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| 1 | Valgus osteotomy for nonunion and neglected neck of femur fractures显示文摘Nonunion neck of femur can be a difficult problem to treat, particularly in the young, and is associated with high complication rates of avascular necrosis due to the precarious blood supply and poor biomechanics.The various treatment options that have been described can be broadly divided according to the aim of improving either biology or biomechanics. Surgeries aimed at improving the biology, such as vascularized fibula grafting, have good success rates but require high levels of expertise and substantial resources. A popular surgical treatment aimed at improving the biomechanics-valgus intertrochanteric osteotomyoptimizes conditions for fracture healing by converting shear forces across the fracture site into compressive forces. Numerous variations of this surgical procedure have been developed and successfully applied in clinical practice. As a result, the proximal femoral orientation for obtaining a good functional outcome has evolved over the years, and the present concept of altering the proximal femoral anatomy as little as possible has arisen. This technical objective supports attaining union as well as a good functional outcome, since excessive valgus can lead to increased joint reaction forces. This review summarizes the historical and current literature on valgus intertrochanteric osteotomy treatment of nonunion neck of femur, with a focus on factors predictive of good functional outcome and potential pitfalls to be avoided as well as controversies surrounding this procedure. | Viju Daniel Varghese Abel Livingston P R Boopalan Thilak S Jepegnanam | 2016 | World Journal of Orthopedics2016，7，5： | 4 |
| 2 | Large cystic lesions of the liver in adults: a 15-year experience in a tertiary center 1 1 No competing interests declared.显示文摘 | Arie Regev K.Rajender Reddy Mariana Berho Dan Sleeman Joe U Levi Alan S Livingstone David Levi Unzila Ali Enrique G Molina Eugene R Schiff | 2001 | Journal of the American College of Surgeons2001，，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Reduced striatal volumes in Parkinson’s disease:a magnetic resonance imaging study显示文摘Background:The presence and extent of structural changes in the brain as a consequence of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is still poorly understood.Methods:High-resolution 3-tesla T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images in sixty-five PD and 27 age-matched healthy control participants were examined.Putamen,caudate,and intracranial volumes were manually traced in the axial plane of 3D reconstructed images.Striatal nuclei volumes were normalized to intracranial volume for statistical comparison.Disease status was assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr scale.Cognitive status was assessed using global status tests and detailed neuropsychological testing.Results:Both caudate and putamen volumes were smaller in PD brains compared to controls after adjusting for age and gender.Caudate volumes were reduced by 11%(p=0.001)and putamen volumes by 8.1%(p=0.025).PD striatal volumes were not found to be significantly correlated with cognitive or motor decline.Conclusion:Small,but significant reductions in the volume of both the caudate and putamen occur in PD brains.These reductions are independent of the effects of age and gender,however the relation of these reductions to the functional loss of dopamine,which is characteristic of PD,remains unclear. | Toni L Pitcher Tracy R Melzer Michael R MacAskill Charlotte F Graham Leslie Livingston Ross J Keenan Richard Watts John C Dalrymple-Alford Tim J Anderson | 2012 | Translational Neurodegeneration2012，1，1： | 2 |
| 4 | The effectiveness of callback counselling for smoking cessation: a randomized trial显示文摘 | Borland R Segan CJ Livingston PM | 2001 | Addiction2001，96，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Stigma Shrinks my Bubble:a qualitative study of understandings and experiences of stigma and bipolar disorder显示文摘 | Suto M Livingston JD Hole R | 2012 | Stigma Res Action2012，2，2： | 1 |
| 6 | In search of the tumour - suppressor functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 显示文摘 | Scully R Livingston DM | 2000 | Nature2000，408，6811： | 1 |
| 7 | The fate of organic xenobiotics in a-quatic ecosystems:quantitative and qualitative differ-ences in biotransformation by invertebrates and fish显示文摘 | Livingstone D R | 1998 | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology PartA1998，120，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Ontogenetic patterns in diet and feeding morphology in sympatric sparid fishes from seagrass meadows显示文摘 | Stoner A W Livingston R J | 1984 | Copeia1984，1984，： | 1 |
| 9 | Mechanisms of cement hydration 显示文摘 | BULLARD J W JENNINGS H M LIVINGSTON R A | 2011 | Cem Concr Res2011，41，12： | 1 |
| 10 | A low-profile wide- band (5:1) dual-pol array显示文摘 | LEE J LIVINGSTON S KOENIG R | 2003 | IEEE Antennas and Wire- less Propagation Letters2003，2，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Vinorelbine plus cisplatin vs observation in resected non-small cell lung cancer Intergroup显示文摘 | Winton T L Livingston R Johnson D | 2005 | N Engl J Med2005，25，352： | 1 |
| 12 | Tectonostratigraphic development of the Interior Sudan Rifts,Central Africa显示文摘 | TIM R Mchargue TOM L Heidrick JACK E Livingston | 1992 | Tectonophysics1992，21，3： | 1 |
| 13 | The effects of nitrogen stress on the stable carbon isotope composition, productivity and water use efficiency of white spruce seedlings 显示文摘 | Livingston N J Guy R D Sun Z J | 1999 | Plant cell and Environment1999，22，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Studies on myeloperoxidase activity in the common mussel,Mytilus edulis L显示文摘 | Schlenk D Martinez P G livingstone P R | 1991 | Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology1991，99，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Differential chemotherapeutic sensitivity for breast tumors with 'BRCAness':a review显示文摘 | Chalasani P Livingston R | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Oxyrad- ical production as a pollution mediated mechanism of toxicity in the common mussel Mytilus edulis and other mollusks显示文摘 | Livingstone D R Garcia M P Michel X | 1990 | Functional Ecology1990，4，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Factors controlling seagrassgrowth in a gulf coastal system:water and sediment quality andlight显示文摘 | Livingston R J McGlynn S E Niu X | 1998 | Aquatic Botany1998，60，： | 1 |
| 18 | The fate of organic xenobiotics in aquatic ecosystems: quantitative and qualitative differences in biotransformation by invertebrates and fish显示文摘 | Livingstone D R | 1998 | Comparative Biochemitry and Physiology1998，120，： | 1 |
| 19 | Regional difference in insulin inhibition of nonesterified fatty acid release from human adipocytesrelation to insulin receptor phosphorylation and intracellular signaling through the insulin receptor substrate-1 pathway显示文摘 | ZIERATH J R LIVINGSTON J N THORNE A | 1998 | Diabetologia1998，41，： | 1 |
| 20 | The formation of tetravalent uranium during the uranyl-sensitized photochemical decomposition of oxalic acid显示文摘 | McBrady J J Livingston R | 1946 | J Phys Chem1946，50，3： | 1 |
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