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| 1 | Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2010 Edition):A Milestone in Development of China's Healthcare显示文摘Compilation of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (known as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010) has been completed by the Ninth Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, which has been officially distributed in January 2010 and implemented on October 1st, 2010. | QIAN Zhong-zhi1,DAN Yang2,LIU Yan-ze2,PENG Yong2 1.Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission,Beijing 100061,China 2.Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100193,China | 2010 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2010，2，2： | 55 |
| 2 | Invasive mechanism and control strategy of Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel)显示文摘In order to ascertain the invasive mechanism and control strategy of the invasive Crofton weed, Ageratina adenophora, its ecological adaptability and population differentiation,the formation of single dominant population, displacement of native plants and sustainable management strategies were investigated. The present results helped to clarify and explain such issues as the adaptability post invasion,interaction and competition between inter-and intra-species and community resistance, thereby providing important references to researches on other invasive alien species. | WAN FangHao1, LIU WanXue1, GUO JianYing1, QIANG Sheng2, LI BaoPing2, WANG JinJun3, YANG GuoQing1, NIU HongBang1, GUI FuRong1, HUANG WenKun1, JIANG ZhiLin1 & WANG WenQi3 1State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China 2College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China 3Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，11： | 42 |
| 3 | Ideotype root architecture for efficient nitrogen acquisition by maize in intensive cropping systems显示文摘The use of nitrogen(N) fertilizers has contributed to the production of a food supply sufficient for both animals and humans despite some negative environmental impact.Sustaining food production by increasing N use efficiency in intensive cropping systems has become a major concern for scientists,environmental groups,and agricultural policymakers worldwide.In high-yielding maize systems the major method of N loss is nitrate leaching.In this review paper,the characteristic of nitrate movement in the soil,N uptake by maize as well as the regulation of root growth by soil N availability are discussed.We suggest that an ideotype root architecture for efficient N acquisition in maize should include(i) deeper roots with high activity that are able to uptake nitrate before it moves downward into deep soil;(ii) vigorous lateral root growth under high N input conditions so as to increase spatial N availability in the soil;and(iii) strong response of lateral root growth to localized nitrogen supply so as to utilize unevenly distributed nitrate especially under limited N conditions. | MI GuoHua,CHEN FanJun,WU QiuPing,LAI NingWei,YUAN LiXing & ZHANG FuSuo* Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition,MOA Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction,MOE College of Resources and Environmental Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，12： | 35 |
| 4 | Assessment of candidate plant DNA barcodes using the Rutaceae family显示文摘DNA barcoding is a rapidly developing frontier technology that is gaining worldwide attention.Here,seven regions (psbA-trnH,matK,ycf5,rpoC1,rbcL,ITS2,and ITS) with potential for use as DNA barcodes were tested for their ability to identify 300 samples of 192 species from 72 genera of the family Rutaceae.To evaluate each barcode’s utility for species authentication,PCR amplification efficiency,genetic divergence,and barcoding gaps were assessed.We found that the ITS2 region exhibited the highest inter-specific divergence,and that this was significantly higher than the intra-specific variation in the 'DNA barcoding gap' assessment and Wilcoxon two-sample tests.The ITS2 locus had the highest identification efficiency among all tested regions.In a previous study,we found that ITS2 was able to discriminate a wide range of plant taxa,and here we confirmed that ITS2 was also able to discriminate a number of closely related species.Therefore,we propose that ITS2 is a promising candidate barcode for plant species identification. | LUO Kun1,2,CHEN ShiLin1,CHEN KeLi2,SONG JingYuan1,YAO Hui1,MA XinYe1,ZHU YingJie3,PANG XiaoHui1,YU Hua1,LI XiWen1,4 & LIU Zhen2 1Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Peking Union Medical College,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100193,China 2College of Pharmacy,Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430061,China 3School of Bioscience and Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China 4Department of Chemistry,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，6： | 32 |
| 5 | Challenges in Research and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicines显示文摘This review is briefly to recall the history of research and development (R&D) of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and to discuss the challenges of Chinese traditional and herbal medicines (CTHM) facing the modern science and technology. The R&D of CTHM is thought to be an important pathway for new drug discovery. Since1949, about 140 approved new drugs have been developed, among which about 80 originated directly or indirectly from medicinal plants. CTHM has gained interest from the international medical, biomedical, and pharmaceutical institutions as a valuable source of potential medicines. For the modernization of CMM and innovative research of CTHM, there are following challenges to be faced: (1) to evaluate the efficacy, pharmacological properties, action mechanism, and active chemical constituents; (2) to develop new methodologies for the quality and safety of CTHM; (3) to apply new '-omics' techniques to accelerate drug discoveries developed from CTHM; and (4) to apply international practices including good agricultural practice, good manufacturing practice, good laboratory practice, and good clinical practice in the R&D of CTHM. | LIU Chang-xiao1*, XIAO Pei-gen2, PENG Yong2, SONG Nai-ning1 1. Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin 300193, China 2. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China | 2009 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2009，1，1： | 34 |
| 6 | Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis with Chinese Herbal Medicines显示文摘In this paper,laboratory reports,medication rules,formulating principles,and research methods are summarized and analyzed,including single herb,compound herbs,and the problems in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis(OP) within the past decade.With widely recognized efficacy,satisfying achievements have been achieved in preventing and treating OP with Chinese herbal medicines(CHM).However,due to the complex constituents,the pharmacological activities and mechanism of CHM are not clear yet,and there is no unified standard on the diagnosis and syndrome differentiation of OP and the efficacy evaluation of CHM in the treatment.Accordingly,the research in the future should focus on the pharmacology and standardization of CHM in treating OP. | ZHAO Xiao-ling1,2,FENG Yu-xiong1,2,3,PENG Yong1,2 1.Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China 2.Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicines,Ministry of Education,Beijing 100193,China 3.College of Basic Medicine,Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530001,China | 2012 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2012，4，4： | 28 |
| 7 | Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with salt tolerance at seedling stage from Oryza rufipogon显示文摘土壤咸度是影响工厂生长和庄稼生产的主要不能生活的压力之一。在现在的学习,在米饭幼苗舞台的盐忍耐用 87 根基因渗入线(IL ) 被评估,它从在精英 indica 栽培变种 Teqing 和普通野米饭(Oryza rufipogon Griff ) 的就职之间的一个十字被导出。实质的变化为包括盐忍耐 20 的四个特点(圣) 被观察,相对的根干燥重量(RRW ) ,干燥重量(RSW ) 和相对总数弄干的相对射击重量(RTW ) 。圣断然显著地所有另外的三个特点地被相关。与这四个特点联系的 15 通常认为的量的特点 loci (QTL ) 的一个总数用单个点的分析被检测,它位于染色体 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9 和 10 与解释 phenotypic 变化的 8%26% 。O。在 13 QTL (86.7%) 的导出 rufipogon 的等位基因能在 Teqing 背景改进盐忍耐。影响 RRW, RSW 和 RTW 的四 QTL 簇在染色体上被发现 6, 7, 9 和 10 分别地。在这四 QTL 簇之中,包括三 QTL (qRRW10, qRSW10 和 qRTW10 ) 的主要的簇在染色体 10 的长手臂上在制造者 RM271 附近被发现,并且 O。分别地,当 phenotypic 变化由这解释为三个特点的三单个 QTL 从 19% ~ 26% 变化了时,在这三 loci 的导出 rufipogon 的等位基因与 22.7% , 17.3% 和 18.5% 的添加剂效果增加了 RRW, RSW 和 RTW。另外,几腌容忍的 IL 被选择并且能被用于识别并且利用有利的盐从普通野米饭的容忍的基因并且在盐使用容忍的米饭繁殖编程序。 | Lei Tian,Lubin Tan,Fengxia Liu,Hongwei Cai,Chuanqing Sun State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry,National Centre for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plant(Rice), Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Genome of Ministry of Agriculture,Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China | 2011 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2011，38，12： | 26 |
| 8 | Relationship between DNA Barcoding and Chemical Classification of Salvia Medicinal Herbs显示文摘Objective To make the identification of medicinal herbs in Salvia L.quickly and accurately.Methods In this work,DNA barcoding and chemical fingerprint were compared for the identification of herbs in Salvia L.First,the nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region two amplified from 48 medicinal plants in Salvia L.,and three other groups of medicinal plants in Lamiaceae were sequenced.A molecular phylogeny was constructed using the minimum evolution and maximum parsimony methods according to their sequence diversity.Second,the water-solution bioactive components and lipid soluble components were tested by HPLC.Then a chemical phylogeny was built using HPLC fingerprint data.Comparing the molecular and chemical phylogenetic trees revealed many similarities.Results DNA barcoding was sequencing based and could therefore provide more accurate results within a shorter time especially in large-scale studies.Conclusion The results show that ITS2 region is a novel DNA barcode for the authentication of the species in Salvia L.This is the first work to show the relationship between DNA barcoding and chemical components. | HAN Jian-ping1,LIU Chang2,LI Min-hui1,3,SHI Lin-chun1,SONG Jing-yuan1,YAO Hui1,PANG Xiao-hui1,CHEN Shi-lin1,4 1.Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100193,China 2.Molecular Chinese Medicine Laboratory,LKS Faculty of Medicine,The University of Hong Kong,Hong Kong,China 3.Baotou Medical College,Baotou 014040,China 4.Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,China | 2010 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2010，2，1： | 23 |
| 9 | A Genome-wide Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Regulatory Calcium Sensors in Pollen Tubes显示文摘Calcium, an ubiquitous second messenger, plays an essential and versatile role in cellular signaling. The diverse function of calcium signals is achieved by an excess of calcium sensors. Plants possess large numbers of calcium sensors, most of which have not been functionally characterized. To identify physiologically relevant calcium sensors in a specific cell type, we conducted a genome-wide functional survey in pollen tubes, for which spatiotemporal calcium signals are well-characterized and required for polarized tip growth. Pollen-specific members of calmodulin (CaM), CaM-like (CML), calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) families were tagged with green fluorescence protein (GFP) and their localization patterns and overexpression phenotypes were characterized in tobacco pollen tubes. We found that several fusion proteins showed distinct overexpression phenotypes and subcellular localization patterns. CDPK24-GFP was localized to the vegetative nucleus and the generative cell/sperms. CDPK32-GFP caused severe growth depolarization. CBL2-GFP and CBL3-GFP exhibited dynamic patterns of subcellular localization, including several endomembrane compartments, the apical plasma membrane (PM), and cytoskeleton-like structures in pollen tubes. Their overexpression also inhibited pollen tube elongation and induced growth depolarization. These putative calcium sensors are excellent candidates for the calcium sensors responsible for the regulation of calcium homeostasis and calciumdependent tip growth and growth oscillation in pollen tubes. | Liming Zhou1,2, Ying Fu1,2 and Zhenbiao Yang2,3 (1State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 2China Agricultural University (CAU)-University of California, Riverside (UCR) Joint Center for Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 3Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA) | 2009 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2009，51，8： | 21 |
| 10 | Efficient production of omega-3 fatty acid desaturase (sFat-1)-transgenic pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer显示文摘Omega-3(ω-3) fatty acid desaturase transgenic pigs may improve carcass fatty acid composition. The use of transgenic pigs is also an excellent large animal model for studying the role of ω-3 fatty acids in the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease and cancer. Transgenic pigs carrying synthesized fatty acid desaturase-1 gene (sFat-1) from Caenorhabditis briggsae by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) were produced for the first time in China. Porcine fetal fibroblast cells were transfected with a sFat-1 expression cassette by the liposome-mediated method. Transgenic embryos were reconstructed by nuclear transfer of positive cells into enucleated in vitro matured oocytes. A total of 1889 reconstructed embryos were transferred into 10 naturally cycling gilts. Nine early pregnancies were established, 7 of which went to term. Twenty-one piglets were born. The cloning efficiency was 1.1% (born piglets/transferred embryos). The integration of the sFat-1 gene was confirmed in 15 live cloned piglets by PCR and Southern blot except for 2 piglets. Expression of the sFat-1 gene in 12 of 13 piglets was detected with RT-PCR. The data demonstrates that an efficient system for sFat-1 transgenic cloned pigs was developed, which led to the successful production of piglets expressing the sFat-1 gene. | PAN DengKe1, ZHANG Li1, ZHOU YanRong2, FENG Chong1, LONG Chuan1, LIU Xiao1, WAN Rong3, ZHANG Jian3, LIN AiXing3, DONG EnQiu4, WANG ShuChen4, XU HouGang4 & CHEN HongXing2 1 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China 2 Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China 3 China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 4 Yutian Breeding Swine Farms, Yutian 064104, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，4： | 21 |
| 11 | New Collection of Crude Drugs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 Ⅰ.Callicarpa Linn. and Related Items显示文摘Callicarpa Linn. (beautyberry) is one of the major genera in Verbenaceae, about 20 of which are medicinal plants. Beautyberry, called Zizhu in China, is a generic name of those species and largely used as hemostatic medicine. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 has admitted three new crude drugs from the genus of Callicarpa Linn. including Callicarpae Macrophyllae Folium, Callicarpae Caulis et Folium, and Callicarpae Formosanae Folium for the first time since the 1977 version of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In order to better understand these new crude drugs, we systematically described their bibliography, admission reasons, botanical identification, chemistry, and pharmacology. Several other species, out of national regulations but intensively studied and widely used, are also covered in this review. | DAN Yang1, QIAN Zhong-zhi2, LIU Yan-ze1, ZHOU Guo-ping3, PENG Yong1, XIAO Pei-gen1 1. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100193, China 2. China Pharmacopoeia Committee, Beijing 100061, China 3. Jiangxi Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanchang 330046, China | 2010 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2010，2，4： | 18 |
| 12 | Influence of Panax ginseng Continuous Cropping on Metabolic Function of Soil Microbial Communities显示文摘Objective To investigate the influence of Panax ginseng continuous cropping on the carbon substrate metabolic activity of microbes in soils sampled from Dafang,Huangni,and Wulidi in Jilin Province,China.Methods Soil metabolisms of soil communities were characterized by community level physiological profiles using BIOLOGTM EcoPlate.Results Soils sampled from the three sites were analyzed and their metabolic activities were compared.Principal component analysis explored the significant variance in metabolic function of microbial communities in soils,though the Shannon index and the evenness index of them were similar.Futhermore,two principal components(PC1 and PC2),which contributed 67.83% and 10.78% of total variance,were extracted respectively.And also,substrates significantly correlated with PC1 and PC2 at the three sampling sites were identified.Conclusion Characteristic of soil is the primary factor influencing microbial communities,and P.ginseng continuous cropping has significant influence on microbial community.Though soil samples show similar microbial metabolic profiles,microbial communities in rhizosphere soil are changed obviously during the cultivation of P.ginseng,which would finally result in the unbalance of microbial community.Phytopathogens would gradually be the predominants in rhizosphere soil and make P.ginseng sick. | YING Yi-xin1,DING Wan-long1,ZHOU Ying-qun2,LI Yong1 1.Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China 2.China National Corporation of Traditional and Herbal Medicine,Beijing 100195,China | 2012 | Chinese Herbal Medicines2012，4，4： | 17 |
| 13 | Variations in carbon isotope ratios of C_3 plants and distribution of C_4 plants along an altitudinal transect on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga显示文摘Variations in carbon isotopic ratios (δ 13C) of C3 plants and distribution of C4 plants were investigated along an altitudinal transect on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga, and the environmental effects on them were discussed. It is shown that plants with C4 photosynthetic pathway mainly occur at altitudes below 2100 m a.s.l., suggesting that the low summer temperature is responsible for the distributional pattern. In addition, δ 13C of C3 plants increases with elevation at the region above 2000 m a.s.l. with the characteristics of humid climate, and the increase rate in δ 13C for C3 plants is about 1.3‰ per kilometer. Temperature determines the altitudinal trend of δ 13C. | LI JiaZhu1, WANG GuoAn2, LIU XianZhao1, HAN JiaMao3, LIU Min4 & LIU XiaoJuan2 1 College of Geography and Planning, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China 2 Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agri- cultural University, Beijing 100193, China 3 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China 4 College of Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，11： | 16 |
| 14 | Overexpression of the tonoplast aquaporin AtTIP5;1 conferred tolerance to boron toxicity in Arabidopsis显示文摘Boron (B) toxicity to plants is responsible for low crop productivity in many regions of the world. Here we report a novel and effective means to alleviate the B toxicity to plants under high B circumstance. Functional characterization of AtTIP5;1, an aquaporin gene, re-vealed that overexpression of AtTIP5;1 (OxAtTIP5;1) in Arabidopsis significantly increased its tolerance to high B toxicity. Compared to wild-type plants, OxAtTIP5;1 plants exhibited longer hypocotyls, accelerated development, increased silique production under high B treatments. GUS staining and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) results demonstrated that the expression of AtTIP5;1 was induced by high B concentration treatment. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that the AtTIP5;1-GFP fusion protein was localized on the tonoplast membrane, which was consistent with the prediction based on bioinformatics. Taken together, our results suggest that AtTIP5;1 is in-volved in B transport pathway possibly via vacuolar compartmentation for B, and that overexpression of AtTIP5;1 in plants may provide an effective way to overcome the problem resulting from high B concentration toxicity. | Yongqi Pang, Lijuan Li, Fei Ren, Pingli Lu, Pengcheng Wei, Jinghui Cai, Lingguo Xin, Juan Zhang, Jia Chen, Xuechen Wang State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | 2010 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2010，37，6： | 11 |
| 15 | Cotton bollworm resistance to Bt transgenic cotton: A case analysis显示文摘Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) is one of the most serious insect pests of cotton. Transgenic cotton expressing Cry toxins derived from a soil bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), has been produced to target this pest. Bt cotton has been widely planted around the world, and this has resulted in efficient control of bollworm populations with reduced use of synthetic insecticides. However, evolution of resistance by this pest threatens the continued success of Bt cotton. To date, no field populations of bollworm have evolved significant levels of resistance; however, several laboratory-selected Cry-resistant strains of H. armigera have been obtained, which suggests that bollworm has the capacity to evolve resistance to Bt. The development of resistance to Bt is of great concern, and there is a vast body of research in this area aimed at ensuring the continued success of Bt cotton. Here, we review studies on the evolution of Bt resistance in H. armigera, focusing on the biochemical and molecular basis of Bt resistance. We also discuss resistance management strategies, and monitoring programs implemented in China, Australia, and India. | LIU ChenXi, LI YunHe, GAO YuLin, NING ChangMing & WU KongMing State Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100193, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，8： | 10 |
| 16 | Expression of the Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) hsp83 gene and its relation to oogenesis during ovarian maturation显示文摘Heat shock proteins (HSP) can protect organisms and cells from thermal damage. In this study, we cloned the full length cDNA encoding the HSP83 protein (the homologue of HSP90) of Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle). The isolated cDNA contains the full coding sequence, a partial 5′ untranslated region of 55 bp and the complete 3′ untranslated region. We found the hsp83 gene is located on chromosome 5 of the T. castaneum genome. The predicted HSP83 protein sequence has a high similarity (on average 86.77%) with that of other insect species. The expression of the hsp83 gene in the whole body and in the ovary could be induced with heat stress (40°C for 1 h) in newly hatched (within 3 h post emergence) and mature (10 days post emergence) beetles. Under normal conditions, the hsp83 expression in the ovary is about 3-fold higher than in the whole body at both stages. No significant difference in hsp83 expression was observed between the two ovarian developmental stages regardless if the beetles were treated with heat shock or not. The expression of the HSP83 protein in the whole body could also be induced with heat stress in newly hatched and mature beetles. However, in the ovary, HSP83 was only expressed in the follicle cells of mature beetles and not in newly hatched beetles, regardless if the beetles were treated with heat shock or not. Furthermore, the females were not able to produce mature oocytes after knock-down of the hsp83 expression by injecting dsRNA. These results suggest that the HSP83 protein is involved in protection against heat stress and could be involved in oogenesis during ovarian maturation of T. castaneum. | Jingjing Xu 1, Juan Shu 1, Qin Zhang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China | 2010 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2010，37，8： | 9 |
| 17 | Can Cadmium Uptake by Chinese Cabbage be Reduced After Growing Cd-Accumulating Rapeseed?显示文摘Rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.), a Cd-accumulating crop, is effective in reducing plant-available Cd from soil. A pot experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the Cd uptake by Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr.) grown in rotation with rapeseed would be reduced due to the efficient removal of bioavailable Cd from soil solution by the rapeseed crops. The Cd removal by shoot for the rapeseed cultivar Zhucang Huazi ranged from 0.24% to 0.99% in natural Cd-contaminated soil (soil A) and from 0.63% to 1.23% in artificial Cd-contaminated soil (soil B) during the growth period of 4–7 weeks; whereas that for the rapeseed cultivar Chuanyou II-93 ranged from 0.25% to 0.66% and from 0.38% to 1.02%, respectively. Chinese cabbage grown in the pots with soil A for five weeks after harvesting rapeseed exhibited a significantly lower Cd concentration compared to that grown in the control pots (uncropped with rapeseed). However, the rotation of rapeseed did not lower the Cd concentration of Chinese cabbage on soil B. Although an increase of Cd uptake was observed in the rapeseed cultivars with growth time, and the decrease of soil NH 4 OAc-extractable Cd was found only in the natural rather than artificial Cd-contaminated soil. | SU De-Chun , JIAO Wei-Ping, ZHOU Man and CHEN Xia College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 (China) | 2010 | Pedosphere2010，20，1： | 9 |
| 18 | Recent Advances in Swine Amino Acid Nutrition显示文摘Recent advances in swine protein nutrition are characterized by the development of functional amino acids(AA)in regulating fetal and postnatal survival,growth and development.These AA include arginine,glutamine,glutamate,proline,leucine,cysteine and tryptophan.Due to limited knowledge on AA nutrition,pork producers have traditionally paid little attention to supplementing the arginine family of AA to swine diets.Results of recent studies indicate that functional AA serve important regulatory functions in nutrient metabolism,protein turnover,and immune function,therefore enhancing efficiency of feed utilization by pigs.The underlying mechanisms include activation of nitric oxide,mammalian target of rapamycin,gaseous signaling,and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways,as well as anti-oxidative function.Dietary supplementation with arginine,glutamine,proline or leucine to weanling piglets enhances their growth performance.Arginine or glutamine is also effective in increasing milk production by lactating sows.Furthermore,supplementing arginine to the diet of pregnant gilts between days 30 and 114 of gestation increases the number of live-born piglets and litter birth-weight.Availability of feed-grade functional AA holds great promise for improving animal health and nutrient utilization in pig production worldwide.Additionally,feedstuffs of animal origin [e.g.,blood meal(ring dried),feather meal(hydrolyzed),meat and bone meal,porcine protein meal,and poultry by-product meal(both feed-and petfood-grades)] are excellent and cost-effective sources of both essential and functional AA for formulating balanced swine diets.New knowledge on AA nutrition provides a much needed scientific basis for revising the next edition of swine nutrient requirements. | Guoyao Wu Department of Animal Science and Faculty of Nutrition,Texas A&M University,College Station,TX,77843,U.S.A and State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition,China Agricultural University,Beijing,100193,China | 2010 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2010，1，2： | 7 |
| 19 | Hearing and Cochlear structures in a Swine Model显示文摘Objective To study the audition and inner ear structure in a normal swine model.Methods Auditory brainstem responses(ABRs) were determined in swine at 1 day and 1 month after birth.The form of the cochlea and hair cells were examined under a scanning electron microscope and on cochlear slices.Results ABR thresholds at 1 day and 1 month post-birth were between 40 and 50 dB SPL.The latencies of waves I,III and V in 1 day old swine were 1.97 ± 0.13,3.01± 0.16 and 4.26±0.20 ms,respectively.At 1 month,the lantancies of waves I,III and V were 2.01 ± 0.05,3.11±0.08 and 4.65 ± 0.14 ms,respectively,slightly longer than those at 1 day,although not statistically significant(p>0.05).The swine cochlea was constituted of 3 and a half turns and the cochlear hair cells lined up in four rows.Hair cell cilia in the apical turn were longer than those in other turns.Conclusions The swine cochlea is mature at the time of birth.Swine ABR thresholds are slightly higher than humans and rats.Swine appears to be a precocial animal species. | GUO Wei-wei1,Cheng Lei2,Liu Hui-zhan1,Sun Jian-he1,YANG Shi-ming1,1 Department of Otolaryngology,Head & Neck Surgery,Institute of Otolaryngology,Chinese PLA General Hospital,Beijing 100853,China 2 State Rey laboratory for Agrobio technology China Agrical universiy Beijing 100193,PR,China | 2010 | Journal of Otology2010，5，2： | 7 |
| 20 | Phenotype prediction of nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in human phase II drug/xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes: perspectives on molecular evolution显示文摘Nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in coding regions can lead to amino acid changes that might alter the protein’s function and account for susceptibility to disease and altered drug/xenobiotic response. Many nsSNPs have been found in genes encoding human phase II metabolizing enzymes; however, there is little known about the relationship between the genotype and phenotype of nsSNPs in these enzymes. We have identified 923 validated nsSNPs in 104 human phase II enzyme genes from the Ensembl genome database and the NCBI SNP database. Using PolyPhen, Panther, and SNAP algorithms, 44%?59% of nsSNPs in phase II enzyme genes were predicted to have functional impacts on protein function. Predictions largely agree with the available experimental annotations. 68% of deleterious nsSNPs were correctly predicted as damaging. This study also identified many amino acids that are likely to be functionally critical, but have not yet been studied experimentally. There was significant concordance between the predicted results of Panther and PolyPhen, and between SNAP non-neutral predictions and PolyPhen scores. Evolutionarily non-neutral (destabilizing) amino acid substitutions are thought to be the pathogenetic basis for the alteration of phase II enzyme activity and to be associated with disease susceptibility and drug/xenobiotic toxicity. Furthermore, the molecular evolutionary patterns of phase II enzymes were characterized with regards to the predicted deleterious nsSNPs. | HAO DaCheng1*, XIAO PeiGen2* & CHEN ShiLin2 1Laboratory of Biotechnology, College of Environment, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China 2Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，10： | 6 |
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