, real-time kinematic GPS measurements, and topographic maps were used to determine changes in ice elevation, volume, and areal extent of the Laohugou No. 12 glacier (Qilian Mountains, China) between 1957 and 2007. The glacier experienced significant thinning and areal shrinkage in the ablation zone, but slight thickening in part of the accumulation zone. Elevation decreased by 18.6±5.4 m between 1957 and 2007 in the regions covered by the GPS measurements. The total volume loss for the entire glacier was estimated to be 0.218 km3 using a third-order polynomial fit method. The area diminished by 0.28 km2 between 1957 and 1994, 0.26 km2 between 1994 and 2000, and 0.28 km2 between 2000 and 2007, suggesting that the rate of loss in glacial coverage has increased since the mid-1990s. Significant increases in annual mean air temperature may have contributed to shrinkage and thinning of the glacier. | ZHANG Yingsong LIU Shiyin SHANGGUAN Donghui LI Jing ZHAO Jingdong | 2012 | Journal of Mountain Science2012，9，3： | 16 |
| 6 | Spatial-temporal characteristics of lake area variations in Hoh Xil region from 1970 to 2011显示文摘As one of the areas with numerous lakes on the Tibetan Plateau, the Hoh Xil region plays an extremely important role in the fragile plateau eco-environment. Based on topographic maps in the 1970 s and Landsat TM/ETM+ remote sensing images in the 1990 s and the period from 2000 to 2011, the data of 83 lakes with an area above 10 km2 each were obtained by digitization method and artificial visual interpretation technology, and the causes for lake variations were also analyzed. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows.(1) From the 1970 s to 2011, the lakes in the Hoh Xil region firstly shrank and then expanded. In particular, the area of lakes generally decreased during the 1970s–1990s. Then the lakes expanded from the 1990 s to 2000 and the area was slightly higher than that in the 1970 s. The area of lakes dramatically increased after 2000.(2) From 2000 to 2011, the lakes with different area ranks in the Hoh Xil region showed an overall expansion trend. Meanwhile, some regional differences were also discovered. Most of the lakes expanded and were widely distributed in the northern, central and western parts of the region. Some lakes were merged together or overflowed due to their rapid expansion. A small number of lakes with the trend of area decrease or strong fluctuation were scattered in the central and southern parts of the study area. And their variations were related to their own supply conditions or hydraulic connection with the downstream lakes or rivers.(3) The increase in precipitation was the dominant factor resulting in the expansion of lakes in the Hoh Xil region. The secondary factor was the increase in meltwater from glaciers and frozen soil due to climate warming. | YAO Xiaojun LIU Shiyin LI Long SUN Meiping LUO Jing | 2014 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2014，24，4： | 14 |
| 7 | Identification of Ice Elevation Change of the Shuiguan River No.4 Glacier in the Qilian Mountains,China显示文摘GPS measurement,an effective method for surveying glacier surface topography,has been applied in some glaciers for many years.The Shuiguan River No.4 glacier,a small glacier with its area of 1.84 km2 in 1972,located in the east of the Qilian Mountains,China,was selected to study its ice elevation change using GPS measurement in 2007.This study was conducted on the ablation area with GPS-measured area 0.5 km2.The ice elevation change of the glacier was obtained by comparing the DEM obtained by a 1:50 000 topographic map made in 1972 with the DEM by GPS-measured data acquired in 2007.The differences of the two DEMs showed the thinning condition of the glacier was apparent.The mean thinning was 15±8 m with the mean thinning rate of 0.42±0.22 m a-1 for 1972-2007 in the measurement area,which equaled 0.38±0.20 m yr-1 in water equivalent(w.e.).The prominent thinning occurred on the south part of the glacier,which was the area near the glacier terminus with the maximum thinning of 41±8 m.Assuming the thinning value of 15±8 m for the glacier area below 4640 m a.s.l.,the wasting ice mass was calculated to be 6.4±3.2×10-3 km3 for 1972-2007,corresponding to 5.7±2.8×10-3 km3 w.e.,which meant that the montane runoff released by the glacier was at least 5.7±2.8×106 m3 between 1972-2007. | LI Jing LIU Shiyin SHANGGUAN Donghui ZHANG Yinsong | 2010 | Journal of Mountain Science2010，7，4： | 14 |
| 8 | Glacial advances and ESR chronology of the Pochengzi Glaciation,Tianshan Mountains,China显示文摘The Pochengzi Glaciation is a typical glaciation in Quaternary in the Tianshan Mountains. The glacial landforms comprise several integrated end moraines, like a fan spreading from the north to the south at the mouth of the Muzhaerte River valley and on the piedmont on the southeastern slope of the Tumur Peak, the largest center of modern glaciation in the Tianshan Mountains. The landforms recorded a complex history of the ancient glacier change and contained considerable information of the glacial landscape evolution, and dating these landforms helps us understand the temporal and spatial shifts of the past cryosphere in this valley and reconstruct the paleoenvironment in this region. Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of the glacial tills in the upper stratum from a well-exposed section, end moraines, and associated outwashes was carried out using Ge centers in quartz grains, which are sensitive to the sunlight and grinding. The results could be divided into three clusters, 13.6–25.3, 39.5–40.4 and 64.2–71.7 ka. Based on the principle of geomorphology and stratigraphy and the available paleoen- vironmental data from northwestern China, the end moraines were determined to deposit in the Last Glaciation. The landforms and the three clusters of ages demonstrate that at least three large glacial advances occurred during the Pochengzi Glaciation, which are corresponding to marine oxygen isotope stage 4 (MIS4), MIS3b and MIS2. The landforms also indicate that the gla- ciers were compound valley glacier in MIS2 and MIS3b and piedmont glacier in MIS4, and the ancient Muzhaerte glacier were 94, 95 and 99 km at their maximum extensions in these three glacial advances. | ZHAO JingDong LIU ShiYin WANG Jie SONG YouGui DU JianKuo | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，3： | 9 |
| 9 | Initial estimate of the contribution of cryospheric change in China to sea level rise显示文摘Recent studies have shown that cryospheric melting is becoming the dominant factor responsible for sea level rise,and that the melt-water from mountain glaciers and ice caps has comprised the majority of the cryospheric contribution since 2003.Analysis of the estimations of cryospheric melt-water and precipitation in glacier regions indicated that the potential contribution of the cryosphere in China is 0.14 to 0.16 mm a–1,of which approximately 0.12 mm a–1 is from glaciers.The contribution of glaciers in the outflow river basins is about 0.07 mm a–1,accounting for 6.4%of the total from global glaciers and ice caps. | REN JiaWen YE BaiSheng DING YongJian LIU ShiYin | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，16： | 9 |
| 10 | Impact of climate change on the streamflow in the glacierized Chu River Basin, Central Asia显示文摘Catchments dominated by meltwater runoff are sensitive to climate change as changes in precipitation and temperature inevitably affect the characteristics of glaciermelt/snowmelt, hydrologic circle and water resources. This study simulated the impact of climate change on the runoff generation and streamflow of Chu River Basin(CRB), a glacierized basin in Central Asia using the enhanced Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT). The model was calibrated and validated using the measured monthly streamflow data from three discharge gauge stations in CRB for the period 1961–1985 and was subsequently driven by downscaled future climate projections of five Global Circulation Models(GCMs) in Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5(CMIP5) under three radiative forcing scenarios(RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). In this study, the period 1966–1995 was used as the baseline period, while 2016–2045 and 2066–2095 as the near-future and far-future period, respectively. As projected, the climate would become warmer and drier under all scenarios in the future, and the future climate would be characterized by larger seasonal and annual variations under higher RCP. A general decreasing trend was identified in the average annual runoff in glacier(–26.6% to –1.0%), snow(–21.4% to +1.1%) and streamflow(–27.7% to –6.6%) for most of the future scenario periods. The projected maximum streamflow in each of the two future scenarios occurred one month earlier than that in the baseline period because of the reduced streamflow in summer months. Results of this study are expected to arouse the serious concern about water resource availability in the headwater region of CRB under the continuously warming climate. Changes in simulated hydrologic outputs underscored the significance of lowering the uncertainties in temperature and precipitation projection. | MA Changkun SUN Lin LIU Shiyin SHAO Ming'an LUO Yi | 2015 | Journal of Arid Land2015，7，4： | 8 |
| 11 | Effect of Electrical Current on the Tribological Behavior of the Cu-WS_2-G Composites in Air and Vacuum显示文摘As the traditional graphite-based composites cannot meet the requirement of rapid developing modern industry, novel sliding electrical contact materials with high self-lubricating performance in multiple environments are eagerly required. Herein a copper-based composite with WS2 and graphite as solid lubricant are fabricated by powder metallurgy hot-pressed method. The friction and wear behaviors of the composites with and without current are investigated under the condition with sliding velocity of 10 m/s and normal load of 2.5N/cm 2 in both air and vacuum. Morphologies of the worn surfaces are observed by optical microscope and compositions of the lubricating films are analyzed by XPS. Surface profile curves and roughness of the worn surfaces are obtained by 2205 surface profiler. The results of wear tests show that the friction coefficient and wear volume loss of the composites with current are greater than that without current in both air and vacuum due to the adverse effects of electrical current which damaged the lubricating film partially and roughed the worn surfaces. XPS results demonstrate that the lubricating film formed in air is composed of oxides of Cu, WS2 , elemental S and graphite, while the lubricating film formed in vacuum is composed of Cu, WS2 and graphite. Because of the synergetic lubricating action of oxides of Cu, WS2 and graphite, the composites show low friction coefficient and wear volume loss in air condition. Owing to the fact that graphite loses its lubricity which makes WS2 become the only lubricant, severe adhesive and abrasive wear occur and result in a high value of wear rate in vacuum condition. The formation of the lubricating film on the contact interface between the brush and ring is one of the factors which can greatly affect the wear performance of the brushes. The low contact voltage drop of the composites in vacuum condition is attributed to the high content of Cu in the surface film. This study fabricated a kind of new sliding electrical contact self-lubricating composite with dual-lubricant which can work well in both air and vacuum environments and provides a comprehensive analysis on the lubrication mechanisms of the composite. | QIAN Gang FENG Yi LI Bin HUANG Shiyin LIU Hongjuan DING Kewang | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2013，26，2： | 8 |
| 12 | Inhibitory effects of the extracts with different solvents from three compositae plants on cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosas显示文摘The algicidal activity of the terrestrial plants is a novel and promising means for alga control of eutrophic waters.In this study,three compositae plants - Artemisia annua(A.annua),Conyza canadensis(C.canadensis),and Erigeron annuus(E.annuus) were selected and antialgal activity of petroleum ether(PE),ethyl acetate(EA) and ethanol extracts of these plants on blue algae Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated.The result shows the EA extracts of these plants present the stronger inhibitory effects.The results of the further separation of PE and EA extracts according to water-solubility and acidity or alkalinity show that fatty acids and terpenoids in A.annua,terpenoids and organic acid in C.Canadensis and E.Annuus may be the main antialgal active constituents.This study suggested that the EA extracts of these plants could become the potential algicide to prevent water blooming. | NI LiXiao HAO XiangYang LI ShiYin CHEN ShiJin REN GaoXiang ZHU Liang | 2011 | Science China Chemistry2011，54，7： | 7 |
| 13 | Adaptive Resource Allocation with SVM-based Multi-hop Video Packet Delay Bound Violation Modeling显示文摘 | ZHANG Yunsheng ZHANG Yongfei SUN Shixin QIN Shiyin HE Zhihai | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Electronics2011，20，2： | 7 |
| 14 | Regional difference of annual precipitation and discharge variation over west China during the last 50 years显示文摘Using annual precipitation and discharge data measured in the past five decades,this paper analyzed the regional differences over west China in terms of climate and discharge variations,and investigated the relationship between the regional characteristics and the activities of South and East Asian sum-mer monsoon. Results revealed that the precipitation and discharge in the upper reaches of the Yellow River (Central West China) have a negative correlation with those in Xinjiang (northwest China) and the Yarlung Zangbo River (the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra Rive,southwest China) regions. The geographical patterns of precipitation and discharge variations are different over west China,i.e. the regional climate displays the alteration of dry-wet-dry or wet-dry-wet from north to south in west China. The negative correlation of annual discharges between Xinjiang and the upper reaches of the Yellow River is found statistically significant in the decadal scale,and that between the Yarlung Zangbo River and the upper reaches of the Yellow River is found active in the interannual scale. The regional char-acteristics indicate that the discharge/precipitation variations in the upper reaches of the Yellow River are dominated by the East Asian summer monsoon while their variations in Xinjiang are affected by both the west wind and East Asian summer monsoon. | DING YongJian YE BaiSheng HAN TianDing SHEN YongPing LIU ShiYin | 2007 | Science China Earth Sciences2007，50，6： | 7 |
| 15 | The Glacier Area Changes in the Qangtang Plateau Based on the Multi-temporal Grid Method and its Sensitivity to Climate Change显示文摘Glacier area changes in the Qangtang Plateau are analyzed during 1970-2000 using air photos,relevant photogrammetric maps and satellite images based on the multi-temporal grid method.The results indicate that the melting of glaciers accelerated,only a few of glaciers in an advancing state during 1970-2000 in the whole Qangtang Plateau.However,the glaciers seemed still more stable in the study area than in most areas of western China.We estimate that glacier retreat was likely due to air temperature warming during 1970-2000 in the Qangtang Plateau.Furthermore,the functional model of glacier system is applied to study climate sensitivity of glacier area changes,which indicates that glacier lifespan mainly depends on the heating rate,secondly the precipitation,and precipitation increasing can slow down glacier retreat and make glacier lifespan prolonged. | WANG Liping XIE Zichu WANG Xin LIU Shiyin DING Liangfu SHANGGUAN Donghui | 2011 | Journal of Mountain Science2011，8，6： | 5 |
| 16 | Study on wear resistant cast B-containing 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel显示文摘The developed 1Cr18Ni9Ti austenitic stainless steel containing 1.63 wt.%B have been characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),electron probe microanalyzer(EPMA),optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS)and Vickers microhardness measurement.The microstructural evolution and property of high boron stainless steel after solution treatment at the temperature of 1050℃are also investigated.The results show that the main compositions of borides are Fe,Cr and B,and with small amount of Ni,Mn and C elements.Silicon is insoluble in the borides.The hardness of borides is over 1,500 HV.It has been found that borides do not decompose during solution treatment,but part of borides dissolves into the matrix. The effect of increasing the solubility of boron element in the austenitic matrix favours the hardness enhancement by 8.54%.High boron stainless steel has excellent wear resistance in corrosive environment.Lifetime of transfer pipe made of high boron-containing stainless steel is 1.5-1.8 times longer than that of boron-free 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel. | Kuang Jiacai Jiang Zhiqiang Zhang Shiyin Ye Chang Liu Qicheng | 2009 | China Foundry2009，6，1： | 5 |
| 17 | Influence of liquid water on coalbed methane adsorption:An experimental research on coal reservoirs in the south of Qinshui Basin显示文摘Using Isothermal Adsorption/Desorption System Model IS-100 and Electrohydraulic Servo Rock System Model MTS815 as the main apparatuses and collecting samples from the major coal reservoirs in the south of Qinshui Basin, a hot point region of coalbed methane exploration, the paper carries out systematical comparisons of the isothermal adsorption experimental data for injection water coal samples, equilibrium moisture samples and dry coal samples, probes and establishes an experimental method of injection water coal sample preparation and isothermal experiment to simulate real reservoir conditions, and then summaries the experimental regulations and discusses the mechanism of liquid water influencing coal methane adsorption. Results of the experiment indicate that: The Langmuir volume of injection water coal samples is notably larger than that of equilibrium moisture samples, as well as larger than or equivalent to that of dry coal samples; the Langmuir pressure of injection water coal samples is the highest, the next is equilibrium moisture samples, while the dry samples is the lowest, of which the experimental results of injection water samples to simulate real reservoir conditions are more close to the fact. Under the conditions of in-position reservoirs, liquid water in coals has evident influence on methane adsorption ability of coal matrix, which can increase the adsorbability of coal and make the adsorption regulation fit to Langmuir model better. Its major reason is the increase of wetting coal matrix adsorbability. The above experimental results overthrow the conventional cognition that liquid water has no influence on coalbed methane adsorption, which may lead to an improvement of the coalbed methane isothermal adsorption experimental method and of the reliability of coalbed methane resource evaluation and prediction. | Shuxun Sang Yanming Zhu Jing Zhang Xiaodong Zhang Shiyin Zhang | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，S1： | 4 |
| 18 | UV/H2O2 oxidation of tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate: Intermediate products, degradation pathway and toxicity evaluation显示文摘Tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) with the initial concentration of 5 mg/L was degraded by UV/H2O2 oxidation process. The removal rate of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system was 89.1% with the production of Cl-and PO4^3- of 0.23 and 0.64 mg/L. The removal rate of total organic carbon of the reaction was 48.8% and the pH reached 3.3 after the reaction. The oxidative degradation process of TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system obeyed the first order kinetic reaction with the apparent rate constant of 0.0025 min^-1( R^2 = 0.9788). The intermediate products were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The addition reaction of HO · and H2O and the oxidation reaction with H2O2 were found during the degradation pathway of 5 mg/L TCEP in the UV/H2O2 system. For the first time, environment risk was estimated via the 'ecological structure activity relationships' program and acute and chronic toxicity changes of intermediate products were pointed out. The luminescence inhibition rate of photobacterium was used to evaluate the acute toxicity of intermediate products. The results showed that the toxicity of the intermediate products increased with the increase of reaction time, which may be due to the production of chlorine compounds. Some measures should be introduced to the UV/H2O2 system to remove the highly toxic Cl-containing compounds, such as a nanofiltration or reverse osmosis unit. | Qiuyi Ji Huan He Zhanqi Gao Xiaohan Wang Shaogui Yang Cheng Sun Shiyin Li Yong Wang Limin Zhang | 2020 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2020，32，12： | 4 |
| 19 | Effects of atmospheric circulation on summertime precipitation variability and glacier mass balance over the Tuyuksu Glacier in Tianshan Mountains, Kazakhstan显示文摘The amount and the form of precipitation have significant effects on glacier mass balances in high altitude mountain areas by controlling the accumulation, the ablation and the energy balance of a glacier through impact on the surface albedo. The liquid precipitation has negative effects on glacier accumulation and may increase the ablation of surface ice through the heat input for melting. The timing and the forms of precipitation over glacierized regions depend on the weather processes both locally and regionally. Early studies showed that regional to large-scale atmospheric circulation processes play a key role in affecting the precipitation events over glaciers. This paper analyzed the relationship between the inter-annual variability of the summertime precipitation over the Tuyuksu Glacier and the atmospheric circulation types, which related to various atmospheric circulation types in the Northern Hemisphere. Results indicated that the decrease in the duration of zonal processes and the increase in the meridional northern processes were observed in the last decade. The total summer precipitation associated with these processes also increased along with an increase of summertime solid precipitation. Although the decadal fluctuation of glaciological parameters were found in dependent of the above large-scale atmospheric circulation processes, global warming was a dominant factor leading to the mass loss in the recent decades under the background of the increase in precipitation over the Tuyuksu Glacier. | Nina K KONONOVA Nina V PIMANKINA Lyudmila A YERISKOVSKAYA LI Jing BAO Weijia LIU Shiyin | 2015 | Journal of Arid Land2015，7，5： | 4 |
| 20 | Friction and wear properties of Cu-based self-lubricating composites in air and vacuum conditions显示文摘Cu-based self-lubricating materials containing two different solid lubricants (graphite and MoS 2 ) were fabricated by P/M hot pressing techniques. Physical and mechanical properties of the samples were examined. The effects of graphite and MoS 2 contents on friction coefficient and wear rate were investigated by a ring-on-disc wear machine in air and vacuum conditions, respectively. Tribo-films formed on the worn surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that density, hardness and bending strength all increased with the increasing content of MoS 2 , while the relative density was opposite. Sample B containing 15 vol. pct graphite and 15 vol. pct MoS 2 possessed superior tribological properties both in air and vacuum conditions. However, the tribo-films formed on the worn surfaces of the sample B were greatly discrepant in composition at different testing conditions. In air, the volume ratio of MoS 2 and graphite in the tribo-films is 0.31:1 whereas the ratio in vacuum is 1.07:1. | Shiyin HUANG Yi FENG Kewang DING Gang QIAN Hongjuan LIU Yang WANG | 2012 | Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)2012，25，5： | 3 |
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