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| 1 | Alcohol metabolites and lipopolysaccharide: Roles in the development and/or progression of alcoholic liver disease显示文摘The onset of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is initiated by different cell types in the liver and a number of different factors including: products derived from ethanol-induced inflammation, ethanol metabolites, and the indirect reactions from those metabolites. Ethanol oxidation results in the production of metabolites that have been shown to bind and form protein adducts, and to increase inflammatory, fibrotic and cirrhotic responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has many deleterious effects and plays a significant role in a number of disease processes by increasing inflammatory cytokine release. In ALD, LPS is thought to be derived from a breakdown in the intestinal wall enabling LPS from resident gut bacterial cell walls to leak into the blood stream. The ability of adducts and LPS to independently stimulate the various cells of the liver provides for a two-hit mechanism by which various biological responses are induced and result in liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of a two-hit combination of ethanol metabolites and LPS on the cells of the liver to increase inflamma-tion and fi brosis, and play a role in the development and/or progression of ALD. | Courtney S Schaffert Michael J Duryee Carlos D Hunter Bartlett C Hamilton 3rd Amy L DeVeney Mary M Huerter Lynell W Klassen Geoffrey M Thiele | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，10： | 20 |
| 2 | The plant hormone zeatin riboside inhibits T lymphocyte activity via adenosine A2A receptor activation显示文摘细胞激动素是在植物生长和开发的多重方面起一个不可分的作用的植物荷尔蒙。然而,在哺乳动物的系统的细胞激动素的生物功能大部分是 uncharacterized。自然地发生的细胞激动素玉米素核糖甙最近被表明了激活2A受体,它是广泛地包括免疫系统房间由各种各样的房间类型表示了的哺乳动物的腺苷,与 A 的激活 2A在房间的规定起一个作用的 R 在天生、适应的免疫包含了。我们第一次证明玉米素核糖甙经由 A 调制哺乳动物的免疫系统活动 2AR 依赖的机制。明确地,玉米素核糖甙处理由 T 淋巴细胞导致周期的腺苷 monophosphate (营地)的生产并且由 CD3 +干扰素( IFN )的 CD4 + T 房间-γ, IL-2 ,肿瘤坏死因素( TNF )-α, IL-4 和 IL-13 ,并且由 CD3 + IFN-γ 的 CD8 + T 房间;, IL-2 和 TNF-α ;。另外,由激活的 T 淋巴细胞的 CD25, CD69 和 CD40L 的 upregulation 被玉米素核糖甙调制。玉米素核糖甙处理 potently 也禁止导致 thioglycollate 的腹白细胞增多。玉米素核糖甙的 immunomodulatory 活动被合作处理与选择 A 堵住 2A R 对手 ZM241385。这些数据建议那玉米素核糖甙作为一个哺乳动物的 immunomodulatory 代理人拥有治疗学的潜力。 | Courtney M Lappas | 2015 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2015，12，1： | 3 |
| 3 | 临床实践指南应当包含治疗负担显示文摘医疗方案的实施需要花费大量时间和精力,给慢性病患者带来巨大负担。然而,临床实践指南高度重视的是得到某些临床结果(如呼吸急促减少或存活率增加),传统指南的建议也是从同样角度提出的。最近的指南会考虑患者的价值观以及指南建议行为的可接受性和可行性,但对治疗负担没有明确规定。这使患者很难根据自己的价值观和能力对治疗做出明智的决定。 | Claudia C Dobler Nathan Harb Catherine A Maguire Carol L Armour Courtney Coleman M Hassan Murad 邓璇(译) 莫云凌(校) | 2019 | 英国医学杂志中文版2019，22，3： | 3 |
| 4 | Pediatric asthma severity score is associated with critical care interventions显示文摘AIM To determine if a standardized asthma severity scoring system(PASS) was associated with the time spent on continuous albuterol and length of stay in the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU).METHODS This is a single center,retrospective chart review study at a major children's hospital in an urban location.To qualify for this study,participants must have been admitted to the PICU with a diagnosis of status asthmaticus.There were a total of 188 participants between the ages of two and nineteen,excluding patients receiving antibiotics for pneumonia.PASS was calculated upon PICU admission.Subjects were put into one of three categories based on PASS: ≤ 7(mild),8-11(moderate),and ≥ 12(severe).The groups were compared based on different variables,including length of continuous albuterol and PICU stay.RESULTS The age distribution across all groups was similar.The median length of continuous albuterol was longest in the severe group with a duration of 21.5 h(11.5-27.5),compared to 15(7.75-23.75) and 10(5-15) in the moderate and mild groups,respectively(P = 0.001).Thelength of stay was longest in the severe group,with a stay of 35.6 h(22-49) compared to 26.5(17-30) and 17.6(12-29) in the moderate and mild groups,respectively(P = 0.001).CONCLUSION A higher PASS is associated with a longer time on continuous albuterol,an increased likelihood to require noninvasive ventilation,and a longer stay in the ICU.This may help safely distribute asthmatics to lower and higher levels of care in the future. | Danielle K Maue Nadia Krupp Courtney M Rowan | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Transient and sustained activity in a distributed neural system for human working memory显示文摘 | Courtney S M Ungerleider L Keil K | 1997 | Nature1997，，386： | 1 |
| 6 | Radar Nowcasting of Cloud-to-Ground Lightning OverHouston,Texas显示文摘 | Richard M Mosier Courtney Schumacher Richard E | 2011 | Weather and Forecasting2011，26，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Migrastatin and a new compound isoMigrastatin from Streptomyces platensis显示文摘 | Woo E J Starks Courtney M | 2002 | J Antibiotics2002，55，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Localization and phosphorylation of Abl-interactor proteins,Abi1 and Abi-2,in the developing nevous system显示文摘 | Courtney KD Grove M Vandongen H | 2004 | Mol Cell Neurosci2004，16，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Central venous catheters:a survey of ICU practices显示文摘 | Rickard CM Courtney M Webster J | 2004 | J Adv Nurs2004，48，3： | 1 |
| 10 | The embryo versus endometrium controversy revisited as it relates to predicting pregnancy outcome in in-vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles 显示文摘 | Schwartz LB Chiu AS Courtney M | 1997 | Hum Reprod1997，12，1： | 1 |
| 11 | A randomised controlled trial of a community nursing intervention: improved quality of life and healing for clients with chronic leg ulcers 显示文摘 | Edwards H Courtney M Finlayson K | 2009 | J ClinNurs2009，18，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Biomaterials for Blood-Contacting Applications显示文摘 | J M Courtney N M K Lamba M Sundaram C D Forbes | 1994 | Biomaterials1994，10，： | 1 |
| 13 | The intra-aortic bal- loon pump in heart failure management: implications for nursing practice 显示文摘 | Lewis P A Ward D A Courtney M D | 2009 | Australian Critical Care2009，22，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Adult duct-lining cells can reprogram into beta-like cells able to counter repeated cycles of toxin-induced diabetes显示文摘 | A1-Hasani K Pfeifer A Courtney M | 2013 | Dev Cell2013，26，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Peer-to-peer Lending to Small Businesses显示文摘 | Traci L M Courtney M C Cailin R S | 2014 | Staff Working Pa- pers in the Finance and Economics Discussion Se- ries2014，10，： | 1 |
| 16 | Laboratory and clinical experience in 55 patients with macroprolactinemia identified by a simple polyethylene glycol precipitation method 显示文摘 | Leslie H Courtney C H Bell P M | 2001 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2001，86，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Quality clinical place- ments for undergraduate nursing students: A cross - sectional survey of undergraduates and supervising nurses 显示文摘 | Courtney - Pratt H Fitzgerald M Ford K | 2012 | J Adv Nurs2012，68，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Clinical characteristics of aortic aneurysm and dissection as a cause of sudden death in outpatients显示文摘 | Pierce L C Courtney D M | 2008 | Am J Emerg Med2008，26，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Development and validation of the Chinese version of the diabetes management self-efficacy scale 显示文摘 | Wu S F V Courtney M Edwards H | 2008 | Int J Nurs Stud2008，45，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Improved healing rates for chronic venous leg ulcers:Pilot study results from a randomized controlled trial of a community nursing intervention显示文摘 | Edwards H Courtney M Finlayson K | 2005 | Int J Nurs Pract2005，11，4： | 1 |
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