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| 1 | Liver fat content determined by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy显示文摘Hepatic steatosis as the most prevalent liver disorder can either be related to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In both conditions, hepatocytes excessively accumulate fatcontaining vacuoles within their cytoplasm, which is the key histological feature. In contrast to ALD, NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. To determine increased liver fat content, liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard. Besides the invasive technique, various other non-invasive techniques have been developed, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based methods. Among these techniques, ultrasound and CT provide only qualitative information about hepatic steatosis, whereas MRS-or MRI-based methods are able to determine even small amounts of fat accurately. These non-invasive magnetic resonance techniques have already proven their great potential, especially in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies regarding various metabolic conditions and medical treatment regimens. In this review, the most common, non-invasive MRS/MRI techniques for assessment of intrahepatic lipid content are described with their inherent advantages and limitations. | Fabian Springer Jürgen Machann Claus D Claussen Fritz Schick Nina F Schwenzer | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，13： | 19 |
| 2 | Non-invasive assessment and quantification of liver steatosis by ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance显示文摘 | Nina F. Schwenzer Fabian Springer Christina Schraml Norbert Stefan Jürgen Machann Fritz Schick | 2009 | Journal of Hepatology2009，，3： | 4 |
| 3 | High Hepatic SCD1 Activity Is Associated with Low Liver Fat Content in Healthy Subjects under a Lipogenic Diet显示文摘 | Günther Silbernagel Marketa Kovarova Alexander Cegan Jürgen Machann Fritz Schick Rainer Lehmann Hans-Ulrich H?ring Norbert Stefan Erwin Schleicher Andreas Fritsche Andreas Peter | 2012 | The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism2012，，12： | 3 |
| 4 | Relationship of serum adiponectin and leptin concentrations with body fat distribution in human显示文摘 | Staiger H Tschritter O Machann J | 2003 | Obes Res2003，11，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Effects of a lifestyle intervention in metabolically benign and malign obesity 显示文摘 | Kantartzis K Machann J Schick F | 2011 | Diabetologia2011，54，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Acquired generalized lipoatrophy (AGL) :highly selective MR lipid imaging and localized :H-MRS显示文摘 | Brechtel K Jacob S Machann J | 2000 | J Magn Reson Imaging2000，12，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Acquired Generalized Lipoatrophy (AGL):Highly Selective MR Lipid Imaging and Localized ^1H-MRS显示文摘 | Brechtel K Jacob S Machann J | 2000 | J Magn Reson Imaging2000，12，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Exercise-induced albuminuria is associated with perivascular renal sinus fat in individuals at increased risk of type 2 diabetes显示文摘 | Wagner R Machann J Lehmann R | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Quantification of Pancreatic Lipomatosis and Liver Steatosis by MRI: Comparison of In/Opposed-Phase and Spectral-Spatial Excitation Techniques显示文摘 | Nina F. Schwenzer Jürgen Machann Petros Martirosian Norbert Stefan Christina Schraml Andreas Fritsche Claus D. Claussen Fritz Schick | 2008 | Investigative Radiology2008，，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Osteodensitometry of human heel bones by MR spin - echo imaging: comparison with MR gradient - echo imaging and quantitative computed tomography 显示文摘 | Machann J Raible A Schnatterbeck P | 2001 | J Magn Reson Imaging2001，14，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Combination of acarbose and ezetimibe prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:a break of intestinal insulin resistance显示文摘 | Rudovich NN Weickert MO Machann J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Relationships of circulating sex hormone-binding globulin with metabolic traits in humans显示文摘 | Peter A Kantartzis K Machann J | | 0，，12： | 1 |
| 13 | Acquired generalized lipoatrophy (AGL):highly selective MR lipid imaging and localized 1H-MRS显示文摘 | Brechtel K Jacob S Machann J | 2000 | J Magn Reson Imaging2000，12，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Separation of intro- and extramyocellular lipid signals in proton MR spectra by determination of their magnetic field distribution 显示文摘 | Steidle G Machann J Claussen CD | 2002 | J Magn Reson2002，154，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Relationships of circulating sex hormone binding globulin with metabolic traits in humants显示文摘 | Peter A Kantartzis K Machann J | 2010 | Diabetes2010，59，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Common genetic variation in the SERPINF1 locus determines overall adi- posity, obesity-related insulin resistance, and circulating leptin levels 显示文摘 | Bohm A Ordelheide AM Machann J | 2012 | PLoS One2012，7，34： | 1 |
| 17 | Normal-weight 14-year-old girl with acanthosis nigricans and markedly increased hepatic steatosis:evidence for the important role of ectopic fat deposition in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in childhood and adolescence显示文摘 | Springer F Nguyen HP Machann J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Intramyocellular Lipids and Insulin Resistance Diabetes显示文摘 | Machann J Haring H Schick F | 2004 | Obes Metab2004，6，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Age and gender related effects on adipose tissue compartments of subjects with increased risk for type 2 diabetes:a whole body MRI/MRS study显示文摘 | Machann J Thamer C Schnoedt B | 2005 | MAGMA2005，18，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Age and gender related effects on adipose tissue compartments of subjects with increased risk for type 2 diabetes: a whole body MRI / MRS study显示文摘 | Machann J Thamer C Schnoedt B | 2005 | MAGMA2005，18，3： | 1 |
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