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| 1 | DNA barcoding provides distinction between Radix Astragali and its adulterants显示文摘Based on variable nuclear and/or organellar DNA sequences among vastly divergent species as well as morphologically indistinguishable species, DNA barcoding is widely applicable in species identification, biodiversity studies, forensic analyses, and authentication of medicinal plants. The roots of Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholica are commonly used as Radix Astragali in several Asian countries, including China, Japan, and Korea. However, in addition to the two species recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, there are twenty-three species from different genera including Astragalus, Oxytropis, Hedysarum, and Glycyrrhiza, which have been used as adulterants not only in trading markets but also by the herbal medicine industry. Therefore, a simple, reliable, and accurate classification method is important for distinguishing authentic Radix Astragali from its adulterants. In this study, we acquired data for 37 samples from four related genera within the family Fabaceae. Then we compared four candidate DNA barcoding markers using ITS, matK, rbcL, and coxI sequences from nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes, all commonly used for plants to identify genetic variations among genera, intraspecies, and interspecies. We observed higher divergences among genera and interspecies for ITS, which have the average Kimura 2-parameter distances of 4.5% and 14.1%, respectively, whereas matK was found to have sufficient divergence at the intraspecific level. Moreover, two indels detected in the matK sequence are useful for PCR studies in distinguishing Radix Astragali from its adulterants. This study suggests that the combined barcoding regions of ITS and matK are superior barcodes for Radix Astragali and further studies should focus on evaluating the applicability and accuracy of such combined markers for a wide range of traditional Chinese herbs. | GUO HaiYan1,2, WANG WeiWei2, YANG Ning2, GUO BaoLin3, ZHANG Sun2, YANG RuiJing2, YUAN Ye2, YU JunLin4, HU SongNian2, SUN QiShi1 & YU Jun2 1School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China 2Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China 3Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing 100094, China 4Department of Chemistry, Tonghua Normal College, Tonghua 134002, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，8： | 7 |
| 2 | Identification of yak lactate dehydrogenase B gene variants by gene cloning显示文摘Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that two types of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) existed in yaks. Based on the electrophoresis characteristics of LDH isoenzymes, yak LDH variants were speculated to be the gene mutation on H subunit encoded by B gene. According to the mobility in electrophoresis, the fast-band LDH type was named LDH-Hf and the slow-band LDH type LDH-Hs. In order to reveal the gene alteration in yak LDH variants, total RNA was extracted from heart tissues of yaks with different LDH variants, and cDNAs of the two variants were reverse transcripted. Two variants of B genes were cloned by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis revealed that four nucleotides differed between LDH-Bf and LDH-Bs, which resulted in two amino acids alteration. By Deepview software analysis of the conformation of yak LDH1 variants and H subunit, these four nucleotides altered two amino acids that generated new hydrogen bonds to change the hydrogen bonds network, and further caused subtle conformational changes between the two LDH variants. | ZHENG YuCai1, ZHAO XingBo2, ZHOU Jing1, PIAO Ying1, JIN SuYu1, HE QingHua1, HONG Jian1, LI Ning2 & WU ChangXin2 1 College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China 2 State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，5： | 5 |
| 3 | The role of the DLPFC in inductive reasoning of MCI patients and normal agings:An fMRI study显示文摘Previous studies of young people have revealed that the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC) plays an important role in inductive reasoning.An fMRI experiment was performed in this study to examine whether the left DLPFC was involved in inductive reasoning of MCI patients and normal agings,and whether the activation pattern of this region was different between MCI patients and normal agings.The fMRI results indicated that MCI patients had no difference from normal agings in behavior performance(reaction time and accuracy) and the activation pattern of DLPFC.However,the BOLD response of the DLPFC region for MCI patients was weaker than that for normal agings,and the functional connectivity between the bilateral DLPFC regions for MCI patients was significantly higher than for normal agings.Taken together,these results indicated that DLPFC plays an important role in inductive reasoning of agings,and the functional abnormity of DLPFC may be an earlier marker of MCI before structural alterations. | YANG YanHui1,3,LIANG PeiPeng2,3,LU ShengFu2,3,LI KunCheng1,3 & ZHONG Ning2,3,4 1 Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100053,China 2 The International WIC Institute,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China 3 Beijing Municipal Lab of Brain Informatics,Beijing 100124,China 4 Department of Life Science and Informatics,Maebashi Institute of Technology,Maebashi 371-0816,Japan | 2009 | Science China(Life Sciences)2009，52，8： | 5 |
| 4 | DC dielectrophoresis separation of marine algae and particles in a microfluidic chip显示文摘This paper reports a microfluidic method of continuous separation of marine algae and particles by DC dielectrophoresis. The locally non-uniform electric field is generated by an insulating PDMS triangle hurdle fabricated within a PDMS microchannel. Both the particles and algae are subject to negative DEP forces at the hurdle where the gradient of local electric-field strength is the strongest. The DEP force acting on the particle or the algae depends on particles' or algae's volume, shape and dielectric properties. Thus the moving particles and algae will be repelled to different streamlines when passing the hurdle. In this way, combined with the electroosmotic flow, continuous separation of algae of two different sizes, and continuous separation of polystyrene particles and algae with similar volume but different shape were achieved. This first demonstration of DC DEP separation of polystyrene particles and algae with similar sizes illustrates the great influence of dielectric properties on particle separation and potentials for sample pretreatment. | SONG YongXin1, YANG JianDong1, SHI XiaoFei4, JIANG Hai3, WU YanBin1, PENG Ran1, WANG Qi5, GONG Ning2, PAN XinXiang1, SUN YeQing2 & LI DongQing1,31Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China 2Institute of Environmental Systems Biology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China 3Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada 4College of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China 5Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116026, China | 2012 | Science China Chemistry2012，55，4： | 3 |
| 5 | Hypoxia adaptation and hemoglobin mutation in Tibetan chick embryo显示文摘Tibetan chick lives at high altitudes between 2600 and 4200 m with a high hatcha-bility and low land breeds survive rarely with a hatchability of 3.0% under hypoxia of simulated 4200 m. Under hypoxia of whole 21 d, the hatchability of Tibetan chick and Recessive White Feather broiler differed with a greatest disparity from day 4 to 11 and also significantly in other stages except from day 1 to 3. Hypoxia in each stage did not reduce significantly survival rate of this stage except hatchability. These two results indicated that the hypoxia in the early stage had an adverse effect on the later stage. All exons encoding chick hemoglobins were sequenced to analyze gene polymorphism. The functional mutation Met-32(B13)-Leu, related with hypoxia, was found in αD globin chain and the mutation frequency increased with increased altitude. In addition, under hypoxic conditions, the population with higher mutation frequency had a higher hatchability. The automated homology model building was carried out using crystal structure co-ordinates of chick HbD. The results indicated that the substitution Met-32(B13)-Leu provides a more hydrophobic environment which leads to higher stability of heme and oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. The occurrence of the mutation Met-32(B13)-Leu is related to the origin of Tibetan chick. | GOU Xiao1, LI Ning2, LIAN Linsheng3, YAN Dawei3, ZHANG Hao1 & WU Changxin1 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China 2. The National Opened Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China 3. College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China | 2005 | Science China(Life Sciences)2005，48，6： | 2 |
| 6 | Research of blastocyte-like structure in chicken显示文摘The chicken embryo is a classic model used to investigate embryonic development, gene expression, and tissue differentiation, and is also an important research tool in studying the animal functional genomics. The whole blastoderms of fresh unincubated eggs from White Leg-horn chickens were collected with a paper ring, mechanically broken into small pieces and cul-tured in medium. Then the small pieces would develop into blastocyte-like structures (BLS), which could be facilitated by an addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to the primary culture and their diameter was nearly doubled from 12 to 24 h. The additional yolk had no positive effect on the development in the first 12 h but encouraged the BLSs attaching and inner cells differentiat-ing instead in 24 h. The inner cells of the BLS showing a high alkaline-phosphatase activity similar to those in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and also expressing a large amount of the specific stage embryonic antigen-1 (SSEA-1) on the surface, which was known to be the char-acteristic of non-differentiated mouse and avian ES cells, could finally differentiate into nerve-like cells, fibroblast cells and so on in the medium. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) facilitated the cells’ proliferation and prevented differentiation in the suspended culture of the BLSs. So we drew the conclusion that the BLS obtained from broken blastoderm can be used to amplify avian ES cells so as to initiate a new method of producing transgenic chickens. | LI Jia1, PAN Qiuzhen1, LI Junying1, HAN Hongbing1, SUN Shufeng1, YANG Jun1, XU Shuguang, TIAN Liang, LIAN Zhengxing1,2, YANG Ning1,2 & LI Ning2,3 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China 2. Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100094, China 3. State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100094, China | 2005 | Science China(Life Sciences)2005，48，5： | 2 |
| 7 | Single nucleotide polymorphism analysis on melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) of Chinese native pig显示文摘Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R) gene, one of the important candidate genes for coat color trait, was used to analyze the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in Chinese native pig breeds by PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). The study had also taken 3 imported pig breeds as control. The results showed that the three mutations G284A, T309C and T364C found in Chinese native pigs were consistent to the mutation found in the European Large Black individuals. However, 68CC or C492T and G728A were only found in the imported individuals, which were obviously different from the Chinese native pigs. Accordingly, we presumed that the coat colors of Chinese native pigs belonged to dominant black color sys-tem, which was completely distinct to that of imported pig breeds. Thus it was implied that MC1R gene was not the principal factor affecting the coat color differences of Chinese native pig breeds, but could be used to trace the molecular evolution of pig breeds. | SHI Kerong1,2, WANG Aiguo1, LI Ning2 & DENG Xuemei1 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China 2. National Laboratory for Agribiotechnology of China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China | 2004 | Science China(Life Sciences)2004，47，3： | 2 |
| 8 | Measurement of Ca^(2+) Flow in Cochlear Cells Using Non-Invasive Micro-Test Technique显示文摘Objective To test Calcium ion(Ca2+) flow at the head and end of outer hair cells(OHCs) in resting state and in response to Nimodipine treatment.Methods Non-invasive micro-test techniques were used to study Ca2+ in isolated OHCs in adult guinea pigs.Results Four types of Ca2+ transport were identified in OHCs on basilar membrane tissue fragments:influx at the head of with efflux at the bottom(type 1):efflux at the head of OHCs with influx at the bottom(type 2);influx at the both head and bottom(type 3);and efflux at the both head and bottom(type 4).However,only type 1 and type 3 of Ca2+ ion transport were detected in the cochlea.We propose that Ca2+ ion transport exists in adult guinea pig cochlear OHCs in resting state and is variable.Ca2 + flow in OHC can be inhibited by Nimodipine in resting state. | CHEN Shi-qin1,2*,YU Ning2*,YE Sheng-nan2,YANG Shi-ming1,ZHAI Suo-qiang1 1 Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,Oto-Neurobiology Centre,Institute of Otolaryngology,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China 2 Department of Otolaryngology,Affiliated First Hospital,Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350005,China | 2010 | Journal of Otology2010，5，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Differential gene expression of phosphoglyceric kinase (PGK) and hypoxic adaptation in chicken显示文摘Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the Phosphoglyceric Kinase (PGK) gene were discov- ered based on comparison of the sequences from an altiplano chicken breed (Tibetan chicken) and two lowland breeds (White Leghorn and Shouguang chicken). Gel-shift results indicate that one of these SNPs, an A→G mutation at position 59 in exon10, is able to bind hypoxia-induced factor-l (HIF-1), functioning as a hypoxia response element (HRE). The mutant gene results in M→T mutation at position 379 amino acid. The combined activity of this HRE and HIF-1 could increase correspondingly under a hypoxic stimulus. Hypoxia leads to increased death rates of chicken embryos; while the M→T mutation described herein is prevalent in healthy embryos grown under hypoxic conditions, thus it may repre- sent an adaptation to hypoxia. Fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription PCR results revealed that HIF-1 upregulates the transcript level of the glycolytic enzyme PGK in the brain and skeletal mus- cle of animals subjected to hypoxia. Thus, a large amount of ATP is produced by increased glycolysis, allowing the organism to meet energy metabolism demands. As such, we believe this SNP to be an adaptation to the external anoxic environment. | WANG CunFang1,3, YUAN CunZhong2, ZHANG Lao1, WU ChangXin1 & LI Ning2 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China 2 China State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China 3 College of Food and Biologic Engineering, Shandong Institute of Light Industry, Jinan 250353, China | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Web GIS design and realization for groundwater resources in the Yellow River basin显示文摘This article brings forward a design and realization scheme of Web GIS in the Yellow River basin for the management of groundwater resources. The main goals are to manage and share data of massive-scale, to support the research of groundwater resources in the Yellow River basin. In this paper we point out the necessity and feasibility of building the distributed Web GIS for geographical research objects on a large scale. We put forward some solutions for the construction of this kind of system including a holistic deployment strategy in the Internet, a scheme of distributed data storage and management, a design of application structure based on three tires architecture by each province and how they collaborate with each other. It also illuminates how the application server works, and sets forth the relations among databases which work together in this system. | GAO Jianguo1,2, GONG Huili1,2, ZHAO Wenji1,2, ZHANG Xiaosong1 & YAN Ning2 1. Resource, Environment and GIS Key Laboratory of Beijing, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China 2. 3 Dimension Information Extraction and Application Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Beijing 100037, China Correspondence should be addressed to Gong Huili Web GIS design and realization for groundwa- ter resources in the Yellow River basin GAO Jianguo1,2, GONG Huili1,2, ZHAO Wenji1,2, ZHANG Xiaosong1 & YAN Ning2 1. Resource, Environment and GIS Key Laboratory of Beijing, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100037, China 2. 3 Dimension Information Extraction and Application Key Laboratory of Education Ministry, Beijing 100037, China | 2004 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2004，47，z1： | 1 |
| 11 | The screening and identification of endogenous retrovirus free CEMPs显示文摘The provirus DNA sequence of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) distributed in the pig genome is the major obstacle that restricts the swine as the organ donors in xenotransplantation, and the copy number of PERV varies greatly among different breeds and individuals. In the experiment, 67 healthy, female Chinese Experimental Mini-Pigs (CEMPs) aged at 3—6 months were selected from the Animal Husbandry Station of China Agricultural University, the copy number of PERV and types of envelope protein gene (env) were then investigated by means of PCR analysis and Southern blotting. It is showed that the distribution of types of envelope protein gene in Landrace and CEMPs makes little difference, but the proportion of individuals carrying two types of envelope protein gene (env-A and env-B, which is de- noted as env-AB) is much larger than those which carry only one type of envelope protein gene (env-A or env-B). Meanwhile, two endogenous retrovirus free pigs were found for the first time during our research, and the copy number of others is relatively low, which is about 10 to 20. All the results illuminate the genetic diversity of indigenous pig breeds in China and the potential of CEMPs to serve as organ donors in xenotransplantation. | LU Quanzhi1,3, HAN Hongbing1,3, LIAN Zhengxing1,3, LI Ning2,3, ZHANG Qingcai1, ZHAO Zili4, PEI Dezhi1, ZHANG Xiaolan1 & WU Changxin1 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China 2. State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing 100094, China 3. Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100094, China 4. Sangzi Hu Pig Breeding Farm, Hubei 434010, China Correspondence should be addressed to Lian Zhengxing | 2004 | Science China(Life Sciences)2004，47，6： | 0 |
| 12 | Magnesium Thixotropic Structures Produced by Controlled Nucleation Method显示文摘Controlled Nucleation Method (CNM) is applied to AZ91 magnesium alloy to produce thixotropic structure suitable for semisolid casting.Pouring temperature and cooling rate are the two important solidification conditions that can be used for microstructure control in CNM process.Both have a significant effect on the as-cast microstructure and therefore on semisolid microstructure.Low pouring temperature produces fine non-dendritic as-cast structure.After partial remelting and isothermal holding,it develops into a thixotropic structure.High pouring temperature leads to a coarse dendritic as-cast structure,which turns into an irregular solid network in semisolid state.High pouring temperature can combine with high cooling rate to achieve a thixotropic structure. | H Wang1 Z L Ning2(1.Faculty of Engineering and Surveying,University of Southern Queensland,Toowoomba,Australia 2.School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology) | 2007 | 特种铸造及有色合金2007，27，S1： | 0 |
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