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| 1 | Diagnosis and management of choledocholithiasis in the golden age of imaging, endoscopy and laparoscopy显示文摘Biliary lithiasis is an endemic condition in both Western and Eastern countries, in some studies affecting 20% of the general population. In up to 20% of cases, gallbladder stones are associated with common bile duct stones(CBDS), which are asymptomatic in up to one half of cases. Despite the wide variety of examinations and techniques available nowadays, two main open issues remain without a clear answer: how to cost-effectively diagnose CBDS and, when they are finally found, how to deal with them. CBDS diagnosis and management has radically changed over the last 30 years, following the dramatic diffusion of imaging, including endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) and magnetic resonance cholangiography(MRC), endoscopy and laparoscopy. Since accuracy, invasiveness, potential therapeutic use and costeffectiveness of imaging techniques used to identifyCBDS increase together in a parallel way, the concept of 'risk of carrying CBDS' has become pivotal to identifying the most appropriate management of a specific patient in order to avoid the risk of 'under-studying' by poor diagnostic work up or 'over-studying' by excessively invasive examinations. The risk of carrying CBDS is deduced by symptoms, liver/pancreas serology and ultrasound. 'Low risk' patients do not require further examination before laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Two main 'philosophical approaches' face each other for patients with an 'intermediate to high risk' of carrying CBDS: on one hand, the 'laparoscopy-first' approach, which mainly relies on intraoperative cholangiography for diagnosis and laparoscopic common bile duct exploration for treatment, and, on the other hand, the 'endoscopy-first' attitude, variously referring to MRC, EUS and/or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for diagnosis and endoscopic sphincterotomy for management. Concerning CBDS diagnosis, intraoperative cholangiography, EUS and MRC are reported to have similar results. Regarding management, the recent literature seems to show better short and long term outcome of surgery in terms of retained stones and need for further procedures. Nevertheless, open surgery is invasive, whereas the laparoscopic common bile duct clearance is time consuming, technically demanding and involves dedicated instruments. Thus, although no consensus has been achieved and CBDS management seems more conditioned by the availability of instrumentation, personnel and skills than cost-effectiveness, endoscopic treatment is largely preferred worldwide. | Renato Costi Alessandro Gnocchi Francesco Di Mario Leopoldo Sarli | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，37： | 48 |
| 2 | Does Helicobacter pylori infection eradication modify peptic ulcer prevalence? A 10 years' endoscopical survey显示文摘瞄准:为了在病人比较消化性溃疡流行,在根除治疗的进步散开以后在 pre-Helicobacter 时代和十年在二所意大利的医院里为上面的胃肠的内视镜检查法参考了。方法:我们检查了连续地在 1992 和 2002 期间在 1986-1987 和 1995-1996 期间在 Padova 的肠胃病学单位,并且在 Parma 的肠胃病学单位执行的所有内视镜的考试。迟平方测试被用于统计分析。结果:从两个的数据内视镜的中心在溃疡的流行显示出统计上重要的减少:从 12.7% ~ 6.3%(P<0.001 ) 在 Padova 并且从 15.6% ~ 12%(P<0.001 ) 在 Parma。减少两个都是重要的为十二指肠(从 8.8% ~ 4.8% , P<0.001 ) 并且胃溃疡(3.9% ~ 1.5% , P<0.001 ) 在 Padova,并且仅仅为在 Parma 的十二指肠溃疡(9.2% ~ 6.1% , P<0.001;胃溃疡:6.3% ~ 5.8% , NS ) 。结论:在征兆的病人的根除在消化性溃疡流行导致了重要减小的广泛的 Helicobacter pylori (H pylori ) 的十年。这减小在 Padova 是特别地明显的,在为在一般 practioners 之中的 H pylori 根除的致敏的一个工程在 1990 和 1992 之间被执行的地方。假如我们的假设应该是真的, H pylori 根除可能在未来导致是的消化性溃疡一稀罕内视镜的发现。 | Giorgio Nervi Stefania Liatopoulou Lucas Giovanni Cavallaro Alessandro Gnocchi Nadia Dal Bò Massimo Rugge Veronica Iori Giulia Martina Cavestro Marta Maino Giancarlo Colla Angelo Franzè Francesco Di Mario | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，15： | 5 |
| 3 | New immunosuppressive drug PNU156804 blocks IL-2-dependent proliferation and NF-kappa B and AP-1 activation显示文摘 | Songia S Gnocchi P Ferrari M Fornasiero C D'Alessio R | 1999 | J Immunol1999，162，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Control of Myf5 activation in adult skeletal myonuclei requires ERK signaling显示文摘 | Perez-Ruiz A Gnocchi VF Zammit PS | 2007 | Cell Signal2007，19，8： | 1 |
| 5 | Embryo transfercatheters : softer is easier 显示文摘 | Ruhlmann C Gnocchi DC Cattaneo AR | 2015 | J Bras Reprod Assist2015，19，4： | 1 |
| 6 | beta-Catenin promotes self-renewal of skeletal-muscle satellite cells 显示文摘 | Perez-Ruiz A Ono Y Gnocchi VF | 2008 | J Cell Sci2008，121，9： | 1 |
| 7 | Beta-Catenin promotes self-renewal of skeletal- muscle satellite ceils 显示文摘 | Perez-Ruiz A Ono Y Gnocchi V F | 2008 | J Cell Sci2008，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Intra- abdominal infection and new quinolones 显示文摘 | Gnocchi CA | 1999 | Medicina (B Aires)1999，59，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Dynamics of mus cle fibre growth during postnatal mouse development 显示文摘 | White RB Bi~rinx AS Gnocchi VF | 2010 | BMC Developmental Biology2010，10，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Ghrelin and des-aeyl ghrelin promote differentiation and fusion of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells 显示文摘 | Filigheddu N Gnocchi VF Coscia M | 2007 | Molecular Biology of the Cell2007，18，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Intra-abdominal infection and new quinolones 显示文摘 | Gnocchi CA | 1999 | Medicina ( B Aires)1999，59，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Genetic variability of the wild diploid wheat Triticum urartu revealed by RFLP and RAPD markers显示文摘 | Castagna R Gnocchi S Perenzin M | 1997 | Theor Appl Genet1997，94，： | 1 |
| 13 | Hepatocyte growth factor effects on mesenchymal stem cels:proliferation,migration,and differentiation显示文摘 | Forte G Minieri M Cossa P Antenucci D Sala M Gnocchi V | 2006 | Stem Cel s2006，24，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Intra-abdominal infection and new quinolones显示文摘 | Gnocchi CA | 1999 | Medicina(B Aires)1999，59，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Genetic diversity of an Italian Rhizobium meliloti population from different Medi-cago sativa varieties显示文摘 | Paffetti D Scotti C Gnocchi S | 1996 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology1996，62，7： | 1 |
| 16 | Variation a- mong and within Italian alfalfa ecotypes by means of bio- agronomic characters and amplified fragment length pol- ymorphism analysis显示文摘 | Zaccardelli M Gnocchi S Carelli M | 2003 | Plant Breeding2003，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Lipids around the Clock: Focus on Circadian Rhythms and Lipid Metabolism显示文摘 | Gnocchi D PedrelliM Hurt-Camejo E eta1 | 2015 | Biology (Basel)2015，4，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Genetic variability of the wild diploid wheat Triticum urartu revealed by RFLP and RAPD markers 显示文摘 | Castagna R Gnocchi S Perenzin M Heun M | 1997 | Theor Appl Genet1997，94，： | 1 |
| 19 | Intra-abdominal infection and new quinolones显示文摘 | Gnocchi CA | 1999 | Medicina(B Aires)1999，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Ghrelin anddes-acyl ghrelin promote differentiation and fusion of C2Cl2skeletal muscle cells 显示文摘 | Filigheddu N Gnocchi VF Coscia M | 2007 | Molecular Biology of The Cell2007，18，3： | 1 |
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