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| 1 | EFFECTIVE DISCHARGE CALCULATION GUIDE显示文摘This paper presents a procedure for calculating the effective discharge for rivers with alluvial channels. An alluvial river adjusts the bankfull shape and dimensions of its channel to the wide range of flows that mobilize the boundary sediments. It has been shown that time-averaged river morphology is adjusted to the flow that, over a prolonged period, transports most sediment. This is termed the effective discharge. The effective discharge mayo be calculated provided that the necessary data are available or can be synthesized. The procedure for effective discharge calculation presented here is designed to have general applicability, have the capability to be applied consistently, and represent the effects of physical processes responsible for determining the channel. dimensions. An example of the calculations necessary and applications of the effective discharge concept are presented. | D. S. BIEDENHARN,C. R. THORNE, P.J.SOAR. ,R.D.HEY, and C. C. WATSONS 1 Engineer, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA. 2Professor School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. 3 Prof | 2001 | International Journal of Sediment Research2001，16，4： | 5 |
| 2 | Application of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology in Medicinal Plant Studies显示文摘One important purpose to investigate medicinal plants is to understand genes and enzymes that govern the biological metabolic process to produce bioactive compounds. Genome wide high throughput technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics can help reach that goal. Such technologies can produce a vast amount of data which desperately need bioinformatics and systems biology to process, manage, distribute and understand these data. By dealing with the 'omics' data, bioinformatics and systems biology can also help improve the quality of traditional medicinal materials, develop new approaches for the classification and authentication of medicinal plants, identify new active compounds, and cultivate medicinal plant species that tolerate harsh environmental conditions. In this review, the application of bioinformatics and systems biology in medicinal plants is briefly introduced. | DENG You-ping1,2 , AI Jun-mei3, XIAO Pei-gen4 1. SpecPro, Vicksburg, MS 39180, USA 2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA 3. School of Computing, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA 4. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China | 2010 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2010，2，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Ecotoxicity of soils contaminated with industrial and domestic wastewater in western Shenyang, China显示文摘Soil samples were collected from 7 sites in the up-, mid- and down-reach along and nearby the wastewater irrigation channel, western Shenyang of China. The concentrations of selected pollutants (mineral oil, PAHs - polycycle aromatic hydrocarbons and Cd) were determined by UV spectrometer, HPLC and AAS (atomic adsorption spectrometer) spectrometer, respectively. Toxicity effects of soils were evaluated by seedling emergence test with root length of wheat as the end-point and by earthworms test with the mortality rate and inhibition rates of body weight as endpoints. Results showed accumulation of pollutants for most soils with concentration of 200.2 mg.kg-1 ~1600 mg.kg-1 for mineral oil, 0.33 mg.kg-1~1.81 mg.kg-1 for Cd and 900.16 mg.kg-1~ 2737.91 mg.kg-1 for PAHs. The inhibition rates of root elongation were from -20% up to 40 %, and mortality rates of earthworms ranged from 0%~40% from the exposure period of two weeks to eight weeks by sampling interval of two weeks, the inhibition rates of earthworm growth were from -19.36% to 34.53%, showing effects of stimulation at 2 weeks to an increasing effects of inhibition at 4, 6 and 8 weeks, respectively. Mortality rates correlated with the loss of body weight of earthworms.This study indicated the potential risk of pollutants of environmental low content in soil by the determination of selected chemicals combined with toxicity indexes. | SONG Yufang, ZHOU Qixing, GONG Ping & SUN Tieheng Key Laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Processes, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China Analytical Services, Inc., 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180, USA Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering of Shenyang, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110041, China | 2005 | Science China(Life Sciences)2005，48，z1： | 1 |
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