| 1 | DNA barcoding provides distinction between Radix Astragali and its adulterants显示文摘Based on variable nuclear and/or organellar DNA sequences among vastly divergent species as well as morphologically indistinguishable species, DNA barcoding is widely applicable in species identification, biodiversity studies, forensic analyses, and authentication of medicinal plants. The roots of Astragalus membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mongholica are commonly used as Radix Astragali in several Asian countries, including China, Japan, and Korea. However, in addition to the two species recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, there are twenty-three species from different genera including Astragalus, Oxytropis, Hedysarum, and Glycyrrhiza, which have been used as adulterants not only in trading markets but also by the herbal medicine industry. Therefore, a simple, reliable, and accurate classification method is important for distinguishing authentic Radix Astragali from its adulterants. In this study, we acquired data for 37 samples from four related genera within the family Fabaceae. Then we compared four candidate DNA barcoding markers using ITS, matK, rbcL, and coxI sequences from nuclear, chloroplast, and mitochondrial genomes, all commonly used for plants to identify genetic variations among genera, intraspecies, and interspecies. We observed higher divergences among genera and interspecies for ITS, which have the average Kimura 2-parameter distances of 4.5% and 14.1%, respectively, whereas matK was found to have sufficient divergence at the intraspecific level. Moreover, two indels detected in the matK sequence are useful for PCR studies in distinguishing Radix Astragali from its adulterants. This study suggests that the combined barcoding regions of ITS and matK are superior barcodes for Radix Astragali and further studies should focus on evaluating the applicability and accuracy of such combined markers for a wide range of traditional Chinese herbs. | GUO HaiYan1,2, WANG WeiWei2, YANG Ning2, GUO BaoLin3, ZHANG Sun2, YANG RuiJing2, YUAN Ye2, YU JunLin4, HU SongNian2, SUN QiShi1 & YU Jun2 1School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China 2Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China 3Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Beijing 100094, China 4Department of Chemistry, Tonghua Normal College, Tonghua 134002, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，8： | 7 |
| 2 | Approach to synthesis of novel chiral 3-chloro-2(5H)- furanone and its application in asymmetric reactions显示文摘The synthetic method of the novel chiral synthon, 5-/-menthyloxy-3-chloro-2-(5H)-furanone 5a and its application in asymmetric reactions were investigated. 5a is easily obtained in highly optical purity, and acts as a stable acceptor of Michael addition with oxygen nucleophiles in tandem double Michael addition / internal nucieophilic substitution to offer the spiro-cyclopropane derivative containing four stereogenic centers 8, which it is difficult to obtain by routine methods. The synthetic methods for 5a and 8 are reported in detail and the new compounds are identified on the basis of their analytical data and spectroscopic data, such as UV, IR, H NMR,13 C NMR, MS and elementary analysis. The absolute configuration of the interesting spiro-cyclopropanes, spiro [1-chloro-4-(/-menthyloxy)-5-oxo-6-oxa-biscyclo[3.1.0]hexane-2,3i(4’-/-menthyloxy-5’-/-menthyloxy- butyrolactone)] 8 was established by X-ray crystallography. This result can provide important synthetic strategy in synthesis of some complex | HUANG Hui & CHEN Qinghua1. Department of Chemistry, Tonghua Teacher’s College, Tonghua 134002, China 2. Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，8： | 0 |
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